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INSTITUTO DEL PROFESORADO DEL CONSUDEC

Septimio Walsh
(V-5)
Profesorado en Informtica
Modalidad a Distancia

INGLS
Unidad 2

Autora del Material: Zulema Abreg


Actualizacin: Lic. Karina Cenzabella

Prohibida su reproduccin total o parcial. Derechos reservados.

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
Introduccin

La finalidad de esta asignatura es brindar a los alumnos los elementos para que
puedan comprender, interpretar y traducir manuales, folletos y textos especficos de
informtica del ingls al castellano, haciendo uso de conocimientos previos y de las
experiencias en dichos temas.
Para lograr este objetivo es importante el estudio comparativo de las gramtica de
ambas lenguas y el correcto uso del diccionario bilinge.
El material ha sido organizado en un orden de complejidad creciente a fin de que los
alumnos encuentren la menor cantidad de dificultades para el logro de los objetivos
propuestos por la docente.
Es por ello que, si bien un mdulo corresponde al bloque nominal y el otro al bloque
verbal, se incluyeron en el primer mdulo elementos que corresponden al segundo a fin
de que cuenten con algunos elementos necesarios para la tarea.
Requisitos para aprobar la materia:

Un trabajo prctico aprobado.

Un parcial domiciliario.

Examen final escrito presencial.

En todos los casos se podr consultar el diccionario, los glosarios de trminos informticos y
los apuntes sobre gramtica.

Metodologa:
Para lograr un buen aprendizaje les aconsejo tener en cuenta:
_ Cuando se realiza una traduccin lo que se transfiere de un idioma a otro son
ideas y no palabras.
_ Se debe ser fiel al original; dejar de lado lo superfluo, lo que nada agrega al
texto, conservando lo sustancial; evitar la repeticin.
_ Usar el diccionario: no dejarse llevar por la similitud de las palabras; buscar lo
que no se sabe o lo que no se sabe bien.
_ Antes de contestar las preguntas de la comprensin o de realizar la traduccin
se tiene que leer todo el texto, an cuando haya palabras que desconozcan.

Consulten sus dudas cada vez que sea necesario.


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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
UNIDAD 2: Bloque verbal
El VERBO

Clasificacin de los verbos

De acuerdo con su contenido:

1. Verbos que indican actividad


to walk: caminar
to eat: comer
2. Verbos que indican condicin
to sleep: dormir
to live: vivir
3. Verbos que indican cambio
to turn: volver / convertirse
to finish: acabar / terminar
Segn su empleo algunos verbos pueden pertenecer a ms de una categora.
Ej.:
They live in Paris. Viven en Pars. (indica condicin)
I want to live. Quiero vivir. (indica actividad)

De acuerdo con su funcin:

1. Verbos principales: son aquellos que contienen todo el significado del


predicado.
She gave him a present. Le hizo un regalo.
He can read. Sabe leer.
2. Verbos auxiliares: son aquellos que se emplean para la formacin de los
tiempos, modo, aspecto, voz y predicacin.
The boy didnt tell the truth. El chico no dijo la verdad.
They are leaving tomorrow. Se marchan maana
She has updated the antivirus. Ella ha actualizado el antivirus.
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

3. Verbos modales: Tienen significado propio; comparten caractersticas de los


verbos auxiliares.
She can swim very well. Sabe nadar muy bien
May I open the window, please? Puedo abrir la ventana, por favor?

De acuerdo con la forma:

Los verbos ingleses basan su conjugacin en tres formas nicamente que


representan el enunciado de un verbo. Son: infinitivo (to know), pretrito o
pasado (knew) y participio pasado (known).

Atendiendo a estos tres elementos bsicos, los verbos se clasifican en:


Regulares: Toman la terminacin -ed de inflexin, aadida a la raz o infinitivo
para formar el pretrito y el participio pasado.
To play
To study

played
studied

played
studied

(jugar, interpretar)
(estudiar)

Irregulares: Son verbos que tienen las tres formas iguales, dos formas
iguales y una desigual, las tres formas desiguales.
To cut
To keep
To drink
To show

cut
kept
drank
showed

cut
kept
drunk
shown

(cortar)
(guardar, conservar)
(beber)
(mostrar, ensear)

De acuerdo con su formacin:

Simples: Son aquellos que estn formados por una sola palabra.
To think
To work

pensar
trabajar

Compuestos: Estn formados por ms de una palabra.


To outdo
aventajar
To overcome vencer

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

Dentro de este grupo se encuentran tambin los verbos fraseolgicos


(phrasal verbs) y los preposicionales (prepositional verbs).
To look at
mirar a / hacia
To come in entrar

Infinitivo
go
(ir)
work
(trabajar)

s
goes
(va)
works
(trabaja)

(prepositional)
(phrasal)

-ing
going
(yendo)
working
(trabajando)

pasado
went
(fue)
worked
(trabaj)

participio pasado
gone
(ido)
worked
(trabajado)

Estas formas se combinan con los auxiliares y van a determinar los distintos tiempos
verbales. Los fundamentales son cuatro:

presente

pasado

futuro

condicional o potencial

Y cuatro son las formas en que estos tiempos se combinan, a saber:


simple

continuada

perfectiva

perfectiva continuada

Los verbos auxiliares que empleamos en su formacin son:

To be (ser o estar)

To have (haber)

Do/did/does

Will

Para formar el
Para formar los

Para formar los

negativo e

Para el

tiempos continuos.

tiempos perfectivos.

interrogativo del

tiempo futuro

presente y pasado

simple.

simple.

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

Verbo To Be
Presente

Pasado

Futuro

simple

simple

simple

I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are

I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were

I will be
You will be
He will be
She will be
It will be
We will be
You will be
They will be

Verbo To Have (haber - como auxiliar)

Presente

Pasado

simple
I have
You have
He has
She has
It has
We have
You have
They have

Futuro

simple
I had
You had
He had
She had
It had
We had
You had
They had

simple
I will have
You will have
He will have
She will have
It will have
We will have
You will have
They will have

Do - Does - Did (auxiliares para formar el negativo e interrogativo del Presente y


Pasado Simples)
Presente Simple

Pasado Simple

do

(not)

did

(not)

You

do

(not)

You

did

(not)

He

does

(not)

He

did

(not)

She

does

(not)

She

did

(not)

It

does

(not)

It

did

(not)

We

do

(not)

We

did

(not)

You

do

(not)

You

did

(not)

They

do

(not)

They

did

(not)

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
TIEMPOS VERBALES
Tiempos Simples

Presente Simple:
Este tiempo se utiliza para describir una accin habitual. Todas las personas
tienen la misma forma con excepcin de las tercera persona del singular a la que
se le agrega una s es de acuerdo a la terminacin del verbo.

sleep

(yo) duermo

You

sleep

(usted) duerme

He

sleeps

(l ) duerme

She

sleeps

(ella) duerme

It

sleeps

(el gato-) duerme

We

sleep

(nosotros/as) dormimos

You

sleep

(ustedes) duermen

They

sleep

(ellos/as) duermen

Para preguntar se usa el auxiliar DO para todas las personas, salvo en las
terceras personas del singular que llevan el auxiliar DOES

Forma Afirmativa

Forma Negativa

Forma Interrogativa

I work

I do not work

Do I work?

(trabajo)

(no trabajo)

(trabajo?)

You work

do not work

Do you work?

He works

does not work

Does he work?

She works

does not work

It works

does not work

Does it work?

We work

do not work

Do we work?

You work

do not work

Do you work?

They work

do not work

Do they work?

Does she work?

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

En conversaciones es muy comn contraer do not y does not por dont y


doesnt, respectivamente.

Pasado Simple:
Este tiempo verbal describe una accin pasada.

En el pasado simple se usa el mismo verbo auxiliar para todas las personas.

La forma negativa e interrogativa se forma con el


auxiliar did + la forma base del verbo.

Ej. :
I did not (= didnt) listen to her. (No la escuch.)
He did not study for the exam. (No estudi para el examen.)
Did you understand the problem? (Entendi el problema?)
Where did they go yesterday? (Adnde fueron ayer?)

.........
Consultar lista de verbos irregulares (pgina 22) *

............

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

Futuro Simple:
Se forma con el auxiliar will seguido de la forma base del verbo principal; es igual
para todas las personas.
Ej.
I will get the scholarship. (Obtendr la beca.)
You will work in this office. ( Trabajar/s en esta oficina.)
We will study it very carefully. (Lo estudiaremos cuidadosamente.)
She will type the report. (Escribir el informe a mquina/en computadora.)
Para formar el interrogativo, invertimos el orden del auxiliar y verbo principal:

Will you finish the report soon? (Terminar el informe pronto?)


Will they arrive on time? (Llegarn a tiempo?)

Para formar el negativo se agrega "not "al auxiliar:


I will not see you. (No lo ver.)
We will not be here tomorrow. (No estaremos aqu maana.)

Tiempos Continuos
Todos los tiempos continuos se forman con el verbo "TO BE" y la forma "-ing"
del verbo principal.

Presente Continuo
I am writing. (Estoy escribiendo.)
They are studying. (Estn estudiando.)
Is she working in the new department? (Est trabajando en la nueva
seccin?)
He is not studying there. (No est estudiando all.)
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

Pasado Continuo
She was studying for the exam. (Estaba estudiando para el examen.)
They were repairing the computer. (Estaban arreglando la computadora.)
Were they working? (Estaban trabajando?)
He was not repairing the system. (No estaba arreglando el sistema.)

Tiempos Perfectivos
Se forman con el auxiliar "TO HAVE" y el participio pasado del verbo principal.

Presente Perfecto
have / has + participio pasado del verbo principal.
En el caso de los verbos regulares, el participio pasado es igual al pasado
simple, es decir, se agrega "-ed" o "-d". En el caso de los verbos irregulares, es la
tercera columna.
Ej.
She has typed the report. (Ha escrito el informe a mquina/en computadora.)
They have changed the computers. (Han cambiado las computadoras.)
I have been here before. (He estado aqu antes.)

La negacin se forma agregando "NOT" despus de HAVE / HAS, y la


interrogacin invirtiendo el orden del auxiliar y el sujeto.
I have not telephoned her. (No la llam por telfono/ No la he llamado
por telfono.)
She has not arrived yet. ( Todava no lleg/ No ha llegado todava.)
Have you seen her today? (Hoy la vio?/ La ha visto hoy?.)
Has he studied for the test? (Estudi para la prueba?/Ha estudiado
para la prueba?)

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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

Pasado Perfecto
"had" + el participio pasado del verbo principal.

El negativo se forma agregando "NOT" despus de "HAD", y el interrogativo


invirtiendo el orden del auxiliar y el sujeto.
When I arrived, the manager had left (Cuando llegu, el gerente se haba ido)
When she left, I had eaten my sandwich. (Cuando se fue, me haba comido
mi sandwich.)
When he arrived, they had not finished the report. (Cuando lleg, no haban
terminado el informe.)
Had they remembered the meeting when he telephoned?. (Se haban acordado
de la reunin cuando l llam?)

LOS VERBOIDES

FORMA "-ing"
PREPOSICION + -ING

se traduce

PREPOSICION + INFINITIVO

It is a device for controlling the cursor.


Es un dispositivo para controlar el cursor.
The flowchart shows the path the computer will follow in executing the
program.
El diagrama de flujo muestra la ruta que seguir la computadora al
ejecutar el programa.

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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

BY + ING

cuando indique la manera de realizar algo.

With this program you can select hundreds of pictures simply by moving the
mouse.
Con este programa puede seleccionar cientos de dibujos simplemente moviendo el
mouse.
No traducimos la preposicin; el verbo se traduce con la terminacin "ando",
"endo".
Al comienzo de la oracin

se traduce

como sustantivo o infinitivo

Programming is very interesting.


La programacin es muy interesante.
Programar es muy interesante.
SUSTANTIVO+ ING

se traduce

SUSTANTIVO + QUE + VERBO

Programs are instructions telling the computer what operations have to be


carried out.
Los programas son instrucciones que le indican a la computadora que
operaciones se deben realizar.
AFTER / BEFORE + ING

se traduce

DESPUES / ANTES DE + INFINITIVO

I often listen to music after working.


A menudo escucho msica despus de trabajar.

INFINITIVO

puede traducirse:
A + INFINITIVO
I stopped for a few minutes to rest.
Me detuve un momento a descansar.
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
PARA + INFINITVO

She went to England to know more about British culture.


Fue a Inglaterra para conocer ms sobre la cultura britnica.
DE + INFINITIVO
He tried to forget the incident.
Trat de olvidar el incidente.
QUE + VERBO CONJUGADO
They don't permit people to smoke.
No permiten que la gente fume.
The rate of inflation is expected to rise.
Se espera que aumente el ndice de inflacin.

MODO IMPERATIVO

Afirmativo: Se forma con el infinitivo sin "to" colocado al comienzo de la oracin y


sin el pronombre personal.
Unplug electrical appliances before repairing them.
Desenchufe los artefactos elctricos antes de arreglarlos.

Negativo: Se comienza la oracin con do not / don't seguido por el infinitivo sin "to".
Do not ( don't )press the return key.
No presione la tecla "return".

Imperativo con "LET": Se forma con "let's" (let us) seguido del infinitivo sin "to".
Let's follow the instructions.
Sigamos las instrucciones.
Let's read the summary.
Leamos el resumen.
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia
VOZ PASIVA

EL SUJETO DE LA VOZ PASIVA ES EL OBJETO DE LA VOZ ACTIVA


V. Pasiva:

This house was built in 1486.


sujeto

Esta casa se construy en 1486.

V. Activa:

They built this house in 1486.


objeto

Construyeron esta casa en 1486.

La voz pasiva se utiliza cuando nos interesa enfatizar quin o qu recibe la accin
del verbo, en lugar de quin o qu realiza la accin.

La estructura de la voz pasiva es: VERBO "TO BE" + PARTICIPIO PASADO

TIEMPO DE LA VOZ

ESTRUCTURA

EJEMPLO

PASIVA
Presente Simple

am/is/are + participio pasado

English is spoken here.

Presente Continuo

am/is/are being + pp

The house is being painted.

Pasado Simple

was/were + pp

I wasn't invited, but I went.

Pasado Continuo

was/were being + pp

I felt I was being watched.

Presente Perfecto

have/has been +pp

Has Mary been told?

Pasado Perfecto

had been + pp

I knew I had been forgotten.

Futuro Simple

will be + pp

You will be told soon.

Verbos modales

can/could/must/should

(pgina 18)

be + pp

The car should be


repaired.

Cuando en la oracin pasiva no aparece "by", la traduccin es impersonal:


SE + VERBO CONJUGADO
The plan is called a flow chart.

El plan se llama diagrama de flujo.

Hundreds of megabytes of software can be recorded on one disk.


Cientos de megabytes de software se pueden grabar en un disco.
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

Cuando en la oracin pasiva aparece "by", la traduccin es literal:


The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.
El telfono fue inventado por Graham Bell.
Manchester were beaten 3-0 by Liverpool yesterday.
Ayer Manchester fue derrotado 3-0 por Liverpool.

Cuando la voz pasiva va seguida de un infinitivo, se traduce:


VOZ PASIVA IMPERSONAL (SE) + QUE + VERBO CONJUGADO
You are supposed to know the answer.
Se supone que conoces la respuesta.
Esta traduccin slo se realiza con verbos tales como: say, suppose, think,
assume, consider, believe, etc.

Cuando se utilizan otros verbos la traduccin se efecta de la siguiente manera:


It is used to store information.
Se utiliza para almacenar informacin.

USOS ESPECIALES DE "BE", "HAVE", "DO"


BE
* Cuando deseamos enfatizar ideas presentes con intencin, seguridad o planes de
que se cumplan en el futuro, utilizamos la construccin:
BE + GOING TO + VERB
Next year is going to be different.
El ao prximo va a ser diferente.
It is going to rain: look at those clouds.
Va a llover: mire esas nubes.
They were going to buy a ink-jet printer but finally they bought a laser one.
Iban a comprar una impresora a chorro de tinta pero finalmente compraron
una lser.
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

* Como equivalente de "must" en la construccin:


BE TO + VERBO
You are to stop smoking or you will die.
Debes dejar de fumar o te morirs.

* Tambin puede traducirse "ir a" segn el contexto en que se emplee.


She is to come tomorrow.
Va a venir maana.

* Se traduce "es probable que" en la siguiente construccin:


BE LIKELY + VERBO
It is likely to rain.
Es probable que llueva.
The virus is likely to damage data on the disk.
Es probable que el virus dae los datos del disco.

* Se traduce "haber " o "existir" en la construccin:


THERE + BE
There is no water on the moon.
No hay agua en la luna.
There were many children sleeping in the street.
Haba muchos nios durmiendo en la calle.

* Se traduce "tener" en casos como:


She is fifteen years old.
Tiene quince aos.

It is 50 cm wide.
Tiene 50 cm de ancho.

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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

HAVE
* En la construccin:
HAVE + OBJETO + PARTICIPIO PASADO
I had my watch repaired.
Hice arreglar mi reloj.
They will have their house decorated next week.
Harn decorar su casa la prxima semana.

* Se traduce como equivalente de "must" (obligacin) en la estructura:


HAVE TO + VERBO
You have to pay in advance.
Debe pagar por adelantado.
They have to go to London for a meeting.
Deben ir a una reunin en Londres.
La diferencia entre el uso de "must" y "have to" reside en que en el caso de
"must" la obligacin es sentida por el sujeto, mientras que en la expresin "have
to" la obligacin viene desde afuera.
I must stop smoking.
Debo dejar de fumar. (es mi deseo)
I have to stop smoking.
Debo dejar de fumar. (por indicacin del mdico)

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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

DO
* Se utiliza para enfatizar el verbo y se traduce "ciertamente", "realmente", en la
estructura:
DO + VERBO

I said I was going to win, and I did win.


Dije que iba a ganar y ciertamente gan.
I do feel ill!
Realmente me siento enferma.

VERBOS ESPECIALES (MODAL VERBS)


SHOULD
* Se traduce: deber, debera, debiera
People should drive more carefully.
La gente debera manejar con ms cuidado.
OUGHT TO + VERBO
* Puede utilizarse con un significado similar a "should":
We ought to discuss the problem.
Debemos discutir el problema.
MUST
* Se utiliza para rdenes, consejos u opiniones y se traduce "deber":
Passengers must not speak to the driver.
Los pasajeros no deben hablar con el conductor.
He must realise that he is in trouble.
Debe darse cuenta de que est en problemas.

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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

CAN

* Se traduce "poder" y se puede utilizar con el sentido de:


a) habilidad b) permiso, requerimientos, ofrecimientos:

She can speak English quite well.


Puede hablar ingls bastante bien.(habilidad)
You can't come into my room.
No puedes entrar en mi cuarto.(permiso)
Can you put the children to bed?
Puede acostar a los nios?(requerimiento)

MAY
* Se utiliza con el sentido b) de "can", pero es ms formal y menos frecuente:
May I help you, sir?
Puedo ayudarlo, seor?
May I use your phone?
Puedo usar su telfono?

COULD

* Se utiliza con el mismo sentido que "can" y se traduce "podra":


Could I pay you tomorrow?
Podra pagarle maana?
MIGHT
* Se utiliza para indicar una posibilidad ms remota que usando "may" y
tambin se traduce "podra":
My mother might be at home now.
Mi madre podra estar en casa ahora.
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

FALSOS GOGNADOS
Son palabras que tienen la misma
significado.

forma en ingls y espaol pero distinto

Ability: capacidad, destreza, aptitud


Actual: verdadero, real
Actually: en realidad
Assume: suponer
College: facultad
Billion: mil millones
Compass: brjula
Consistent: constante, consecuente
Eventually: finalmente
Exit: salida
File: archivo, fichero
Implications: consecuencias, efectos, repercusiones
Lecture: conferencia
Library: biblioteca
Notice: aviso
Regular: habitual, normal
Simple: sencillo, ordinario

Por supuesto que esta lista es bastante ms amplia y estos "falsos amigos"
pueden llevarnos a cometer graves errores no slo de traduccin sino de
comprensin. Recordemos en estos casos que "las apariencias engaan".

Concluimos aqu el estudio comparativo de la gramtica de ambas lenguas.


El estudio no se agota en los temas que hemos visto pero, al menos, dichos
temas permitirn que podamos cumplir con los objetivos que nos propusimos al
comenzar esta asignatura.

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Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

Vocabulario especfico del rea informtica

En los siguientes artculos encontrarn los verbos, adjetivos y adverbios ms utilizados


en los textos tcnicos resaltados en color azul. Algunos de ellos son palabras
transparentes, es decir, se ven igual o casi igual a su traduccin en castellano. Usen
estos prrafos para crear su propia lista de verbos de referencia, para poder
consultar en el futuro a modo de mini-diccionario.

Software Maintenance
In software engineering, software maintenance is the process of enhancing and
optimizing deployed software (software release), as well as remedying defects.
Software maintenance is one of the phases in the software development process,
and follows deployment of the software into the field. The software
maintenance phase involves changes to the software in order to correct
defects and deficiencies found during field usage as well as the addition of new
functionality to improve the software's usability and applicability.
Software maintenance involves a number of specific techniques. One
technique is static slicing, which is used to identify all the program codes that
can modify some variable. It is generally useful in refactoring program codes and
was specifically useful in assuring Y2K compliance. The software maintenance
phase is an explicit part of the waterfall model of the software development
process which was developed during the structured programming movement of
computer programming. The other major model, the spiral model developed during
the object oriented movement of software engineering, makes no explicit mention
of a maintenance phase. Nevertheless, this activity is notable, considering the
fact that two-thirds of a software system's lifetime cost involves maintenance.
In a formal software development environment, the developing organization or team
will have some mechanisms to document and track defects and deficiencies.
Software just like most other products, is typically released with a known set of
defects and deficiencies. The software is released with the issues because the
development organization decides the utility and value of the software at a
particular level of quality outweighs the impact of the known defects and
deficiencies.
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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

The known issues are normally documented in a letter of operational considerations


or release notes so that the users of the software will be able to work around the
known issues and will know when the use of the software would be
inappropriate for particular tasks.
With the release of the software, other undocumented defects and deficiencies
will be discovered by the users of the software. As these issues are reported to
the development organization, they will be entered into the defect tracking system.
The people involved in the software maintenance phase are expected to work on
these known issues, address them, and prepare for a new release of the software,
known as maintenance release, which will address the documented issues.

LIST OF VERBS (Basic)

Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past y el Past Participle agregando -ed al infinitivo.
Los verbos irregulares no siguen esta regla (se encuentran marcados con i ).

Infinitive

Simple Past

Past Participle

Spanish

answer

answered

answered

responder

arrive

arrived

arrived

llegar

ask

asked

asked

preguntar

be i

was / were

been

ser

borrow

borrowed

borrowed

tomar prestado

break i

broke

broken

romper

buy i

bought

bought

comprar

catch i

caught

caught

atrapar

clean

cleaned

cleaned

limpiar

22

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

climb

climbed

climbed

escalar

collect

collected

collected

coleccionar

come i

came

come

venir

compose

composed

composed

componer

cook

cooked

cooked

cocinar

cut i

cut

cut

cortar

dance

danced

danced

bailar

describe

described

described

describir

discover

discovered

discovered

descubrir

do i

did

done

hacer

drink i

drank

drunk

beber

drive i

drove

driven

conducir

eat i

ate

eaten

comer

enjoy

enjoyed

enjoyed

disfrutar

fall i

fell

fallen

caer

feel i

felt

felt

sentir

find i

found

found

encontrar

fly i

flew

flown

volar

forget i

forgot

forgotten

olvidar

give i

gave

given

dar

go i

went

gone

ir

happen

happened

happened

suceder

have i

had

had

tener

23

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

help

helped

helped

ayudar

hurt i

hurt

hurt

herir, doler

invent

invented

invented

inventar

invite

invited

invited

invitar

kill

killed

killed

matar

know i

knew

known

saber

lend i

lent

lent

prestar

leave i

left

left

dejar

lie i

lay

lain

yacer

like

liked

liked

gustar

live

lived

lived

vivir

look

looked

looked

mirar

love

loved

loved

amar

make i

made

made

hacer

meet i

met

met

conocer, encontrar

miss

missed

missed

perder, extraar

open

opened

opened

abrir

pack

packed

packed

empacar

pay i

paid

paid

pagar

phone

phoned

phoned

llamar por telfono

play

played

played

jugar

prefer

preferred

preferred

preferir

prepare

prepared

prepared

preparar

24

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

push

pushed

pushed

empujar

put i

put

put

poner

rain

rained

rained

llover

read i

read

read

leer

remember

remembered remembered

recordar

rent

rented

rented

alquilar

rescue

rescued

rescued

rescatar

return

returned

returned

volver, devolver

ring i

rang

rung

llamar por telfono

save

saved

saved

ahorrar

say i

said

said

decir

search

searched

searched

buscar

see i

saw

seen

ver

sell i

sold

sold

vender

sit i

sat

sat

sentarse

skate

skated

skated

patinar

ski

skied

skied

esquiar

sleep i

slept

slept

dormir

smell

smelled

smelled

oler

speak i

spoke

spoken

hablar

spend i

spent

spent

gastar

start

started

started

comenzar

stay

stayed

stayed

quedarse

25

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

stop

stopped

stopped

detener

study

studied

studied

estudiar

survive

survived

survived

sobrevivir

swim i

swam

swum

nadar

take i

took

taken

tomar

talk

talked

talked

hablar

teach i

taught

taught

ensear

tell i

told

told

decir

think i

thought

thought

pensar

throw i

threw

thrown

lanzar

touch

touched

touched

tocar

try

tried

tried

intentar

use

used

used

usar

visit

visited

visited

visitar

wait

waited

waited

esperar

walk

walked

walked

caminar

want

wanted

wanted

querer

wash

washed

washed

lavar

watch

watched

watched

mirar

wear i

wore

worn

llevar puesto

work

worked

worked

trabajar

write i

wrote

written

escribir

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Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

LIST OF VERBS (Advanced)


Infinitive

Simple Past

Past Participle

Spanish

add

added

added

agregar

answer

answered

answered

responder

apologise

apologised

apologised

disculparse

arrest

arrested

arrested

arrestar

arrive

arrived

arrived

llegar

ask

asked

asked

preguntar

attack

attacked

attacked

atacar

be i

was / were

been

ser

become i

became

become

convertirse

begin i

began

begun

comenzar

believe

believed

believed

creer

boil

boiled

boiled

hervir

book

booked

booked

reservar

borrow

borrowed

borrowed

tomar prestado

break i

broke

broken

romper

bring i

brought

brought

traer

build i

built

built

construir

buy i

bought

bought

comprar

catch i

caught

caught

atrapar

carry

carried

carried

llevar

change

changed

changed

cambiar

27

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

chop

chopped

chopped

picar

clean

cleaned

cleaned

limpiar

climb

climbed

climbed

escalar

collect

collected

collected

colleccionar

come i

came

come

venir

compose

composed

composed

componer

cook

cooked

cooked

cocinar

copy

copied

copied

copiar

cut i

cut

cut

cortar

dance

danced

danced

bailar

describe

described

described

describir

destroy

destroyed

destroyed

die

died

died

morir

discover

discovered

discovered

descubrir

discuss

discussed

discussed

discutir

do i

did

done

hacer

draw i

drew

drawn

dibujar

dream i

dreamt/dreamed

dreamt/dreamed

soar

drink i

drank

drunk

beber

drive i

drove

driven

conducir

dye

dyed

dyed

teir

eat i

ate

eaten

comer

enjoy

enjoyed

enjoyed

disfrutar

28

destruir

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

explode

exploded

exploded

explotar

extinguish

extinguished

extinguished

extinguirse

fall i

fell

fallen

caer

feed i

fed

fed

alimentar

feel i

felt

felt

sentir

fight i

fought

fought

pelear

find i

found

found

encontrar

fly i

flew

flown

volar

forget i

forgot

forgotten

olvidar

freeze i

froze

frozen

congelar

fry

fried

fried

frer

give i

gave

given

dar

go i

went

gone

ir

grow i

grew

grown

crecer

happen

happened

happened

suceder

hate

hated

hated

odiar

have i

had

had

tener

hear i

heard

heard

or

help

helped

helped

ayudar

hire

hired

hired

alquilar

hope

hoped

hoped

esperar

hunt

hunted

hunted

cazar

hurt i

hurt

hurt

herir, doler

29

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

imagine

imagined

imagined

imaginar

invent

invented

invented

inventar

invite

invited

invited

invitar

jump

jumped

jumped

saltar

keep i

kept

kept

guardar

kill

killed

killed

matar

know i

knew

known

saber

leave i

left

left

dejar

lend i

lent

lent

prestar

lie i

lay

lain

yacer

lie

lied

lied

mentir

lift

lifted

lifted

levantar

like

liked

liked

gustar

listen

listened

listened

escuchar

live

lived

lived

vivir

look

looked

looked

mirar

lose i

lost

lost

perder

love

loved

loved

amar

make i

made

made

hacer

meet i

met

met

conocer, encontrar

miss

missed

missed

perder, extraar

offer

offered

offered

ofrecer

open

opened

opened

abrir

30

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

pack

packed

packed

empacar

pass

passed

passed

pasar, aprobar

pay i

paid

paid

pagar

peel

peeled

peeled

pelar

phone

phoned

phoned

llamar por telfono

plan

planned

planned

planificar

play

played

played

jugar

pour

poured

poured

verter

prefer

preferred

preferred

preferir

prepare

prepared

prepared

preparar

push

pushed

pushed

empujar

put i

put

put

poner

rain

rained

rained

llover

read i

read

read

leer

reduce

reduced

reduced

reducir

remember

remembered

remembered

recordar

rent

rented

rented

alquilar

rescue

rescued

rescued

rescatar

return

returned

returned

volver, devolver

ring i

rang

rung

llamar por telfono

run i

ran

run

correr

save

saved

saved

ahorrar

say i

said

said

decir

31

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

search

searched

searched

buscar

send i

sent

sent

enviar

scream

screamed

screamed

gritar

see i

saw

seen

ver

sell i

sold

sold

vender

shine i

shone

shone

brillar

shut i

shut

shut

cerrar

sing i

sang

sung

cantar

sit i

sat

sat

sentarse

skate

skated

skated

patinar

ski

skied

skied

esquiar

sleep i

slept

slept

dormir

smell

smelled

smelled

oler

snore

snored

snored

roncar

speak i

spoke

spoken

hablar

spend i

spent

spent

gastar

start

started

started

comenzar

stay

stayed

stayed

quedarse

steal i

stole

stolen

robar

stop

stopped

stopped

detener

study

studied

studied

estudiar

survive

survived

survived

sobrevivir

swim i

swam

swum

nadar

32

Profesorado del CONSUDEC

Materia: Ingls I
Modalidad a Distancia

take i

took

taken

tomar

talk

talked

talked

hablar

teach i

taught

taught

ensear

tell i

told

told

decir

thank

thanked

thanked

agradecer

think i

thought

thought

pensar

throw i

threw

thrown

lanzar

touch

touched

touched

tocar

try

tried

tried

intentar

use

used

used

usar

visit

visited

visited

visitar

wait

waited

waited

esperar

walk

walked

walked

caminar

want

wanted

wanted

querer

warn

warned

warned

advertir

wash

washed

washed

lavar

watch

watched

watched

mirar

wear i

wore

worn

llevar puesto

win i

won

won

ganar

work

worked

worked

trabajar

write i

wrote

written

escribir

33

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