Graduate students thesis, a comprehensive summary of scientific study of postgraduate students and

an important academic document to show their research quality and achievements, is fundamental to
applying for and granting corresponding degree. Thesis writing is one of the basic training for
graduate students, so it is a must to put it into real practice. Supervisors are supposed to enhance their
guidance so as to ensure the quality.
Thesis writing should accord with related standards set by national and related departments. Doctors
thesis and Masters thesis have the same standards in writing except word limit, depth of theoretical
study, creative achievements, etc.

1 Requirements for the Contents

1.1 Title
The title should be concise and accurate in reflecting the key and specific information of the thesis
with no more than 25 words.
Habitually, most words used in the title are nouns. Uncommonly used abbreviations, acronyms,
characters, codes and equations, etc. should be avoided. In case that the title has multiple layers in
contents and that it is hard to simplify, it is recommended to use subtitles for supplement and
clarification of the title. However, when the title and subtitle appear simultaneously in different places
of the thesis, they should be kept all the same.
1.2 Thesis Copyright Use Authorization

1.3 Declaration
1.4 Abstract and Key Words
1.4.1 Abstract
Abstract, a concise presentation of the main contents is an independent and integral passage which
can offer necessary information without going through the whole dissertation. Major contents of the
Abstract should be equivalent to the dissertation so that readers can decide whether it is of necessity to
read through the whole dissertation and information in the Abstract can be adopted as secondary
document. The Abstract is supposed to specify the objectives, methods, results and conclusions of the
research work with a focal point at results and conclusions.

1.4.2 Key Words

Key Words are theme entry for retrieval use, so it is better to use common technical terms (Refer
to corresponding technical term standards) that can cover the major points of the whole thesis. The
key words usually have 3-8 words that are arranged in a newline at the bottom of the Abstract with
conspicuous characters. The Key Words should be semantic with clear source from the paper and
stand in line with paper characteristics.

1.5 Contents
It refers to a collection of all titles in the paper, including serial number, titles and their starting page
of Introduction, Chapters or brief summary (conclusion or discussion), bibliography, annotation,
indexes, etc.

1.6 The Body

The body includes Introduction, the Main Body, Conclusion and Annotation. The body begins at the
right page after the contents page.
1.6.1 Introduction

The Introduction, usually placed in the first chapter, includes academic background and theoretical &
practical significance, home and abroad literature review, source of the study and its main contents,
goals, procedures and methods, etc.
1.6.2 Main Body
The main body, as the main parts of the thesis, has no uniform rules due to difference in subjects,
choice of topics, research methods, expression of results, but it should be based on facts and give
readers a clear, logical and complete organization in a concise and coherent way.
The main body usually has the following parts:
Whole scheme design and elected demonstration;
Design calculation of each part (software and hardware);
Feasibility, validity of test program design and test data handling and analysis;
Theoretical analysis: Conduct a comprehensive and objective theory elaboration on research contents
and results with a key stress on innovative and practical points of the study. In theoretical analysis,
write separately and give reference to others research achievement, and show a clear distinction
between yours and others. Those who quote theory and achievement in other field into the present
study, should give the source of the theory and discuss its feasibility and validity.
Theses in management and humanity are supposed to include discussion and systematic analysis of
the researched problem, comparative study, pattern layout or schematic design, case reasoning,
interpretation of result or suggestions of the model operation, improvement measures, etc.
Theses in natural science should be correct in reasoning, clear in conclusion and no scientific errors.
The annotation refers to text used for further explanation of characters, words or phrases in the thesis.
It is generally arranged either at page footer (footnotes), or after the thesis (endnotes), or among lines
in the thesis itself. It is recommendable if the author can control the quantity of annotation.
1.6.3 Conclusion
The conclusion for academic thesis should be arranged as a separate chapter, but in no need of serial
number.
The Conclusion is a summary of the major achievements in the paper, so in this part, the author
should put explicitly the creative achievement or innovative points (new theory, novel ideas and
views) as focal point, forecast and estimate their application prospect and social, economic value, and
point out the outlook and imagination of the research work in this direction. For this part, the words
are usually within 2,000.
For doctoral thesis, it is a must to point out the innovative points of the study and where they are
shown in the paper.

1.7 Acknowledgement
Show thanks to the supervisor and organizations and individuals who have given help or guidance in
the completion of the thesis in a concise and practical way. Special thanks should also be given to the
project sponsor.

1.8 Bibliography
The Bibliography includes literature data referred to and cited during thesis writing period. In
principle, the literature referred to by doctoral candidates should be no less than 100 articles and by
master candidates 50 articles. For all postgraduates, the foreign bibliography should be no less than
1/3 of the total bibliography.

1.9 Papers Published During the Degree Period

At the end of the thesis, all academic papers related to the degree published during the degree period

should be listed.

2 Writing Standards
2.1 Word Number
For doctoral thesis in science and engineering, 80,000-90,000 words are required
; and words for the literature review part should be no less than 15,000 words.
2.2 Thesis Writing
The thesis is supposed to be printed.
The type area is sized to be 160mm~250mm excluding header and footer. The doctoral thesis is
required to be printed on both sides with the odd number on the right hand of the header and the even
number on the left hand of the header. For each page, it is about 38 words ~34 lines printing
characters (excluding header and footer). The forepart of the main body like abstract, contents, names
and symbols of physical quantity, should be arranged separately by use of roman numbers. For the
main body part and the parts after it, the pages should be Arabic numbers. All the pages should be
sized to be A4.

2.3 Abstract
The words for the abstract (by words) of a master thesis should be more than 500, and of doctoral
thesis 1,000-2,000. There is no need to write the thesis title on the abstract page.

2.4 Contents
The contents should include titles of all chapters and their pages. See as follows:
Titles of the main body (It is required to have titles of the third level, namely, . . )
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
Appendix
Papers published during the degree period ( should be either master or doctor)
Index (optional)

2.5 The Main Body

2.5.1 Chapters and Titles of Chapters
The main body should be subdivided into chapters with each new chapter a new page.
be done in accordance with GB/T7714-2005 by use of either
sequential encoding or first element and date method, but make sure that it is unified through the
whole thesis.
Example 1: Sequential encoding of citing single document
German scholars N. Cross studies the tertiary fractures control over tertiary system near Basel,
Swiss [235]
Example 2: Sequential encoding of citing multiple documents
Mollards study of the joint format of the stable region [255 256]
Example 3: First element and date method with the authors name and publication year
The substructure method originated from solution to finite element analysis of large, complex
structure like airplane (Przcmicnicki, 1968).
Example 4: First element and date method with publication year
Brodaway et. al (1986) reported that the adding of protease into artificial food can inhibite the
growth and development of a range of insects.
It is prohibited to put works cited at the titles of different layer.

2.7 Terminology
Terms of science and technology and names of equipments and components is supposed to use

terminology or names specified in national or ministerial standards. Those terms that have not
specified in the standards are suggested to use the general terms or names. Some special terms or new
expressions should be given explanation or annotation in proper place.
English abbreviations should be given the full words in brackets when they appear in the thesis for
the first time except widely used common abbreviations in the industry.

2.8 Names and symbols of the physical quantity and unit of measurement
2.8.1 Names and symbols of the physical quantity
Names and symbols of the physical quantity should meet the requirement of GB3100 3102 and be
unified through the whole thesis.
Symbols of the physical quantity should be italicized. Subscripts for physical quantity symbols
should be italicized too.
2.8.2 Timing Unit of Physical Quantity
Timing unit and symbols of physical quantity should be applied in accordance with criteria for
quotations and references listed in 2.18. It is a must to use lowercases for units of measurement except
that units named after people should be capitalized.
Units of non-physical quantity (such as piece, person, times, set, element, ) are supposed to use the
method of mixing the character and unit line number, for example, 10,000 t.km t/(Person .a) .
In manuscript narration, Chinese symbols can be used for units of measurement after indefinite
numbers, e.g. Several kg to 1000kg
Chinese units of measurement can be used for time expression, e.g. 8:45 am can not be written as
8h 45min. Standardized form should be chosen for symbols of units of measurement.

2.9 Roman and Italics for English Letters

It is ruled in GB3100 3102 that symbols of physical quantity, physical constant and variable
symbols are set in italics and units of measurement is set in Roman.

2.10 Numbers
According to Trial Regulations about Numeral Use on Publications by State Language Work
Committee and other 6 organizations in 1987, except for some habitual use of Chinese numbers, all
others should be Arabic.

2.11 Formula

2.12 Inserted Table

No left or right side line is necessary for the table. The table should be arranged by use of
internationally-recognized three-line tables.
The sequential number of the table is arranged via chapters, e.g. the first inserted table in chapter 1 is
Table 1-1. Leave one blank line between the sequential number and its name. No punctuations are
needed in the name of the table. The sequential number and its name is placed in the middle of the line
above the table.
The table header should be concise and no slashes are recommended. Chemical signs or physical

quantity symbols can be used in the header.

If the same unit is applied in the Table, the unit symbols should be moved to the right corner of the
header with parenthesis.
Data in the Table should be correct in expression and clear in handwriting. Use (two digits) for
the place without numbers. If the characters or numbers are the same in the upper and down or the
right and left, banner approach is adopted and no or ditto is allowed.
The explanatory notes in the table are supposed to be left a blank space for the first line of a new
paragraph and no blank space for other lines in the paragraph. No punctuation is needed at the end of
the sentence.
If a table needs arranging in a second page, serial number of the table should be repeated in the
following page. The serial number is followed by table title (imissible) and
continued
and they
are both placed above the table.
The table continued should repeat the table header.

2.13 Illustrations
The illustration should work in tight fit with characters. The technology contents are correct and the
selected graphs should be concise.
2.13.1 Drafting Standard
All illustrations should accord with national and related professional standards.
Mechanical engineering drawings: First angle projection is adopted so as to go in strict accordance
with Mechanical Drafting GB4457 4460 GB131-83.
Electrical Diagram: graphic symbols, letter symbols, etc. should conform to related stipulations on
standards.
Flow chart: In principle, it is suggested to use structured program and the flow block diagram in a
correct way.
Graphs without any specified standards are supposed to apply frequently-used techniques of painting
for the industry.
2.13.2 Graph Caption and Description
Each graph should have a caption (including figure number and title). The figure number is arranged
by chapters, e.g. The figure number of the first graph in chapter 1 should be Graph 1-1 etc. The
caption, set below the graph, is written in the middle. Drawing statement or other description is set
above the caption. The title is arranged one blank space after the figure number. The reference graphs
should credit the original source with reference document no. on the right corner of the caption. If
there is detail drawing for the graph, use a , b , etc. under the detail drawing.
Chinese (except quoted foreign figure) or number should be used for description of each part in the
graph. The explanatory notes should be placed above the caption (if there is detail drawing, they
should be placed above the detail drawing.)
2.13.3 Illustration Arrangement
The illustration and its caption work as a whole and cannot be taken apart into two pages. If the blank
space in the page cannot be arranged to present the whole graph, it is suggested to arrange the
description part first and move the graph to the very front of the next page.
2.13.4 Coordinate Units
It is a must to indicate coordinate units if there are coordinate graphs marked with figures.
2.13.5 Photographs and Illustrations in the Original Thesis
Photographs in the original thesis should be pasted with photos of original edition. No copy is
allowed. The photos can be black-and- white or colorful and they should emphatic in meaning
expression, distinct in gradation, appropriate in contrast. Glossy paper, rather than Matte Finish, is
recommended for the picture. Magnification times have to be mentioned for Metallographic

microstructure.
No copies can be allowed for illustrations in the original thesis. As to intricate reference graphs, it is
suggested to use draft maps printed from the computer after inputting into it via digitalization
instruments.

2.14 Bibliography
The bibliography should be put in line with GB/T 7714-2005. See as follows the rules for the item
generation and order of the commonly used bibliography:

If the conference publishes proceedings, the word proceedings should be attached to the
conference name. If the conference does not publish proceedings, leave out publisher and
publication year. If the conference location is the same as the publication location, leave out
publication location.
If the conference year is the same as the publication year, leave out publication year.
It is not recommendable to use product manual, all kinds of standards, articles published at
newspapers and unpublished research reports (except well-known internal report like PB, AD report
and enterprise technology report of eminent corporation) as bibliography.

2.15 Academic Papers Published during the Degree Period

The writing form is the same as the references.

2.16 Appendix
For those distinctive contents needed to be included in the academic dissertation but not appropriate
for writing in the main body, such as additional data, information and detailed formula derivation,
they can be arranged into Appendix. The sequence number can be used as Appendix 1, Appendix
2 etc.

2.17 Index
For the convenience of retrieval of the contents, an index can be put after the thesis (as needed). The
index uses the key words in the thesis as the clue, and indicates the pages of the related contents. The

index should be written in both Chinese and English, and Chinese should be put in the first place.

2.18 Criteria for Quotations and References

The provisions in the following documents become provisions of this part via citation of this part in
GB/T7713. For those reference documents that mark the date, their following modification or revised
edition are not applicable for this part. For those reference documents without marking the date, the
newest edition is applicable to this part.

3 Printing Requirements
3.1 Typeface
Titles with Chinese font should be boldface. The main body part should be Song typeface, and
foreign language and figures should be Times New Roman typeface.

3.2 Word size

Preface and titles of each chapter 18, boldface
First preface and title of each chapter 15. boldface
Second preface and title of each chapter 14, boldface
Third preface and title of each chapter 12, boldface
Provisions all in 12, boldface
Main body, 12, Song typeface

3.3 The Header

There should be page header on each page. Add a Wenwu line on alternate lines on each type page, 3
pound, and it should be placed in the middle. The content of the page header should beXX University
Doctoral degree thesis, word size should be 14, black body. Besides this content, any other content
cannot be put in the page header.
The doctoral thesis is required to be printed on both sides with the odd number on the right hand of
the header and the even number on the left hand of the header.

The page footer also use Wenwu line, 3 pounds.

3.4 Inside Cover (Title Page)

The detailed information about paper title, supervisor, and organization etc should be
written in the inside page.