Spring, 2014-15

PARTIAL DERIVATIVES AND ITS APPLICATION

Exercise 5.1
1. Find fx,fy, fxx, fxy, fyx,and fyy, where
(a) f(x,y) = x2y + xy2,
(b) f(x,y) = sin(xy )+ exy,
3
2
2
(c) f(x,y) = x +3x y +3xy +y3(d) f(x,y) = (3x +y2) tan (x y),
(e) f(x,y) = x2sin y + cos (x2 + y2).
2. Show thatfxy = fyxfor the following functions.
(a) f(x,y) = xy2 y sin x,
(b) f(x,y) = ln (x2 + y2),
(c) f(x,y) = xy/(x + y).
V
y

V
x

x V y V V 2x.

y
3. If V = x ln (x + y ) 2y tan (y/x), find
and
, and verify that x
y
u z x
x u y u z u 0.
x
x
y
y
z
4. If
, show that x
y
x u y u
u xy 1
u sin 1 ( x ) tan 1 ( )

y
x

y
y
x
5. Evaluate
when (a)
,
(b)
.
2

-1

2u 2u 0
2 y 2
6. Verify theLaplace equation x
, where
x
ax
(a) u e cos ay ,
(b) u e ( x cos y y sin y ) (c) V = ln (x2 + y2) +2 tan-1(y/x)
y
2x
x
(d) V e cos 2 y
(e) V e sin y e cos x .
2
z
2 z
c
( c 0)
x 2
7. Show that the function satisfies heat equation t
x
x
z e t sin
z e t cos
c .
c
(a)
(b)
8. The relation ship between the pressure P , the volume V and the temperature T of one mole
of CO2 is given by the Van der Waals equations of state ,

RT
a
2
V b V
where R=8.31 J/mpl.K is the universal gas constant, a, b are proportionality constants.
2P
P
.
2
Evaluate V and V
P

x V y zVx z xVy
9. If V = ln(x + y + z ), prove that yz
, and
2

2V 2V 2V
2
x 2
y 2
z 2
x2 y 2 z 2

10. If u = ln (x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz), show that

u u u
3
x y z x y z .
11. If Show that a function of the form u f ( x ct ) g ( x ct ) , (c 0) satisfies the

Spring, 2014-15
2
2u
2 u

c
.
2
x 2
waveequation t

12. Verify Eulers theorem for the following functions.

(a)

f ( x, y ) x 3 y 3

, (b)

f ( x, y ) sin

x2 y 2
xy ,

(c)

f ( x, y , z )

x3 y3 z3
u arctan x y z
xu x yu y zu z sin 2u
13. If
, prove that
.
x y z
u arc sin
xu x yu y zu z 1 tan u
x y z
2

14. If

, prove that

x2 y2 z 2
y z
.

dy
15. Find dx , given that
x
(a) xy e sin y 0 ,
(b) x
sin x
y
5.
(c) (ln x) (sin y )

y x an ,

u u u 0.
x y z

16. If u = f(z-x, x-y, y-z), prove that

1 1 1 1 1 1
u f( , , )
x y y z z x , prove that
17. If

x 2 u u z 2 u 0.
x y
z

Exercise 5.2
1. Find the total differential of the following functions:
2
z
(a) f ( x, y ) e cos( x y )
(b) g ( x, y ) sin( x y )
(c)

h( x, y , z ) x 2 y1 / 2 z 2

2. The total resistance R of two resistances R1 and R2 connected in parallel is given by

1
1
1

R R1 R2 .
2

(a) Show that

R
R
dR1
dR2 .
dR
R1
R2

(b) Suppose that R1 and R2 are measured to be 200 ohms and 400 ohms, respectively,
with error in R1 is 2% and in R2 is 3%. Find the maximum percentage error in the
calculated value of R .
3. The frequency of vibration f, of a guitar string is given by the equation
is the tension, l is the length, and m is the mass per unit length.

l T
m , where T

Spring, 2014-15

Given that the error in l is 3%, in m is 5% and in T is 2%, find approximately the
maximum possible error in the measurement of f.
4. Newtons Law of Gravitation states that the force of attraction F, between two bodies of
mm
F G 12 2
r
masses m1 and m2 , a distance r apart is given by
, where G is a constant.
If m1 is measured with an error of at most 2%, m2 with an error of 5% and r with an
error of no more that 1%, find the maximum possible percentage error in computing F.
5. Find all the relative maxima, relative minima, and saddle points of the following
functions, if any.
2 2
2
2
3
2
(a) z x y x y
(b) z 2 x 6 xy 3 y
3
2
3
3
2
2
(c) z xy x y (d) z x y 3 x 3 y 8
4
2 2
2
2
(e) z x 4 x y 2 x 2 y 1.
2
2
6. Find the points on the curve 17 x 12 xy 8 y 100 that are closest to and farthest
away from the origin.

7. A closed rectangular box with a volume of 16 m 3 is made from two kinds of materials.
The top and bottom are made of material costing Tk.100 per square meter and the sides
from material costing Tk.50 per square meter. Find the dimensions of the box so that the
cost of materials is minimized.
8.The volume of a rectangular box without top is to be 500 m3. Find the minimum
surface area.
9. Find the minimum value of

d x 2 y 2 z 2 subject to the constraint 5 x 2 y 3z 19.

10. Find the maxima and minima of the following functions subject to the constraints given.
2
2
2
2
(a) x y subject to y 2 x 1
(b) x y subject to x / 2 y / 3 1
2
2
(c) 3 x 2 y subject to 2 x 3 y 3

2
2
2
(d) 2 x y z subject to x y z 6

2 2 2
2
2
2
(e) 3 x y z subject to x y z 1
2
2
(f) x y z subject to x y 2 and x z 1.