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GROUP :
EXPERIMENT
: HOOKES LAW
DATE PERFORMED
: 11 FEBRUARY 2009
Remarks :
SEMESTER
PROGRAMME/CODE
No
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(2008293172)
(2008424824)
(2008293072)
(2008291992)
(2008292022)
Title
Abstract/Summary
Introduction
Aims/Objective
Theory
Procedure
Apparatus
Results
Calculations
Discussions
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Appendices
Total
Checked by :
SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Rechecked by :
Marks (%)
INTRODUCTION
When an object vibrates or oscillates back and forth , over the same
path , each vibration taking the same amount of time , the motion is
periodic. The simplest form of periodic motion is represented by an object
oscillating on the end of a uniform coil spring . Because many other types of
vibrational motion closely resemble this system , we will look at it in detail.
We assume that the mass of the spring can be ignored, and that the
spring is mounted horizontally, so that the object of mass m slides without
friction on the horizontal surface. Any spring has a natural length at which it
exerts no force on the mass m. The position of the mass at this point is
called the equilibrium position . If the mass is moved either to the left , which
compress the spring , or to the right, which stretches it, the spring exerts a
force on the mass that acts in the direction of turning the mass to the
equilibrium position; hence it is called a restoring force .
F = -kx
OBJECTIVES
THEORY
F=kx
The relationship is called Hookes Law
The constant k, is called the spring constant, or stiffness
coefficient. An additional approach is possible. One definition of simple
harmonic motion (SHM) is that it is motion under a linear, Hookes Law
restoring force. For such a motion it have from Newtons Second Law.
F= -kx = ma
The minus sign appears since in this case the acceleration of the
object in SHM is in the direction opposite to the force causing it where k is
again the spring constant and m is the mass which under motion and a refers
to gravitational force where it is equal to 9.81m/s^2. The provides an
additional method for testing whether the spring obeys Hookes Law.
PROCEDURES
1. The hanger was hang assembly on the notch of the Hookes Laws
apparatus.
2. The scale was adjusted vertically, so that the 0cm mark is parallel to
the disc.
3. 3 to 4 masses has been hang on the hang such that the total
displacement of the ring is not greater than 10cm but not less than
2cm. this total mass which included both masses and hanger has been
entered with the corresponding displacement in the data in Table1.
4. one mass has been removed and the new data and total mass and the
corresponding displacement has been entered.
5. The previous step has been repeated until all masses has been
removed.
6. steps 3-5 was repeated with different spring and all values has been
entered into data in Table 2
APPARATUS
Disc
Hanger
RESULT
4N/m
Data table 1
# of masses
4
3
2
1
8N/m
Data table 2
# of masses
4
3
2
1
Displacement (cm)
5.0
3.7
2.0
0.4
Displacement (cm)
6.5
4.5
2.5
0.5
ANALYSIS
4N/m
Analysis Table 1
Displacement (m)
0.050
0.037
0.020
0.004
Force (N)
0.200
0.148
0.080
0.016
8N/m
Analysis Table 2
Displacement (m)
0.065
0.045
0.025
0.005
Force (N)
0.52
0.36
0.20
0.04
CONCLUSIONS /QUESTIONS
y= force
x=displacement of the spring
m=spring constant
b=interception
6. y=8x-0.2
0.6=8x-0.2
x=0.1m
y=4x+0.0.26
0.426=4x+0.026
x=0.1m
DISCUSSION
As we know in hookes Law it states that the restoring force of a spring is
directly proportional to a small displacement. In equation form, we write
(F=kx). Where F is the force, k represent spring constant and x is the size of
displacement. The proportionality constant k is specific for each spring. The
main objective of this is to determine the spring constant k. Displacement is
measured in meters. We use the value of 50g, 40g, 30g, and 20g for both
spring constant 4 n/m and 8n/m.
Note that the restoring spring force is given by hookes Law as kx. This
equilibrium can be expressed as :
F=Kx
Since F is the weight of the added mass; Therefore, the spring constant k is
the slope of the straight line F versus x plot.
Force is mass times the acceleration of gravity or W=mg where g is about
980 cm/sec or 98. Using this relationship force are computed for the masses
in the table above. Data from this table are plotted on the graph.
In this experiment, there are two problem that can be happen or the
precaution that can be concern with. Firstly, before start this experiment we
must check first whether the spring that we will use are in good condition
before the experiment so that the experiment run smoothly. Other than that
is when reading the scale of the spring, where our eye should be parallel with
the scale to avoid parallax error occur while taking the readings. Besides, we
must take the correct decimal places for all the value of the results in order
to get a precisely reading.
RECOMMENDATION
1. Make sure the spring in good condition.
2. The eye of the reader should be parallel to the reading.
3. Make sure that the spring that hanged the mass did not bouncing
when reading the scale because it might affect the readings.
4. Take the correct decimal places for each reading.
5. Students must understand and go through the lab manual first before
doing the experiment.
6. Students must have overall overview about the experiment.
7. The experiment should be done in a closed air room to avoid any air
resistance that will influenced the readings of the scale.
REFERENCE
MANUAL LAB
ENGENEERING PYHSICS LABAROTORY (CHE 175)
APPENDICES