Pushover de Una Placa de 7 Pisos

Fundamentals of Seismic Design
FUNDAMENTALS OF SEISMIC DESIGN

Assignment #2
Limit State Analysis

MEEES Student:
Jos Martn Velsquez Vargas
E-mail:
jvelasquez@uptrujillo.edu.pe
Professor:
Jos Restrepo
Assistant Professor: Matthew Tobolski
October, 2006
Pavia, Italy
MEEES student: Jos Velsquez
PROBLEM 4
Description of the problem
A static pushover analysis is performed by hand on a cantilever wall, in order to determine the
base shear vs. top story displacement relationship. The structure has a total of 7 stories with a
clear height of 2.5m between floors with an 800mm slab at each level. The cross sections of
the wall are shown in figure 1 bellow.
Figure 1. Cross sections of the slabs. (1) 1st floor section. (2) Floors from 2nd to 7th.
The pushover analysis is performed for two load cases with lower and upper bound axial loads
of 100 kN/floor and 500 kN/floor, respectively. It has also been determined that an
appropriate rotational soil spring has a stiffness of 1.25 x 106 kN-m/rad representing the use
of a pile foundation.
The moment-curvature relationships for all the floors and both load axial bounds are
developed by means of the Xtract program (Imbsen and Associated, 2006). The geometry, the
material properties, the reinforcement distribution and the confinement properties are all
shown in figures 1 and 2.
A typical moment-curvature run using program Xtract is shown in figure 3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 2. Material properties. (a) Unconfined concrete. (2) Confined concrete (Mander model). (3) Steel model.
Figure 3. Typical moment-curvature run using the Xtract interface.
1. STATIC PUSHOVER CURVES

In order to plot the pushover curves, the following limit strains are considered for the
materials.
Table 1. Strain limits for the pushover analysis.

ci
cii
ciii
civ
si
sii
siii
siv
Limit strains
Concrete tensile strain
Onset of concrete cover spalling
Deep of concrete cover spalling
Crushing of confined concrete core
Steel yielding strain
Outermost tensile strain
Onset of bar buckling (es-ec)>
Long. bar fracture for ec<=-0.004
and (es-ec)>
0.007%
-0.400%
-0.400%
4.560%
0.219%
1.000%
3.750%
5.000%
A displacement controlled pushover analysis is performed over the critical section (base
section). In summary the steps followed to plot the pushover curves were:
In an increasing way, a limit strain is defined and its correspondent curvature is

read from the moment-curvature relationship at the base. Also the related moment
from this diagram is read.
With the moment at the base, the load distribution is calculated and the bending
moment diagram for the entire wall. In this analysis, a triangular-shaped distributed
load is assumed along the height of the wall.
From the moments at every floor, the corresponding curvatures are read from
their moment-curvature relationships.
Once the curvature diagram is plotted, by means of numerical integration, the

displacement associated with the current limit strain is computed.
These steps are repeated for all the limit strains. From the case sii, plasticity is already
considered to be developed and 2 hinges are assumed to be concentrated at the first floor.
Also when unloading takes place at the base, the other sections are considered to unload with
the yielding stiffness.
The pushover curves are shown in figure 4. Damage states are defined based on the strain
limits. In the upper load ciii could be considered as the actual ultimate stage because this is
when unloading takes place and it is expected that the wall perform unstable behavior. This
means ductility for the upper bound case is much lower than that of the lower bound case.
However, it is clearly seen that for the upper bound case the strength is increased.
Base shear (kN)
Base Shear vs. Drif Ratio
600
sii
500
ciii
Lower bound (100 kN/floor)
cii
Upper bound (500 kN/floor)
si
DSII
400
siv
cii
300
siii
ciii
sii
DSIII
ci
si
200
siii
DSI
100
siv
ci
0
0.00%
0.00m
0.50%
1.00%
0.20m
1.50%
2.00%
0.40m
2.50%
0.60m
3.00%
3.50%
0.80m
4.00%
Drift ratio
1.00m
Roof displacement
Figure 4. Static pushover curve for lower and upper bound axial cases with the definition of damage states.
2. MOMENT-CURVATURE DIAGRAMS OF ALL THE FLOORS

Moment-curvature for all stories (lower bound: axial load = 100kN/floor)
1st floor - 700 kN

2nd floor - 600 kN
8000
3rd floor - 500 kN

4th floor - 400 kN
7000
5th floor - 300 kN

6th floor - 200 kN
Moment (kN-m)
6000
7th floor - 100 kN

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
Curvature x wall length (rad)
Figure 5. Moment-curvature diagrams for all stories and lower bound axial load case of 100 kN/floor.
0.20
Moment-curvature for all stories (upper bound: axial load = 500kN/floor)
1st floor - 3500 kN

2nd floor - 3000 kN
8000
3rd floor - 2500 kN

7000
4th floor - 2000 kN

5th floor - 1500 kN
Moment (kN-m)
6000
6th floor - 1000 kN

7th floor - 500 kN
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
Curvature x wall length (rad)
Figure 6. Moment-curvature diagrams for all stories and upper bound axial load case of 500 kN/floor.
0.20
In figures 5 and 6 moment-curvatures diagrams are plotted for all 7 floors and both axial load
cases. The curvatures are normalized to the wall length.
For the lower bound case the moment strength goes from 8000 to 5000 kN-m as the height
increases. However the ultimate curvature in the first floor is appreciately decreased due to the
high axial load.
For the upper bound case the moment strength goes from 8500 to 4000 kN-m as the height
increases. However the ultimate curvature in the first floor is significantly decreased due to the
high axial load. This gives and idea that plastic hinges may develop in the second floor as well
due to the low ductility of the first floor.
3. STRAIN LIMITS DEFINITION FOR THE BASE OF THE WALL
The strain limits from table 1 are identified for the base section and for axial load cases. Both
plots are shown in figure 7
In the lower bound curve, siv takes place before civ. This means that the steel fractures before
the concrete can keep on using its remaining strength. Since there is no tell at this stage, the
section cannot resist moment anymore. This is way, the moment-curvature diagram is taken
until siv only.
In the upper bound curve, loss of strength is developed. In this case ciii must be taken as the
ultimate practical stage. This is due to the fact that when the section loses strength it usually
has an unstable behavior and the ductility cannot be well developed. Just for theoretical
analysis, all the limits are shown in figure 7.
Moment-curvature for the base section (upper and lower bounds)

9000
Upper bound (500 kN/m)
sii
8000
cii
Lower bound (100 kN/m)
ciii
si
7000
Moment (kN-
6000
cii
siii
siv
ciii
5000
sii
4000
ci
si
3000
siii
2000
siv =civ
ci
1000
0
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Curvature x Wall length (rad)
Figure 7. Strain limits for the base section and lower and upper bound axial load cases.
4. STEP-BY-STEP RESULTS
In the following figures, for each strain limit state it is shown the first mode distribution
(triangular-shaped), the bending moment diagram, the associated curvature distribution (based
on moment-curvature for each floor) for both load cases, and the displacement profile. The
displacements are derived by means of Integration.
Limite State:
ci
Limit State Description: Concrete tensile strain = 0.007%
Damage State:
DSI
Upper axial load: 100 kN/floor

Lower axial load: 500 kN/floor
Curvature (rad/m)
Moment diagram (kN-m)
Force distribution (kN/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0
0.00
0.00
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
2.00E-04
0.00
0.00E+00
1.00E-04
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19
80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
1.40E-07
1 91E-06
1.91E-06
2.93E-06
7.31E-06
9.08E-06
1.56E-05
1.80E-05
2.62E-05
2.90E-05
3.92E-05
4.24E-05
5.35E-05
5.63E-05
6.75E-05

Moment (kN-m)
Shear (kN) Deflection (m) Curvature (rad/m)
0.00
0.00
0.034
0.00E+00
2.53
6.28
0.033
2.79E-07
41 43
41.43
24 48
24.48
0 029
0.029
4 52E-06
4.52E-06
63.17
29.85
0.028
6.89E-06
157.43
45.19
0.024
1.72E-05
195.38
49.65
0.022
2.13E-05
335.57
62.14
0.018
3.66E-05
386.72
65.68
0.017
4.22E-05
563.43
75.32
0.013
6.15E-05
624.75
77.95
0.012
6.83E-05
828.57
84.74
0.009
9.07E-05
897.06
86.46
0.007
9.82E-05
1118.57
90.39
0.004
1.25E-04
1191.22
91.19
0.003
1.32E-04
1421.00
92.27
0.000
1.61E-04

Moment (kN-m)
Shear (kN) Deflection (m)
0.00
0.00
0.080
5.92
14.71
0.077
97 06
97.06
57 35
57.35
0 068
0.068
148.00
69.93
0.065
368.81
105.88
0.055
457.72
116.31
0.053
786.15
145.58
0.043
905.97
153.88
0.040
1319.95
176.46
0.031
1463.62
182.62
0.029
1941.11
198.52
0.020
2101.57
202.54
0.017
2620.50
211.76
0.010
2790.69
213.64
0.007
3329.00
216.17
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.026
From foundation (m)
Remaining wall (including hinges, m)
0.008
Total (m)
0.034
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.062
0.019
Total (m)
0.080
5.00
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
Limite State:
cii
Limit State Description: Onset of concrete cover spalling = -0.4%
Damage State:
DSI

Curvature (rad/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
1.00E-02
0.00
0
0.00
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 00
0.00
0.00E+00
5.00E-03
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
1.75
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
4.66E-07
7.27E-06
1.11E-05
2.76E-05
3.25E-05
1.97E-04
2.63E-04
4.63E-04
4.97E-04
7.00E-04
7.67E-04
1.15E-03
1.52E-03
3.08E-03
3.08E 03
1.07E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.645
9.52
23.65
0.621
156.01
92.19
0.545
237.89
112.40
0.520
592.82
170.19
0.444
735.74
186.96
0.420
1263.65
234.01
0.344
1456.24
247.34
0.320
2121.68
283.65
0.246
2352.61
293.54
0.222
3120.12
319.10
0.151
3378.04
325.56
0.129
4212.16
340.38
0.062
4485.72
343.40
0.042
4744.10
345.47
0.024
5351.00
347.47
0.000
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
6.99E-07
1.15E-05
1.76E-05
4.37E-05
5.43E-05
1.02E-04
1.10E-04
3.69E-04
3.51E-04
6.73E-04
6.57E-04
1.05E-03
1.00E-03
1.21E-03
1.21E 03
5.16E-03

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.445
15.08
37.48
0.429
247.20
146.07
0.376
376.96
178.10
0.359
939.36
269.67
0.307
1165.82
296.25
0.290
2002.33
370.80
0.238
2307.51
391.93
0.221
3361.94
449.46
0.170
3727.86
465.14
0.154
4944.02
505.64
0.105
5352.72
515.87
0.090
6674.43
539.35
0.045
7107.91
544.14
0.032
7517.32
547.42
0.020
8479.00
550.58
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.099
From foundation (m)
0.546
Total (m)
0.645
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.157
0.289
Total (m)
0.445
5.00
0.70
0
70
0.60
0
60
0.50
0
50
0.40
0
40
0.30
0
30
0.20
0
20
0.10
0
10
0.00
0.00
0 00
Limite State:
ciii
Limit State Description: Deep of concrete cover spalling -0.4%
Damage State:
DSII

Curvature (rad/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0
0.00
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
1.50E-02
1.00E-02
0 00
0.00
0.00E+00
5.00E-03
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
1.75
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
4.66E-07
7.30E-06
1.11E-05
2.78E-05
3.51E-05
1.97E-04
2.70E-04
4.63E-04
5.30E-04
7.00E-04
8.00E-04
1.18E-03
1.70E-03
3.00E-03
3.00E 03
1.28E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.728
9.63
23.95
0.701
157.96
93.34
0.615
240.87
113.80
0.588
600.24
172.32
0.502
744.95
189.30
0.475
1279.47
236.94
0.390
1474.48
250.44
0.363
2148.24
287.20
0.279
2382.07
297.22
0.253
3159.18
323.10
0.172
3420.33
329.64
0.147
4264.90
344.64
0.071
4541.89
347.70
0.048
4803.50
349.80
0.027
5418.00
351.82
0.000
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
6.99E-07
1.15E-05
1.75E-05
4.36E-05
5.41E-05
1.01E-04
1.10E-04
3.65E-04
3.47E-04
6.67E-04
6.51E-04
1.04E-03
9.93E-04
1.18E-03
1.18E 03
5.68E-03

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.464
15.01
37.30
0.446
246.06
145.40
0.392
375.23
177.28
0.374
935.04
268.43
0.320
1160.46
294.89
0.302
1993.12
369.10
0.248
2296.90
390.13
0.231
3346.47
447.39
0.178
3710.72
463.00
0.161
4921.28
503.31
0.110
5328.10
513.50
0.094
6643.73
536.87
0.047
7075.22
541.63
0.033
7482.74
544.91
0.021
8440.00
548.05
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.100
From foundation (m)
0.628
Total (m)
0.728
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.156
0.308
Total (m)
0.464
5.00
0.70
0 70
0.60
0 60
0.50
0 50
0.40
0 40
0.30
0 30
0.20
0 20
0.10
0 10
0.00
0.00
0 00
Limite State:
civ
Limit State Description: Crushing of confined concrete core 4.56%
Damage State:
DSIII

Curvature (rad/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0
0.00
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
3.50E-02
3.00E-02
2.50E-02
2.00E-02
1.50E-02
1.00E-02
5.00E-03
0 00
0.00
0.00E+00
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
1.75
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
3.73E-07
6.19E-06
9.41E-06
2.35E-05
2.91E-05
1.31E-04
1.97E-04
3.64E-04
4.30E-04
5.67E-04
6.34E-04
7.76E-04
8.45E-04
9.44E-04
9.44E 04
3.64E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
1.577
8.09
20.10
1.519
132.59
78.35
1.339
202.19
95.53
1.281
503.86
144.65
1.102
625.33
158.91
1.044
1074.02
198.89
0.864
1237.71
210.23
0.807
1803.29
241.08
0.628
1999.57
249.49
0.572
2651.90
271.22
0.395
2871.11
276.71
0.340
3580.06
289.30
0.167
3812.57
291.87
0.113
4032.17
293.63
0.062
4548.00
295.32
0.000
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
6.99E-07
1.15E-05
1.75E-05
4.36E-05
5.41E-05
1.01E-04
1.10E-04
3.65E-04
3.47E-04
6.67E-04
6.51E-04
1.04E-03
1.06E-02
1.06E-02
1.06E 02
1.51E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.843
1.92
4.78
0.811
31.55
18.64
0.712
48.10
22.73
0.681
119.87
34.41
0.582
148.77
37.80
0.551
255.52
47.32
0.452
294.46
50.01
0.421
429.01
57.35
0.323
475.71
59.36
0.292
630.90
64.52
0.197
683.06
65.83
0.167
851.72
68.83
0.076
907.04
69.44
0.048
959.28
69.86
0.025
1082.00
70.26
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.084
From foundation (m)
1.493
Total (m)
1.577
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.020
0.823
Total (m)
0.843
5.00
0.00
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
1
60 1
50 1
40 1
30 1
20 1
10 1
00 0
90 0
80 0
70 0
60 0
50 0
40 0
30 0.20
0 20 0.10
0 10 0.00
0 00
Limite State:
si
Limit State Description: Steel yielding strain = 0.219%
Damage State:
DSI

Curvature (rad/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0
0.00
0.00
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
1.50E-03
1.00E-03
0.00
0.00E+00
5.00E-04
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19
80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
2.79E-06
5 12E-06
5.12E-06
7.82E-06
1.95E-05
2.18E-05
4.42E-05
5.09E-05
2.95E-04
2.98E-04
4.63E-04
4.67E-04
6.67E-04
6.75E-04
8.43E-04

Moment (kN-m)
Shear (kN) Deflection (m) Curvature (rad/m)
0.00
0.00
0.159
0.00E+00
6.73
16.72
0.152
6.05E-07
110 29
110.29
65 17
65.17
0 133
0.133
9 69E-06
9.69E-06
168.18
79.46
0.127
1.48E-05
419.11
120.32
0.107
3.68E-05
520.15
132.18
0.101
4.57E-05
893.36
165.44
0.081
8.11E-05
1029.52
174.87
0.075
9.20E-05
1499.97
200.53
0.056
2.29E-04
1663.23
207.53
0.050
2.14E-04
2205.83
225.60
0.033
4.60E-04
2388.17
230.16
0.028
4.35E-04
2977.87
240.64
0.014
7.30E-04
3171.27
242.77
0.010
6.92E-04
3783.00
245.65
0.000
1.01E-03

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.225
12.68
31.50
0.217
207 81
207.81
122 80
122.80
0 190
0.190
316.90
149.72
0.181
789.69
226.71
0.154
980.07
249.05
0.146
1683.29
311.72
0.119
1939.84
329.48
0.111
2826.26
377.84
0.085
3133.88
391.03
0.077
4156.27
425.07
0.052
4499.84
433.68
0.045
5610.96
453.41
0.023
5975.37
457.44
0.017
7128.00
462.86
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.070
From foundation (m)
0.089
Total (m)
0.159
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.132
0.093
Total (m)
0.225
5.00
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00
Limite State:
sii
Limit State Description: Outermost tensile strain = 1.0%
Damage State:
DSI

Curvature (rad/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0
0.00
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
4.00E-03
3.00E-03
2.00E-03
0 00
0.00
0.00E+00
1.00E-03
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
1.75
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
4.02E-07
6.57E-06
1.00E-05
2.50E-05
3.11E-05
1.64E-04
2.34E-04
3.97E-04
4.64E-04
6.34E-04
7.00E-04
1.01E-03
1.01E-03
3.77E-03
3.77E 03
3.77E-03

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.368
8.63
21.46
0.354
141.55
83.64
0.309
215.84
101.98
0.295
537.87
154.41
0.250
667.54
169.63
0.236
1146.52
212.32
0.192
1321.26
224.42
0.178
1925.01
257.35
0.134
2134.54
266.34
0.121
2830.90
289.52
0.081
3064.92
295.39
0.068
3821.72
308.83
0.032
4069.93
311.57
0.021
4304.35
313.45
0.013
4855.00
315.26
0.000
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
6.99E-07
1.15E-05
1.75E-05
4.37E-05
5.42E-05
1.01E-04
1.10E-04
3.67E-04
3.49E-04
6.70E-04
6.54E-04
1.04E-03
9.97E-04
1.19E-03
1.19E 03
3.85E-03

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.393
15.04
37.38
0.378
246.59
145.71
0.332
376.03
177.66
0.317
937.04
269.01
0.270
1162.94
295.52
0.255
1997.37
369.88
0.209
2301.80
390.96
0.194
3353.61
448.34
0.149
3718.63
463.99
0.135
4931.78
504.39
0.092
5339.46
514.60
0.079
6657.90
538.01
0.040
7090.31
542.79
0.028
7498.70
546.07
0.018
8458.00
549.22
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.090
From foundation (m)
0.279
Total (m)
0.368
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.156
0.237
Total (m)
0.393
5.00
0.40
0 40
0.30
0 30
0.20
0 20
0.10
0 10
0.00
0.00
0 00
Limite State:
siii
Limit State Description: Onset of bar buckling (es-ec)> 3.75%
Damage State:
DSII

Curvature (rad/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0
0.00
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
1.50E-02
1.00E-02
0 00
0.00
0.00E+00
5.00E-03
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
1.75
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
4.66E-07
7.30E-06
1.11E-05
2.78E-05
3.51E-05
1.97E-04
2.70E-04
4.63E-04
5.30E-04
7.00E-04
8.00E-04
1.18E-03
1.70E-03
3.00E-03
3.00E 03
1.14E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.674
9.58
23.80
0.648
157.03
92.79
0.569
239.45
113.13
0.543
596.70
171.30
0.464
740.55
188.19
0.439
1271.91
235.54
0.360
1465.77
248.96
0.334
2135.56
285.50
0.257
2368.00
295.46
0.232
3140.52
321.19
0.158
3400.13
327.69
0.135
4239.71
342.60
0.065
4515.06
345.64
0.044
4775.13
347.73
0.025
5386.00
349.74
0.000
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
6.99E-07
1.15E-05
1.75E-05
4.36E-05
5.41E-05
1.01E-04
1.10E-04
3.65E-04
3.47E-04
6.67E-04
6.51E-04
1.04E-03
3.84E-03
3.84E-03
3.84E 03
1.12E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.613
4.81
11.95
0.590
78.80
46.57
0.518
120.17
56.78
0.495
299.46
85.97
0.423
371.65
94.44
0.400
638.32
118.21
0.328
735.61
124.94
0.305
1071.74
143.28
0.235
1188.40
148.28
0.212
1576.09
161.19
0.144
1706.38
164.45
0.122
2127.73
171.94
0.058
2265.91
173.46
0.038
2396.43
174.51
0.021
2703.00
175.52
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.100
From foundation (m)
0.574
Total (m)
0.674
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.050
0.564
Total (m)
0.613
5.00
0.70
0 70
0.60
0 60
0.50
0 50
0.40
0 40
0.30
0 30
0.20
0 20
0.10
0 10
0.00
0.00
0 00
Limite State:
siv
Limit State Description: Long. bar fracture for ec<=-0.004 and (es-ec)> 5%
Damage State:
DSIII

Curvature (rad/m)
20
20.00
15
15.00
10
10.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0
0.00
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
3.50E-02
3.00E-02
2.50E-02
2.00E-02
1.50E-02
1.00E-02
5.00E-03
0 00
0.00
0.00E+00
Deflection (m)
Height (m)
Deflection
23.10
22.30
19.80
19.00
16.50
15.70
13.20
12.40
9.90
9.10
6.60
5.80
3.30
2.50
1.75
0.00
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
2.79E-07
7.31E-06
1.12E-05
2.79E-05
3.52E-05
1.97E-04
2.80E-04
4.63E-04
5.20E-04
7.20E-04
8.00E-04
1.18E-03
1.70E-03
3.00E-03
3.00E 03
1.49E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.809
9.60
23.87
0.779
157.46
93.05
0.684
240.12
113.45
0.654
598.36
171.78
0.559
742.61
188.71
0.529
1275.45
236.20
0.435
1469.85
249.66
0.405
2141.50
286.30
0.312
2374.59
296.29
0.283
3149.27
322.08
0.193
3409.60
328.60
0.165
4251.52
343.56
0.080
4527.64
346.61
0.054
4788.42
348.70
0.030
5401.00
350.71
0.000
Curvature (rad/m)
0.00E+00
6.99E-07
1.15E-05
1.75E-05
4.36E-05
5.41E-05
1.01E-04
1.10E-04
3.65E-04
3.47E-04
6.67E-04
6.51E-04
1.04E-03
1.06E-02
1.06E-02
1.06E 02
1.51E-02

Moment (kN-m)
0.00
0.00
0.843
1.92
4.78
0.811
31.55
18.64
0.712
48.10
22.73
0.681
119.87
34.41
0.582
148.77
37.80
0.551
255.52
47.32
0.452
294.46
50.01
0.421
429.01
57.35
0.323
475.71
59.36
0.292
630.90
64.52
0.197
683.06
65.83
0.167
851.72
68.83
0.076
907.04
69.44
0.048
959.28
69.86
0.025
1082.00
70.26
0.000
From foundation (m)
0.100
From foundation (m)
0.709
Total (m)
0.809
20.00
15.00
10.00
0.020
0.823
Total (m)
0.843
5.00
0.00
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
1
60 1
50 1
40 1
30 1
20 1
10 1
00 0
90 0
80 0
70 0
60 0
50 0
40 0
30 0.20
0 20 0.10
0 10 0.00
0 00

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Fundamentals of Seismic Design

FUNDAMENTALS OF SEISMIC DESIGN

Limit State Analysis

Jos Martn Velsquez Vargas

Assistant Professor: Matthew Tobolski

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

Figure 3. Typical moment-curvature run using the Xtract interface.

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

1. STATIC PUSHOVER CURVES

Table 1. Strain limits for the pushover analysis.

In an increasing way, a limit strain is defined and its correspondent curvature is

Once the curvature diagram is plotted, by means of numerical integration, the

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

Base shear (kN)

Base Shear vs. Drif Ratio

Lower bound (100 kN/floor)

Upper bound (500 kN/floor)

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

2. MOMENT-CURVATURE DIAGRAMS OF ALL THE FLOORS

1st floor - 700 kN

3rd floor - 500 kN

5th floor - 300 kN

7th floor - 100 kN

Curvature x wall length (rad)

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

Moment-curvature for all stories (upper bound: axial load = 500kN/floor)

1st floor - 3500 kN

3rd floor - 2500 kN

4th floor - 2000 kN

6th floor - 1000 kN

Curvature x wall length (rad)

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Fundamentals of Seismic Design

Moment-curvature for the base section (upper and lower bounds)

Upper bound (500 kN/m)

Lower bound (100 kN/m)

Curvature x Wall length (rad)

MEEES student: Jos Velsquez

Upper axial load: 100 kN/floor

Moment diagram (kN-m)

Force distribution (kN/m)

Lower bound (100 kN/floor)

Upper bound (500 kN/floor)

From foundation (m)

From foundation (m)

Remaining wall (including hinges, m)

Remaining wall (including hinges, m)

Upper axial load: 100 kN/floor

Moment diagram (kN-m)

Force distribution (kN/m)

Lower bound (100 kN/floor)

Upper bound (500 kN/floor)

From foundation (m)

From foundation (m)