NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION TO IDENTIFY MODAL PARAMETERS

CONSIDERING FIBER ORIENTATION OF FLEXIBLE COMPOSITE

WING

Eduardo Araujo
2014

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION TO
IDENTIFY MODAL PARAMETERS
CONSIDERING FIBER ORIENTATION
OF FLEXIBLE COMPOSITE WING
MODELS
der L. Oliveira*1, Roberto G. A. da Silva2, Adolfo G. Marto2, Eduardo F. R.
de Araujo3
1

Instituto Tecnolgico de Aeronutica

eder@ita.br

Instituto de Aeronutica e Espao

agmarto@iae.cta.br, gil@ita.br

Engineering Scientific Simulation Software

eduardo.araujo@esss.com.br

INTRODUCTION

Introduction
Purposes of this work:
to understand the influence of different fiber orientations of thin composite
wing models on modal parameters.
to observe the influence of a piezoelectric (PZT) actuator in modal
parameters
This work is related to intelligent structures, i.e., to have the ability to control
some displacements and stresses through some information collecting sensor
like PVDF films, and to actuate through PZT .

Introduction
Numerical Modal Analyses (NMA) is performed
with ANSYS Workbench
5 simplified wing Models with different
unidirectional carbon fiber orientation were
modeled.
The model is a coupled model:
Composite Structure modeled using ACP and later parametrized
1 PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) actuator
1 PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) sensor.

Introduction

Smart material influence observed

- structural damping
- local stiffness
- mass
Fiber orientation influence
- natural frequencies
- Vibration modes / twist vibration modes / flutter speed

Introduction

This
work
was
verified
through
experiments. See references [6] and [11].

Numerical Model Description

Numerical model

Numerical model

Figure 1. Composite wing model, dimensions and nominal orientation [6]

Numerical Model : Properties

Figure2: Numerical model and material properties

Initial Numerical Model (INM)

Classical Laminate Teory (CLT) INM

The INM creates using ANSYS uses the complete stress-strain relation.

Shear Moduli

Initial Numerical Model (INM)

Classical Laminate Theory (CLT) [6]

Reduced stiffness
Engineering shear strain
Normal strain
Normal stress
Transverse shear stress

stress-strain relation in principal

material coordinates for a lamina
of an orthotropic material under
plane stress.

Check Step for Geometry and Meshing

Composite Modeling, Modal Analysis and

Harmonic Response with Electric Excitation

Numerical Model
Relevant Data
Composite wing model: SHELL181
Piezoelectric elements: SOLID226
Number of elements: 14300
Number of nodes: 20300
Mechanical loading values (displacements) due
the difference of potential (Volts) imposed via
APDL.

Numerical Model
Stiffness matrix

Piezoelectric constants

Permittivity
Coupling Matrix:
T - stress
D electric displacement
S - strain
E electric field

Numerical Model

Difference of electric potential is converted in displacement and

applied as harmonic effort.
APDL commands
cmsel,s,Ground_lower_surface_Piezo,node
d,all,volt,0
cmsel,s,Load_upper_surface_piezo,node
d,all,volt,17
allsel

Numerical Model Description

Results: Numerical model

Results - Numerical Model

Mode Shapes (Fiber Direction 0 degrees) are presented as reference

1st Mode Shape

2nd Mode Shape

3rd Mode Shape

Results NM and EM comparison

Fiber direction 0 degrees

1st NM

1st EM

NM Numerical modes by Ansys

EM - Experimental modes by [3]

2nd EM

2nd NM

Results - Numerical Model

Model is parametric
Fiber direction may be a variable (Input)
Frequency Response Data may be Output for each variable

Results - Numerical Model

0,30,45,60 and 90 degrees were considered
Results for fiber direction 45 degrees are
presented here

Results Experimental x Numerical Modal

Analysis (45 degrees)

Numerical

Experimental

1st Mode Shape

2nd Mode Shape

3rd Mode Shape

Results - Numerical Model

Bode diagram: Amplitude X-Direction and Phase

Fiber direction 45 degrees

Results - Numerical Model

Bode diagram: Amplitude Y-Direction and Phase

Fiber direction 45 degrees

Results - Numerical Model

Bode diagram: Amplitude Z-Direction and Phase

Fiber direction 45 degrees

Results Experimental Model

Measurements were done using Vibrometer Laser and PVDF

One of objectives of this work was to validate the usage fo PVDF device as sensor
Image below shows the measurements obtained from the laser vibrometer and from the
PVDF for the same experiment (same conditions) [11]

Note: Mobility (V/F)

Results - Numerical Model

Bode diagram: Velocity Z-Direction and Phase

Fiber direction 45 degrees

Conclusions
Coupled piezoeletric model available through Ansys r15

One may perform Modal and Harmonic Analysis

Results shows a good agreement between mode shape
calculated numerically and the experimental ones
Results show that variations in the orientation have a
significant influence on the stiffness, mode shapes and
characteristic frequencies
Next work step is to compare these numerical results with
experimental by EMA of the same flexible composite wing
models, and to perform aeroelastic analyses using wind
tunnel testing.

References

[1] C. E. de Souza, A. G. Marto, R. G. A. Silva, L. A. Inojosa, E. L. Oliveira, Characterization

of Flexible Composite Wings Through Experimental and Operational Modal Analyses,
DINAME 2013: Proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of
Mechanics, M.A. Savi (Editor) (2013).

[2] . L. Oliveira, A. G. Marto, R. G. A. da Silva, Thin Aeroelastic Wing Finite Element

Model Updating with Experimental modal Analysis Results, Proceedings of COBEM 2011,
21st International Congress of Mechanical Engineering, October 24-28, 2011, Natal, RN,
Brazil.

[3] C. E. Prazzo, Anlise Modal de uma Estrutura do Tipo Viga Usando Materiais
Piezeltricos (PVDF) Como Sensores (in portuguese), Dissertao de mestrado em
Engenharia Mecnica - UNESP. Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira., 2011.

[4] C. dos S. Guimares, Shape Control of Structures Using Piezoelectric Components,

2010, 109f. Trabalho de Concluso de Curso. (Graduao) ITA, So Jos dos Campos.

[5] ANSYS Mechanical APDL Technology Demonstration Guide, release 14.5 SAS IP, Inc
Canonsburg ,nov 2011

[6] C. E. de Souza, Nonlinear Aeroelasticity of Composite Flat Plates, 2012, 170f. Thesis of
Doctor in Science Technological Institute of Aeronautics, So Jos dos Campos.

References

[7] C. dos S. Guimares, F. L. de S. Bussamra, V. P. Bundiger, J. A. Hernandes,

Structural Shape Control Using Macro Fiber Composite Piezoelectric Sensors and
Actuators , Mecnica Computacional Vol XXIX, pgs. 8263-8279 (artculo completo)
Eduardo Dvorkin, Marcela Goldschmit, Mario Storti (Eds.) Buenos Aires, Argentina,
15-18 Noviembre 2010.

[8] R. M. Jones, Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2nd ed. Washington: Scripta

Book Co., 1999.

[9] J. Reddy, Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates: theory and analysis, Boca
Raton: CRC Press, 1997.

[10] D. J. Ewins, Modal Testing: theory and practice Letchworth: Reserch Studies
Press Ltd, 1986.

[11] Oliveira, E.L. Application of Piezoeletric materials as sensor and actuator for
aeroelastic investigation, Master of Science Thesis presented to Instituto Tecnologico
de Aeronautica, So Jose dos Campos, Brasil, 2014

[12]Kostetzer, L. Piezoeletric Simulation with Ansys, ESSS, Florianpolis, Brasil,

2013

Acknowledgments