APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS

II-A & II-B SI:

CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Volume flow rate
Method II-A: No minor losses
Example Problem 11.3
Uses Equation 11-3 to estimate the allowable volume flow rate
Figure 11.7
to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1
System Data:
SI Metric Units
Pressure at point 1 =
415 kPa
Elevation at point 1 =
0m
Pressure at point 2 =
200 kPa
Elevation at point 2 =
0m
Energy loss: hL =
21.92 m
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
9.81 kN/m3
Pipe data: 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.1023 m
Wall roughness: = 4.60E-05 m
Length: L =
100 m
Area: A = 8.21E-03 m2
D/ = 2223.913
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Method II-B: Use results of Method IIA;
Include minor losses;
then pressure at Point 2 is computed
Additional Pipe Data:
L/D =
978
Flow Velocity =
2.44 m/s
Velocity head =
0.302 m
Reynolds No. = 2.17E+05
Friction factor: f =
0.0185
Energy losses in Pipe:
K
Qty.
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
18.11

Kinematic viscosity = 1.15E-06 m2/s

Visco Dinamica
Densidad
Results: Maximum values
Volume flow rate: Q =
0.0412 m3/s
Velocity: v =
5.02 m/s
Volume flow rate: Q =
Given: Pressure p1 =
Pressure p2 =

Using Eq. 11-3

0.0200 m3/s

415 kPa
344.17 kPa
NOTE: Should be >
200 kPa
Adjust estimate for Q until p2
is greater than desired pressure.
Velocity at point 1 =
2.44 m/s |--> If velocity is in pipe:
Velocity at point 2 =
2.44 m/s |--> Enter "=B24"
Vel. head at point 1 =
0.302 m
Vel. head at point 2 =
0.302 m
Energy loss hL1 =

5.47 m Friction

Energy loss hL2 =

1.75 m

Elemento 3: K3 =

Energy loss hL3 =

0.00 m

Element 4: K4 =

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 m

Element 5: K5 =

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

Element 6: K6 =

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m

Element 7: K7 =

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 m

Element 8: K8 =

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 m

Total energy loss hLtot =

7.22 m

Elemento 2: K2 =

5.78

TIPO
Le/D
V-Globo Abierta por completo
V-ngulo Abierta por completo
V-Compuerta Abierta por completo
3/4 abierta
1/2 abierta

340
150
8
35
160

Vidrio
Plastico
Tubo Extruido
Acero comercial
Hierro Galvan

1/4 abierta
V-Verificacion Tipo Giratorio
V-Verificacion Tipo Bola
V-Mariposa AbComp 2 a 8 pulg
10 a 14 pulg
16 a 24 pulg
V-Pie Tipo Disco de Vstago
V-Pie Tipo Disco de Bisagra
Codo Estandar 90
Codo 90 Radio Largo
Codo Roscado 90

900
100
150
45
35
25
420
75
30
20
50

Hierro Ductil R
Hierro Ductil NR
Concreto BnFab
Acero Remachado

Codo Estandar 45
Codo Roscado 45
Vuelta Cerrado En Retono
Te Estandar Flujo Directo
Con en el Flujo Ramal

16
26
50
20
60

Tam Nominal de la Tuberia

MAT

Ft
1/2

0.027

3/4

0.025

0.023

1 1/4

0.022

1 1/2

0.021

0.019

2 1/2 ,3

0.018

3 1/2 ,4

0.017

5
6
08 a 10
12 a 16
18 a 24

0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012

Rugosidad
Liso
3.00E-07
1.50E-06
4.60E-05
1.50E-04
1.20E-04
2.40E-04
1.20E-04
1.80E-03

INTERP
Rela Diamteros

Ka

Kb

1.8

0.43

0.42

0
2

-0.29
0.51

-0.3
0.5

Vel

K
4.5
0.00
6

-0.29
-0.26
-0.3

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS

Objective: Volume flow rate
Problem 11.10

II-A & II-B US:

CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Method II-A: No minor losses
Uses Equation 11-3 to find maximum allowable volume flow rate
to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1
System Data:
US Customary Units
Pressure at point 1 =
125 psig
Elevation at point 1 =
18 ft
Pressure at point 2 =
40 psig
Elevation at point 2 =
38 ft
Energy loss: hL =
229.74 ft
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
49.01 lb/ft3
Pipe data: 4-in Sch 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.1723 ft
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft
Length: L =
110 ft
Area: A = 0.02333 ft2
D/ = 1148.667
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Method II-B: Use results of Method IIA;
Include minor losses;
then pressure at Point 2 is computed
Additional Pipe Data:
L/D =
638
Flow Velocity =
31.25 ft/s
Velocity head =
15.168 ft
Reynolds No. = 3.93E+05
Friction factor: f =
0.0199
Energy losses in Pipe:
K
Qty.
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
12.73
1
Element 2: K2 =

0.38

Element 3: K3 =

0.50

Element 4: K4 =

0.15

Element 5: K5 =

Kinematic viscosity = 1.37E-05 ft2/s

Visco Dinamica
Densidad
Results: Maximum values
Volume flow rate: Q =
0.7981 ft3/s
Velocity: v =
34.21 ft/s
Volume flow rate: Q =
Given: Pressure p1 =
Pressure p2 =

Using Eq. 11-3

0.7292 ft3/s

125 psig
40.00 psig
NOTE: Should be >
40 psig
Adjust estimate for Q until p2
is equal or greater than desired.
Velocity at point 1 =
0.00 ft/s |--> If velocity is in pipe:
Velocity at point 2 =
31.25 ft/s |--> Enter "=B24"
Vel. head at point 1 =
0.00 ft
Vel. head at point 2 =
15.17 ft
Energy loss hL1 =

193.16 ft Friction

Energy loss hL2 =

11.53 ft

Energy loss hL3 =

7.58 ft

Energy loss hL4 =

2.31 ft

0.00

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft

Element 6: K6 =

0.00

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 ft

Element 7: K7 =

0.00

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

Element 8: K8 =

0.00

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

Total energy loss hLtot =

214.58 ft

TIPO
Le/D
V-Globo Abierta por completo
V-ngulo Abierta por completo
V-Compuerta Abierta por completo
3/4 abierta
1/2 abierta

340
150
8
35
160

Vidrio
Plastico
Tubo Extruido
Acero comercial
Hierro Galvan

1/4 abierta
V-Verificacion Tipo Giratorio
V-Verificacion Tipo Bola
V-Mariposa AbComp 2 a 8 pulg
10 a 14 pulg
16 a 24 pulg
V-Pie Tipo Disco de Vstago
V-Pie Tipo Disco de Bisagra
Codo Estandar 90
Codo 90 Radio Largo
Codo Roscado 90

900
100
150
45
35
25
420
75
30
20
50

Hierro Ductil R
Hierro Ductil NR
Concreto BnFab
Acero Remachado

Codo Estandar 45
Codo Roscado 45
Vuelta Cerrado En Retono
Te Estandar Flujo Directo
Con en el Flujo Ramal

16
26
50
20
60

Tam Nominal de la Tuberia

MAT

Ft
1/2

0.027

3/4

0.025

0.023

1 1/4

0.022

1 1/2

0.021

0.019

2 1/2 ,3

0.018

3 1/2 ,4

0.017

5
6
08 a 10
12 a 16
18 a 24

0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012

Rugo pie
Liso
1.00E-06
5.00E-06
1.50E-04
5.00E-04
4.00E-04
8.00E-04
4.00E-04
6.00E-03

INTERP
Rela Diamteros

Ka
1.8

0.43

0
2

-0.29
0.51

Vel

K
4.5
0.00
6

-0.29
-0.26
-0.3

Kb
0.42
-0.3
0.5

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS

II-A & II-B SI:
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Volume flow rate
Method II-A: No minor losses
Example Problem 11.3
Uses Equation 11-3 to estimate the allowable volume flow rate
Figure 11.7
to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1
System Data:
SI Metric Units
Pressure at point 1 =
0 kPa
Elevation at point 1 =
Pressure at point 2 =
0 kPa
Elevation at point 2 =
Energy loss: hL =
10.00 m
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
9.73 kN/m3
Kinematic viscosity =
Pipe data: 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Visco Dinamica
Diameter: D =
0.0843 m
Densidad
Wall roughness: =
1.20E-04 m
Length: L =
55 m
Results: Maximum values
2
Area: A =
5.59E-03 m
Volume flow rate: Q =
D/ =
702.50
Velocity: v =
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Method II-B: Use results of Method IIA;
Include minor losses;
then pressure at Point 2 is computed
Additional Pipe Data 1:
L/D =
Flow Velocity =
Velocity head =
Reynolds No. =
Friction factor: f =
Energy losses in Pipe 1 :
K
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =

Volume flow rate: Q =

Given: Pressure p1 =
Pressure p2 =
NOTE: Should be >
Adjust estimate for Q until p

652
3.70 m/s
0.697 m
4.75E+05
0.0221

is greater than desired pressure.

Velocity at point 1 =
Velocity at point 2 =
Vel. head at point 1 =
Vel. head at point 2 =
Qty.
Energy loss hL1 =

14.39

Elemento 2: K2 =

1.00

Energy loss hL2 =

Elemento 3: K3 =

0.66

Energy loss hL3 =

Element 4: K4 =

0.45

Energy loss hL4 =

Element 5: K5 =

Energy loss hL5 =

Element 6: K6 =

Energy loss hL6 =

Element 7: K7 =

Energy loss hL7 =

Element 8: K8 =

Energy loss hL8 =

Additional Pipe Data 2:

L/D =
Flow Velocity =
Velocity head =
Reynolds No. =
Friction factor: f =
Energy losses in Pipe 2:
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =

Pipe data: 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe

Diameter: D =
Wall roughness: =
Length: L =
Area: A =
D/ =

192
1.081 m/s
0.060 m
2.57E+05
0.0199
Qty.

Energy loss hL1 =

3.8269

Elemento 2: K2 =

0.57

Energy loss hL2 =

Elemento 3: K3 =

1.00

Energy loss hL3 =

Element 4: K4 =

0.86

Energy loss hL4 =

Element 5: K5 =

Energy loss hL5 =

Element 6: K6 =

Energy loss hL6 =

Element 7: K7 =

Energy loss hL7 =

Element 8: K8 =

Energy loss hL8 =

Hl

CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS

TIPO
V-Globo Abierta por completo
V-ngulo Abierta por completo
V-Compuerta Abierta por completo
3/4 abierta
1/2 abierta

ate the allowable volume flow rate

at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1
10 m
0m

ompute:
6.56E-07 m2/s
9.50E-03
930

mum values
0.0207 m3/s
3.70 m/s

Using Eq. 11-3

0.0207 m3/s
0 kPa
-22.70 kPa
0 kPa

te for Q until p2

n desired pressure.
0.00 m/s |--> If velocity is in pipe:
0.00 m/s |--> Enter "=B24"
0.000 m
0.000 m

1/4 abierta
V-Verificacion Tipo Giratorio
V-Verificacion Tipo Bola
V-Mariposa AbComp 2 a 8 pulg
10 a 14 pulg
16 a 24 pulg
V-Pie Tipo Disco de Vstago
V-Pie Tipo Disco de Bisagra
Codo Estandar 90
Codo 90 Radio Largo
Codo Roscado 90
Codo Estandar 45
Codo Roscado 45
Vuelta Cerrado En Retono
Te Estandar Flujo Directo
Con en el Flujo Ramal
Densidad
Viscosidad Dinamica
Tam Nominal de la Tuberia

10.03 m Friction

1/2

0.70 m

3/4

0.92 m

0.32 m

1 1/4

0.00 m

1 1/2

0.00 m

0.00 m

2 1/2 ,3

0.00 m

3 1/2 ,4
5
6
08 a 10
12 a 16
18 a 24

n Schedule 40 steel pipe

0.156 m
1.20E-04 m
30 m
1.91E-02 m2
1300.00
0.23 m Friction
0.03 m
0.06 m
0.05 m
0.00 m

0.00 m
0.00 m
0.00 m
12.33

Le/D
340
150
8
35
160
900
100
150
45
35
25
420
75
30
20
50
16
26
50
20
60

Ft
0.027
0.025
0.023
0.022
0.021
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012

MAT
Rugo m
Rugo pie
Vidrio
Liso
Liso
Plastico
3.00E-07
1.00E-06
Tubo Extruid
1.50E-06
5.00E-06
Acero comerc 4.60E-05
1.50E-04
Hierro Galva
1.50E-04
5.00E-04
Hierro Ductil
Hierro Ducti
Concreto Bn
Acero Rema

1.20E-04
2.40E-04
1.20E-04
1.80E-03

4.00E-04
8.00E-04
4.00E-04
6.00E-03

INTERP
Rela Diamter Ka
1.8

Kb
0.45

0.43

1.85053381 0.46768683 0.45021352

2
0.52
0.51
Vel

K
3 0.46768683
4.31 0.45242681
4.5 0.45021352

APPLIED FLUID MECHAN

II-A & II-B SI:
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Volume flow raMethod II-A: No minor losses
TIPO
Example Problem 11.3
Uses Equation 11-3 to estimate the allowable volume flow rate
V-Globo Abie
Figure 11.7
to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at pointV-ngulo Abi
System DataSI Metric Units
V-Compuerta
e at point 1 =
0 kPa
n at point 1 =
10 m
3/4 abierta
e at point 2 =
0 kPa
n at point 2 =
0m
1/2 abierta
Energy loss: hL =
10.00 m
1/4 abierta
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
V-Verificacio
ific weight =
9.73 kN/m3
c viscosity =
6.56E-07 m2/s
V-Verificacio
Pipe data: 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipeVisco Dinami
9.50E-03
V-Mariposa A
Diameter: D =
0.0843 m
Densidad
930
10 a 14 pulg
Wall roughness: =
1.20E-04 m
16 a 24 pulg
Length: L =
55 m
Results: Maximum values
V-Pie Tipo D
Area: A =
5.59E-03 m2 Volume flow rate: Q =
0.0207 m3/s
Using Eq. 11-3 V-Pie Tipo D
D/ =
702.50
Velocity: v =
3.70 m/s
Codo Estand
Codo 90 Rad
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
low rate: Q =
0.0207 m3/s
Codo Roscad
Given:
Method II-B: Use results of Method
IIA;Pressure p1 =
0 kPa
Codo Estand
Pressure
p
=
Include minor losses;
-22.70 kPa
Codo Roscad
2
then pressure at Point 2 is computed
NOTE: Should be >
0 kPa
Vuelta Cerra
Adjust
estimate
for
Q
until
p
Additional Pipe Data 1:
Te Estandar
2
L/D =
652
is greater than desired pressure.
Con en el Flujo Ramal
ow Velocity =
3.70 m/s
y at point 1 =
0.00 m/s |--> If velocity is in pipe:
locity head =
0.697 m
y at point 2 =
0.00 m/s |--> Enter "=B24"
Densidad
ynolds No. =
4.75E+05
Vel. head at point 1 =
0.000 m
Viscosidad Dinamica
Friction factor: f =
0.0221
Vel. head at point 2 =
0.000 m
Energy losses
K
Qty.
Tam Nominal de la Tuberia
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
Energy loss hL1 =
14.39
10.03 m Friction
1/2
Elemento 2: K2 =

Energy loss hL2 =

0.70 m

3/4

Energy loss hL3 =

0.92 m

Energy loss hL4 =

0.32 m

1 1/4

Element 5: K5 =

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

1 1/2

Element 6: K6 =

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m

Element 7: K7 =

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 m

2 1/2 ,3

Element 8: K8 =

Energy loss hL8 =

Elemento 3: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =

1.00
0.66
0.45

0.00 m
Additional Pipe Data 2:
Pipe data: 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
L/D =
192
Diameter: D =
0.156 m
Wall
roughness:

=
ow Velocity =
1.081 m/s
1.20E-04 m
locity head =
0.060 m
Length: L =
30 m
ynolds No. =
2.57E+05
Area: A =
1.91E-02 m2
D/ =
Friction factor: f =
0.0199
1300.00
Energy losses in Pipe 2:
Qty.
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
Energy loss hL1 =
3.8269
0.23 m Friction
Elemento 2: K2 =
Elemento 3: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =

0.57
1.00
0.86

Energy loss hL2 =

0.03 m

Energy loss hL3 =

0.06 m

Energy loss hL4 =

0.05 m

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

3 1/2 ,4
5
6
08 a 10
12 a 16
18 a 24

Element 6: K6 =

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m

Element 7: K7 =

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 m

Element 8: K8 =

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 m
12.33

Hl

Le/D
340
150
8
35
160
900
100
150
45
35
25
420
75
30
20
50
16
26
50
20
60

iscosidad Dinamica
Ft
0.027
0.025
0.023
0.022
0.021
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012

MAT
Rugo m
Rugo pie
Vidrio
Liso
Liso
Plastico
3.00E-07
1.00E-06
Tubo Extruid
1.50E-06
5.00E-06
Acero comerc 4.60E-05
1.50E-04
Hierro Galva
1.50E-04
5.00E-04
Hierro Ductil
Hierro Ducti
Concreto Bn
Acero Rema

1.20E-04
2.40E-04
1.20E-04
1.80E-03

4.00E-04
8.00E-04
4.00E-04
6.00E-03

INTERP
Rela Diamter Ka
1.8

Kb
0.45

0.43

1.85053381 0.46768683 0.45021352

2
0.52
0.51
Vel

K
3 0.46768683
4.31 0.45242681
4.5 0.45021352