Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Study Material 1
Week 36
Dear students:
During the first 3 weeks we will go through basic Chinese pronunciation and Pinyin system.
Pronunciation Drill 1:
initials and finals
Initials (Consonants)
b
d
g
j
zh
z
p
t
k
q
ch
c
m
n
h
x
sh
S
f
l
Finals
a
ie
iao iu ian in iang ing
iong
i ia
uai ui
uan un uang ueng
U ua uo
e
an n
Initials in Mandarin
combine with finals a or ia
Bilabial
Stop (unaspirated)
Stop (aspirated)
Nasal
Fricative (voiceless)
Labiodental
dental
ba
pa
ma
alveolar
fa
sa
Lateral
Affricate (aspirated)
palatal
da
ta
na
Fricative (voiced)
Affricate (unaspirated)
retroflex
velar
ga
ka
sha
ra
xia
zha
cha
jia
qia
ha
la
za
ca
Initials in Mandarin
following Chinese convention
Bilabial
Stop (unaspirated)
Stop (aspirated)
Nasal
Fricative (voiceless)
Labiodental
dental
bo
po
mo
alveolar
retroflex
palatal
de
te
ne
fo
si
Fricative (voiced)
Lateral
Affricate (unaspirated)
Affricate (aspirated)
velar
ge
ke
shi
ri
xi
zhi
chi
ji
qi
he
le
zi
ci
-a
-an
-ang
-ai
-ao
ng
bn
bng
bi
bo
pn
png
pi
po
mn
mng
mi
mo
fn
fng
dn
dng
di
do
tn
tng
ti
to
nn
nng
ni
no
ln
lng
li
lo
gn
gng
gi
go
kn
kng
ki
ko
hn
hng
hi
ho
10
-i
-a
-an
-ang
-ai
-ao
zh
zh
zh
zhn
zhng zhi
zho
ch
ch
ch
chn
chng chi
cho
sh
sh
sh
shn
shng shi
sho
rn
rng
ro
zn
zng
zi
zo
cn
cng
ci
co
sn
sng
si
so
11
-o
-er
-e
-en
-eng
ng
-ei
-ou
-ong
bn
bng
bi
pn
png
pi
pu
mn
mng
mi
mu
fn
fng
fi
fu
di
du
dng
tu
tng
dng
tng
nn
nng
ni
nu
nng
ln
lng
li
lu
lng
gn
gng
gi
gu
gng
kn
kng
ki
ku
kng
hn
hng
hi
hu
hng
12
-e
-en
-eng
-ei
-ou
-ong
zh
zh
zhn
zhng
zhi
zhu zhng
ch
ch
chn
chng
sh
sh
shn
shng
rn
rng
zn
zng
cn
sn
chu chng
shi
shu
ru
rng
zu
zng
cng
cu
cng
sng
su
sng
zi
13
-ia
-iao
-ie
-iu
-ian
-in
-iang
-ing
-iong
yi
yo
yu
yn
yn
yng
yng
yng
b b
bio
bi
bin
bn
bng
p p
pio
pi
pin
pn
png
m m
mio mi
mi
min
mn
mng
d d
dio
di
di
din
dng
tio
ti
tin
tng
n n
nio
ni
ni
nin
nn
ning nng
lio
li
li
lin
ln
ling
li
lng
14
-ia
-iao
-ie
-iu
-ian
-in
-iang
-ing
-iong
ji
jio
ji
ji
jin
jn
jing
jng
jing
q q
qi
qio
qi
qi
qin
qn
qing qng
qing
x x
xi
xio
xi
xi
xin
xn
xing xng
15
-e
-an
-n
yu
yun
yn
ju
jun
jn
qu
qun
qn
xu
xun
xn
16
-u
-ua
-uo
-uai
-ui
-uan
wi
wi wn
-un
-uang
-ueng
wn wng
wng
m m
d
du
du
dun
dn
tu
tu
tun
tn
nu
nun
lu
lun
ln
gu
gu
gui
gu
gun
gn gung
ku
ku
kui
ku
kun
kn
hu
hu
hui
hu
hun
hn hung
kung
17
-ua
-uo
-uai
-ui
-uan
-un
zh
zh
zhu
zhu
zhui
zhung
ch
ch
chung
sh
ru
ru
run
rn
zu
zu
zun
zn
cu
cu
cun
cn
su
su
sun
sn
shun shn
-uang
shung
18
Pronunciation Drill 2:
tones
19
21
22
b
g
m
zh
cn
b
g
m
zh
cn
b b
g
g
m m
zh zh
cn cn
bi
bi
bo bn bn bng bng
bi
bio bin bn
bng
pi
po pu pn pn png png
pi
pio pin pn
png
24
mi mo mu mn mn mng
fi
fu
fn
fng fn fng
de
di
di
dng d
di
dio di
din dng
do
(as a verb)
du dn dng
25
ti
to tu tn tng tng t
ti
ne
ni ni no nu nn nng nng
26
le
li
li
lo lu ln lng lng
li
lio li
gi
gi
go gu gn gng
gn gng
ki
ku kn kng kn kng
hi
hi
ho hu hng hn hng
ji
ji
jn
jng
jio ji
jin jing j
ju
28
qi
qi
qun qn qng
xi
xi
xio xi
xn
xng
29
zh
zhn zhng
ch
chng
30
sh
shn shng
ro
ru rn
rng rn
rng
zi
zo zu zng zn zng
31
ci
co cu cn cng cn
si
so su sn sng sn
cng
sng
32
yo yu yn yng y
yu
w w w
wi wi wn wn
wng wng
33