2d Geometric Shapes

2d Geometric Shapes

Isoscles Triangle

Isosceles triangles have 2 angles equal and 2

sides of equal length.
All isosceles triangles have a line of symmetry.

Scalene Triangle

Scalene triangles have no angles equal, and no

sides of equal length.

Right Triangle

Right triangles (or right angled triangles) have

one right angle (equal to 90).

Obtuse Triangle

Obtuse triangles have one obtuse angle (an

angle greater than 90). The other two angles
are acute (less than 90).

Acute Triangle

Acute triangles have all angles acute.

List of Geometric Shapes - Quadrilaterals

A quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides.
There are quite a few members of the quadrilateral family. There are also some members
which are a subset of other members of this family!
See below if this confuses you!
Square
Squares have 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.
They have 4 lines of symmetry.
All squares belong to the rectangle family.
All squares belong to the rhombus family.
All squares are also parallelograms.

Rectangle
Rectangles have 4 sides and 4 right angles.
They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are
also a square!)
All rectangles belong to the parallelogram family.

Rhombus
Rhombuses (rhombii) have 4 equal sides.
Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
They all have 2 lines of symmetry (4 lines if they are a
square!)
All rhombuses belong to the parallelogram family.

Parallelogram

Parallelograms have 2 pairs of parallel sides.

Some parallelograms have lines of symmetry
(depending on whether they are also squares,
rectangles or rhombuses), but most do not.

Trapezoid US
(Trapezium UK)
Trapezoids US (Trapeziums UK) have one pair of
parallel sides.
Some trapezoids have a line of symmetry.
Please note the differences between the definitions for
US and UK.

Kite

Kites have 2 pairs of equal sides which are adjacent to

each other.

Trapezium US
(Trapezoid UK)

Trapeziums US (Trapezoids UK) are quadrilaterals with

no parallel sides.
Please note the differences between the definitions for
US and UK.

Regular and Irregular Polygons

Here is a list of regular polygons from 3 to 10 sides.
For each polygon, a regular and an irregular example have been shown.
Any regular shape will be mathematically similar to the example shown (having the same
angles).
There are an infinite number of examples of different irregular polygons that could be
shown, and only one example is given.

Equilateral Triangle

Irregular Triangle

Angle: 60
Interior angles add up to 180
Square

Irregular Quadrilateral

Angle: 90
Interior angles add up to 360
Pentagon

Irregular Pentagon

Angle: 108
Interior angles add up to 540
Hexagon

Angle: 120
Interior angles add up to 720

Irregular Hexagon

Heptagon

Irregular Heptagon

Angle: 128.6
Interior angles add up to 900
Octagon

Irregular Octagon

Angle: 135
Interior angles add up to 1080
Nonagon

Irregular Nonagon

Angle: 140
Interior angles add up to 1260
Decagon

Irregular Decagon

Angle: 144
Interior angles add up to 1440
The formulae for the interior angles of a polygon are as follows:
Total of interior angles = 180 x (number of sides - 2)
Angle = total of interior angles / number of sides

List of Geometrics Shapes - 3D Shapes

Here are some common 3D shapes that you should know.
Along with a picture of each shape, the number of faces, edges and vertices are also given.
Common properties of the 3D shapes are also given.

Cube
Cubes have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
All sides on a cube are equal length.
All faces are square in shape.
A cube is a type of cuboid.
Cuboid
Cuboids have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
All the faces on a cuboid are rectangular.

Sphere

Spheres have 1 curved face, 0 edges and 0 vertices.

Cylinder
Closed Cylinders have 3 faces, 2 edges and 0 vertices.
Closed cylinders have 2 circular or elliptical faces and
one curved rectangular face.

Cone

Cones have 2 faces, 1 edge and 1 apex (which is

described by some mathematicians as a vertex).

Triangular Prism
Triangular Prisms have 5 faces, 9 edges, and 6 vertices.
The two faces at either end are triangles, and the rest of
the faces are rectangular.
Hexagonal Prism
Hexagonal Prisms have 8 faces, 18 edges, and 12
vertices.
The two faces at either end are hexagons, and the rest of
the faces are rectangular.

Triangular-based Pyramid
Triangular-based pyramids have 4 faces, 6 edges and 4
vertices.
The base is a triangle. All of the faces are triangular.
If the triangular faces making up the prism are all
equilateral, then the shape is also called a Tetrahedron.

Square-based Pyramid

Square based pyramids have 5 faces, 8 edges and 5

vertices
The base is a square. All the other faces are triangular.

Hexagonal Pyramid

Hexagonal pyramids have 7 faces, 12 edges, and 7

vertices.
The base is a hexagon. All of the other faces are
triangular.

The 5 Platonic Solids

The platonic solids form a set of 5 polyhedra with the following special properties:

the faces of the platonic solids have to be regular and congruent.

the same number of faces meet at each vertex.

They are named after the Greek philosopher Plato who wrote about them in his
philosophical discussions.
There are only 5 platonic solids:

Regular tetrahedron

Cube or regular hexahedron

Regular octahedron

Regular dodecahedron

Regular icosahedron

Tetrahedron
A Tetrahedrons is the same as a triangular pyramid.
They have 4 triangular faces, 6 edges and 4 vertices.
A regular tetrahedron has equilateral triangles for its
faces, and is one of the 5 platonic solids.

Cube (regular hexahedron)

Cubes have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.

All sides on a cube are equal length.
All faces are square in shape.

A cube is a type of cuboid and is one of the 5 platonic

solids.

Octahedron
Octahedrons are a shape with 8 faces, 12 edges and 6
vertices.
A regular octahedron has equilateral triangles for its
faces, and is one of the 5 platonic solids.

Dodecahedron
Dodecahedrons are a shape with 12 faces, 30 edges and
20 vertices.
A regular dodecahedron has regular pentagons for its
faces, and is one of the 5 platonic solids.

Icosahedron
Icosahedron are a shape with 20 faces, 30 edges and 12
vertices.
All the faces are triangles.
A regular icosahedron is one of the 5 platonic solids with
all faces being equilateral triangles.