No

ashwin
shankar
Gautham
Abhinav
Suraj
Hari
Fareed
Rishikesh
Shrishail
Ramakrishnan
Praveen
Javali
Suchint
AVINASH
LEONARDO
Dario
Mattia
ROHIT
Sriram
Rounaq
Abhishek
Walter

Sample size
Mean value
Variance
Standard deviation
Median
Lower Range
Upper Range
Range
Modal value

weight
74
67
74
68
88
62
87
57
78
69
67
65
82
73
69
74
74
75
62
70
76
80

ruler
H 1.1
H1.2
171.0
171.5
178.3
178.5
174.0
173.5
178.0
178.5
180.0
180.5
164.0
164.5
175.5
175.0
178.0
177.5
176.0
175.0
176.0
175.6
173.2
173.6
177.0
177.0
181.9
181.6
169.0
167.0
180.0
180.3
188.0
188.3
182.0
180.0
177.0
177.5
177.0
176.5
183.5
184.0
188.0
187.5
186.0
186.7

tape
H2.1
H2.2
168.0
169.0
178.0
176.0
169.0
171.0
180.0
179.5
178.3
178.5
162.5
162.5
175.0
175.0
176.0
176.5
174.0
175.0
173.0
172.8
171.4
171.8
176.0
176.5
183.1
182.6
168.4
168.8
178.5
178.0
185.5
185.8
181.0
180.0
176.5
176.8
175.5
175.0
182.0
182.5
186.0
186.5
185.4
186.0

x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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23
24
25
26
27
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30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

Binom.
0.568
0.331
0.087
0.013
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
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Err:502
Err:502
Err:502

Poisson
0.577
0.317
0.087
0.016
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

n = 10
p = 0.055

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00
0

5% defects
3 coin tosses
9/160

p
0.05
0.5
0.05625

10

11

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Err:502
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0.000
0.000
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0.000
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0.000
0.000
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0.000
0.000
0.000
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0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
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107
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Err:502
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Err:502
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Err:502

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
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0.000
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0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
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161
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Err:502
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0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
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Err:502
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0.000
0.000
0.000
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0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
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0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

10
pdf
11

cdf

estimated
value

variance

Example:

n
5
3
10

10

11

12

P=f(1)
0.2036
0.375
0.331

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

=3/8 Lecture page 20

Lecture page 21

E(X) = n * p

Var(X) = n * p * (1-p)

5% of the products of a production lot are faulty (p=0,05).

Quality inspection is testing a sample of 5 parts (n=5).
What is the probability P to find exact 1 (x=1) or 2 (x=2) defect parts?

x
f(x)
F(x)
1
#NAME? 1.42328E-007
2
#NAME?
#NAME?
3 9.91146E-008
#NAME?
4
#NAME?
#NAME?
5
#NAME?
#NAME?
6
#NAME?
#NAME?
7
#NAME?
#NAME?
8
#NAME?
#NAME?
9
#NAME?
#NAME?
10
#NAME?
#NAME?
11
#NAME?
#NAME?
12
#NAME?
#NAME?
13
#NAME?
#NAME?
14
#NAME?
#NAME?
15
#NAME?
#NAME?
16
#NAME?
#NAME?
17
#NAME?
#NAME?
18
#NAME?
#NAME?
19
#NAME?
#NAME?
20
#NAME?
#NAME?
21
#NAME?
#NAME?
22
#NAME?
#NAME?
23
#NAME?
#NAME?
24
#NAME?
#NAME?
25
#NAME?
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26
#NAME?
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27
#NAME?
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28
#NAME?
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29
#NAME?
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30
#NAME?
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31
#NAME?
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32
#NAME?
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33
#NAME?
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34
#NAME?
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35
#NAME?
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36
#NAME?
#NAME?
37
#NAME?
#NAME?
38
#NAME?
#NAME?
39
#NAME?
#NAME?
40
#NAME?
#NAME?
41
#NAME?
#NAME?
42
#NAME?
#NAME?
43
#NAME?
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44
#NAME?
#NAME?
45
#NAME?
#NAME?
46
#NAME?
#NAME?
47
#NAME?
#NAME?

78
15
85

0.0239
67.96%

Normal distribution
0.03 f(x)

Probability den

0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0

20

40

60

Standard normal distribution

f(u)

Probability d

0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

confidence inte

48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?
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#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?

Mean
Standard deviation
Grenzpunkt
-quantile
Normal distribution
F(x)

robability density function

Cumulative

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

40

60

80

100

120

140

20

0
1
2

Probability density function

40

0.0540
97.72%

-2

0.0540
2.28%

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

95.45%
confidence interval

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

60

Cumulative distribution function

40

60

80

100

120

140

Standard normal distribution

Mean
Standard deviation

Cumul. distr.
function

-quantile

-quantile
4
-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

z
-3.0
-2.9
-2.8
-2.7
-2.6
-2.5
-2.4
-2.3
-2.2
-2.1
-2.0
-1.9
-1.8
-1.7
-1.6
-1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1.0
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
1.00
F(u)
-0.2
0.90
-0.1
0.80 0.0
0.70 0.1
0.60 0.2
0.50 0.3
0.4
0.40
0.5
0.30
0.6
0.20 0.7
0.10 0.8
0.00 0.9
-1.0
0.01.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

2.0

3.0

1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

st_norm_dist
0.00443
#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
00
F(u)
#NAME?
90
#NAME?
80
#NAME?
70
#NAME?
#NAME?
60
#NAME?
50
#NAME?
40
#NAME?
30
#NAME?
20
#NAME?
10
#NAME?
#NAME?
00
0.0
1.0 #NAME?
2.0
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

F(x)
0.00135
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
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#NAME?
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3.0
#NAME?4.0
#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

Norm. Distr.

f(t)

t.vert

-3

0.00443

0.00537

0.00537

-2.9
-2.8
-2.7
-2.6
-2.5
-2.4
-2.3
-2.2
-2.1
-2
-1.9
-1.8
-1.7
-1.6
-1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3

#NAME?
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0.00702
0.00911
0.01173
0.01499
0.01901
0.02392
0.02986
0.03696
0.04537
0.05523
0.06665
0.07974
0.09454
0.11109
0.12934
0.14921
0.17053
0.19305
0.21648
0.24041
0.26440
0.28794
0.31050
0.33152
0.35045
0.36676
0.37998
0.38972
0.39569
0.39770
0.39569
0.38972
0.37998
0.36676
0.35045
0.33152
0.31050
0.28794
0.26440
0.24041
0.21648
0.19305
0.17053

#NAME?
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#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

df
74

0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
-4

-3

-2

-1

1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

0.14921
0.12934
0.11109
0.09454
0.07974
0.06665
0.05523
0.04537
0.03696
0.02986
0.02392
0.01901
0.01499
0.01173
0.00911
0.00702
0.00537

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

(df+1)/2

df/2

Const(df)

37.5

37

0.397697638

Norm. Distr.
t-Student
#NAME?
#NAME?

-3

-2

-1

t = standardized t-score

Lecture page 33
Xquer
s
n

tf,Limit(1-/2)
tf,Limit(/2)

lower
upper
39.9890359 40.0129641

40.001
0.052
75
5%
1.99254
-1.99254

#NAME?
#NAME?

pdf df <<

pdf df >>

CHIQU.
VERT

CHIQU.
VERT

Probab.
density
function

0.0

0.00000

0.00000

1.5
3.0
4.5
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
16.5
18.0
19.5
21.0
22.5
24.0
25.5
27.0
28.5
30.0
31.5
33.0
34.5
36.0
37.5
39.0
40.5
42.0
43.5
45.0
46.5
48.0
49.5
51.0
52.5
54.0
55.5
57.0
58.5
60.0
61.5

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00001
0.00001
0.00003
0.00007
0.00013
0.00023
0.00041
0.00068
0.00108
0.00167
0.00247
0.00353
0.00489
0.00656
0.00854
0.01082
0.01335
0.01606
0.01888
0.02169

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00001
0.00001
0.00003
0.00007
0.00013
0.00023
0.00041
0.00068
0.00108
0.00167
0.00247
0.00353
0.00489
0.00656
0.00854
0.01082
0.01335
0.01606
0.01888
0.02169

0.0 0.00000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

df
74

CHI-squ
Probabilit
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.0

20.0

40.0

60.

4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

63.0
64.5
66.0
67.5
69.0
70.5
72.0
73.5
75.0
76.5
78.0
79.5
81.0
82.5
84.0
85.5
87.0
88.5
90.0
91.5
93.0
94.5
96.0
97.5
99.0
100.5
102.0
103.5
105.0
106.5
108.0
109.5
111.0
112.5
114.0
115.5
117.0
118.5
120.0
121.5
123.0
124.5
126.0
127.5
129.0
130.5
132.0
133.5

0.02440
0.02688
0.02905
0.03082
0.03212
0.03291
0.03317
0.03291
0.03217
0.03100
0.02946
0.02763
0.02558
0.02339
0.02114
0.01888
0.01668
0.01458
0.01261
0.01080
0.00916
0.00770
0.00641
0.00529
0.00433
0.00352
0.00283
0.00226
0.00179
0.00141
0.00110
0.00086
0.00066
0.00051
0.00038
0.00029
0.00022
0.00016
0.00012
0.00009
0.00007
0.00005
0.00004
0.00003
0.00002
0.00001
0.00001
0.00001

0.02440
0.02688
0.02905
0.03082
0.03212
0.03291
0.03317
0.03291
0.03217
0.03100
0.02946
0.02763
0.02558
0.02339
0.02114
0.01888
0.01668
0.01458
0.01261
0.01080
0.00916
0.00770
0.00641
0.00529
0.00433
0.00352
0.00283
0.00226
0.00179
0.00141
0.00110
0.00086
0.00066
0.00051
0.00038
0.00029
0.00022
0.00016
0.00012
0.00009
0.00007
0.00005
0.00004
0.00003
0.00002
0.00001
0.00001
0.00001

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

135.0
136.5
138.0
139.5
141.0
142.5
144.0
145.5
147.0
148.5
150.0

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.0

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

-0.1

CHI-square distribution Probability density function

40.0

60.0

80.0
Feature x

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

0.044804206

0.0619710066

Lecture page 34
Xquer
s
n

CHI_fLimit(1-/2)
CHI_fLimit(/2)

40.001
0.052
75
5%
99.67835
52.10283

0.00395
0.00609

x
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8

pdf
pdf
F-distr. Blue F-distr. Red
0
0
0.02331869 1.0204E-015
0.14684978 3.5732E-008
0.34473234 9.1474E-005
0.54601373 0.0065785
0.70217971 0.08011603
0.7957779 0.3544591
0.82991425 0.83783929
0.81706687 1.31436808
0.77180786 1.56054951
0.70715309 1.52506957
0.63324654 1.29723543
0.55727593 0.99804928
0.48391559 0.71362127
0.41591412 0.48357014
0.35464753 0.31503616
0.30057177 0.19944033
0.253564 0.12368509
0.21316571 0.07560304
0.17874792 0.04576423
0.14961845 0.02753347
0.125088 0.01651102
0.10450811 0.00989064
0.08729045 0.00592874
0.07291433 0.00356102
0.06092699 0.00214545
0.05093983 0.00129764
0.0426225 0.00078841
0.03569623 0.00048142
0.02992705 0.00029556
0.02511944 0.00018248
0.02111047 0.00011332
0.01776473 7.0799E-005
0.01496982 4.4501E-005
0.01263255 2.8143E-005
0.01067573 1.7907E-005
0.00903539 1.1464E-005
0.00765858 7.3842E-006
0.0065014 4.7849E-006

n1=
n1=

10
75

n2=
n2=

25
50

F-Distribution
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Cumulative dis

F-Distribution
1.2
1
0.8

F-distr. Blue
F-distr. Red

0.6
0.4
0.2

2.5

F-Test of 2 variances

3.5

0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

cdf
cdf
F-distr. Blue F-distr. Red
0
0
0.00058038
0
0.00820176 3.0821E-010
0.03246594 1.4833E-006
umulative
distr.
function
0.07722883
0.00017838
0.14012836 0.00342043
0.21555651 0.02305255
0.29729206 0.08158994
0.3799714 0.1903865
0.45962708 0.33655854
0.53368979 0.49294302
0.60075265 0.63513367
0.6602731 0.75005842
0.71229698 0.83529022
0.75723636 0.89463135
0.79570531 0.9340714
0.82840619 0.95940741
0.85605563 0.97528598
0.87933949 0.98506361
1.5
2
2.5 0.99101152
3
3.5
4
0.89888818
0.91526535 0.99460091
0.92896513 0.99675674
0.94041456 0.99804869
0.94997875 0.99882274
0.9579673 0.99928712
0.96464117 0.99956641
0.9702193 0.99973496
0.97488474 0.99983712
0.97879012 0.99989933
0.98206251 0.99993741
0.98480755 0.99996085
0.98711299 0.99997535
0.98905173 0.99998439
0.99068428 0.99999005
0.99206093 0.99999362
0.99322345 0.99999588
0.99420661 0.99999733
0.99503931 0.99999825
0.99574564 0.99999885

F-distr. Blue
F-distr. Red

ruler

tape

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

H1.1
171.00
178.30
174.00
178.00
180.00
164.00
175.50
178.00
176.00
176.00
173.20

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

177.00
181.90
169.00
180.00
188.00
182.00
177.00
177.00
183.50
188.00
186.00

Mean value (x_bar)

Variance (s)

5.83720712
22
10%
1.68195236

Upper limit (10%)

Lower limi (10%)

179.975002
175.788634

Test statistic

0.08427543

sd

3.16796635
0.08427543

H_null accepted

177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

177.88
34.07

Standard deviation (s)

Sample size (n)
Significance level ()
t_limit (10%)

Test statistic (T)

177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88
177.88

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

<

t_limit = 1,68195236

tape
H1.2
171.50
178.50
173.50
178.50
180.50
164.50
175.00
177.50
175.00
175.60
173.60
177.00
181.60
167.00
180.30
188.30
180.00
177.50
176.50
184.00
187.50
186.70

177.73
35.62
5.96843972
22
10%

177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73
177.73

ruler
190.00
180.00
170.00
Height
160.00
150.00
Student

Hnull-Hypothesis: the means of H1.1 and H1.2 are equa

Zweistichproben t-Test unter der Annahme gleicher Varianze

H1.1
Mittelwert
177.881818
Varianz
34.072987
Beobachtungen
22
Gepoolte Varianz
34.8476299
Hypothetische Differenz der
0
Freiheitsgrade (df)
42
t-Statistik
0.08427543
P(T<=t) einseitig
0.46661894
Kritischer t-Wert bei einseiti 1.30203549
P(T<=t) zweiseitig
0.93323787
Kritischer t-Wert bei zweiseit 1.68195236
Hnull-Hypothesis: is accepted !!

177.731818 upper limit of conf. Interval

177.731818 lower limit of conf. Interval

tape
190.00
180.00
170.00
Height
160.00
150.00
Student

of H1.1 and H1.2 are equal --> 2-tailed test !!

Annahme gleicher Varianzen
H1.2
177.731818
35.6222727
22

These data come from the Excel Analysis

ToolPak (add-in needs to be activated()

<-- probability to observe a test statistic of 0,08478188

or lower