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Term: 122
Online HW-Ch05-Lec01
Q1:
An object moving at constant velocity in an inertial frame must:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ans:
Q2:
Two students are dragging a box of mass m
across a horizontal frozen lake (frictionless
surface). The first student pulls with force F 1 =
50.0 N, while the second pulls with force F 2 =
30 N. The direction of both forces is shown in
the figure. Find the angle (in degrees) between
the resultant force and the positive x-axis. (Give
your answer in three significant figures form)
Ans:
28.3
& = tan1
= 29.0
51
KFUPM-Physics Department
Phys101
Term: 122
Online HW-Ch05-Lec01
Q3:
Only two forces, F 1 and F 2 act upon a 10 kg box. One of the forces is F 1 = (3 i -4 j)
N. If the box moves at a constant velocity v = (12 i +20 j) m/s, what is the magnitude
(in N) of the second force F 2 ? (Give your answer in three significant figures form)
Ans:
Since the velocity is constant then the acceleration is zero.
Newtons second law:
Fnet = ma
F1 + F2 = 0
2 = F
1
F
2 = F
1 = 32 + 42 = 5.00 N
and F
KFUPM-Physics Department
Phys101
Term:123
Online HW-Ch06-Lec02
Q1:
A small car with mass 1.60 kg move at constant speed of v = 12 m/s in a vertical
circle with radius 5.00 m (Figure). What is the magnitude of the normal force exerted
on the car by the walls of the cylinder at point A (at the bottom of the vertical circle)
and point B (at the top of the vertical circle)?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
= 61.8 N,
= 23.8 N,
= 76.8 N,
= 22.1 N,
= 53.8 N,
A FA = m g +
FB = m g
v2
= 30.4 N
= 10.2 N
= 82.1 N
= 10.4 N
= 64.4 N
= 61.8 N
R
2
v
= 30.4 N
R
Q2:
A flat (unbanked) curve on a highway has a radius of 220.0 m. A car rounds the
curve at a speed of 25 m/s? What is the minimum coefficient of friction that will
prevent sliding?
Ans:
fs = m
v2
v2
s =
= 0.290
R
gR
Q3:
At what angle should the roadway on a curve with a 50 m radius be banked to allow
cars to negotiate the curve at 12 m/s even if the roadway is icy (and the frictional
force is zero)?
Ans:
Tan =
v2
v2
= tan1 = 16.3
Rg
Rg
KFUPM-Physics Department
1 7
A boy pulls a wooden box along a rough horizontal floor at constant speed by means of a force
as shown. In the
diagram f is the magnitude of the force of friction, N is the magnitude of the normal force, and Fgis the magnitude of the
force of gravity. Which of the following must be true?
P = f and N = Fg
P = f and N > Fg
P > f and N < Fg
P > f and N = Fg
none of these
= 0.5 and
8N
12 N
16 N
20 N
40 Nb
= 0.5 and
8N
12 N
16 N
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2 7
20 N
400 N
5. *Chapter 6, Problem 27
Body A in Fig. 6-33 weighs 91 N, and body B weighs 84 N. The coefficients of friction between A and the incline are s =
0.57 and k = 0.26. Angle is 44. Let the positive direction of an x axis be down the slope. What is the acceleration of
A if A is initially (a) at rest, (b) moving up the incline, and (c) moving down the incline?
Fig. 6-33
Problems 27 and 28.
(a) Number
Units m/s^2
(b) Number
-0.210924482284
Units m/s^2
(c) Number
-2.117117405998
Units m/s^2
6. *Chapter 6, Problem 60
In Fig. 6-46, a box of ant aunts (total mass m1 = 1.76 kg) and a box of ant uncles (total mass m2 = 4.13 kg) slide down
an inclined plane while attached by a massless rod parallel to the plane. The angle of incline is = 21. The coefficient of
kinetic friction between the aunt box and the incline is 1 = 0.295; that between the uncle box and the incline is 2 =
0.135. Compute (a) the tension in the rod and (b) the common acceleration of the two boxes.
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Fig. 6-46
Problem 60.
(a) Number
1.806530177532
Units N
(b) Number
1.839462493411
Units m/s^2
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4 7
8. *Chapter 6, Problem 35
The two blocks (m = 14 kg and M = 100 kg) in Fig. 6-38 are not attached to each other. The coefficient of static friction
between the blocks is s = 0.41, but the surface beneath the larger block is frictionless. What is the minimum magnitude
of the horizontal force
required to keep the smaller block from slipping down the larger block?
Fig. 6-38
Problem 35.
Number
381.482926829268
Units N
9. *Chapter 6, Problem 61
A block of mass mt = 5.00 kg is put on top of a block of mass mb = 6.00 kg. To cause the top block to slip on the
bottom one while the bottom one is held fixed, a horizontal force of at least 16.0 N must be applied to the top block. The
assembly of blocks is now placed on a horizontal, frictionless table (Fig. 6-47). Find the magnitudes of (a) the maximum
horizontal force
that can be applied to the lower block so that the blocks will move together and (b) the resulting
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5 7
35.2
(b) Number
3.2
Units N
Units m/s^2
Fig. 6-53
Problem 70.
(a) Number
0.337785155677
Units N
(b) Number
1.582228931849
Units s
29.041466972138
(b) Number
159.133359225244
(c)
Units cm/s^2
(d) Number
(e)
Units cm/s
0.006365334369
Units N
0.428493648982
(f) Number
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6 7
(b) Number
8.424329844761
Units m/s
13.056190281952
(b) Number
0.231901402536
Units (degrees)
Units This answer has no units
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7 7
between boat
and water is proportional to the speed v of the boat: fk = 83v, where v is in meters per second and fk is in newtons. Find
the time required for the boat to slow to 44 km/h.
Number
7.339437530876
Units s
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Phys. 1251.2
Y. Kubota
Nov. 14, 1997
Key: 1: d,
2: b, 3: e, 4: d, 5: c, 6: a, 7: b 8: a, 9: a, 10: c,
11: c, 12: b, 13: e, 14: e, 15: e, 16: d, 17: b, 18: c, 19: c, 20: d, 21: d.
GOOD LUCK!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 mile = 1.6 Km, 1 ft = 30.5 cm, 1 yd = 91.4 cm, 1 inch = 2.54 cm,
1 gallon = 3.8 liters = 3800 cm3 = 0.14 ft 3, k(kilo) = 10 3, c(centi) = 10-2, m(mili) = 10-3,
A B=AB cos = A x B x +A y B y +A zB z,
|AB|=AB sin , AB= (A y B zA zB y , A zB x A x B z, A x B y A y B x )
1
x(t) x(0) = vot + 2at2 and v(t) = v o+ at when a is a constant.
ax2 + bx + c = 0 x = (b
Fi = ma,
b2 4 ac )/2a
W (weight) = mg (downward)
2.
8.
40 lb
60 lb
100 lb
160 lb
none of these
4 N down
5 N up
9 N down
zero
none of these
0
0.98
3.3
4.5
8.9
A boy pulls a wooden box along a rough horizontal floor at constant speed by means of a
force P as shown. Which of the following must be true (f is the magnitude of the force of
friction, N is the magnitude of the normal force, and W is the magnitude of the weight)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
9.
0.06
0.12
0.5
2.0
16
11 N
23 N
25 N
100 N
220 N
Two blocks (60 lb and 100 lb) are connected by a string that
passes over a massless pulley as shown. The tension in the
string is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
4.
7.
0.15 N
6.010-3 N
2.510-2 N
3.010-2 N
3.510-2 N
The velocity of a 0.5-kg hockey puck, sliding across a level ice surface, decreases at the rate
of 0.6 m/s 2. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the puck and ice is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
A 25-N crate slides down a frictionless incline that is 25 above the horizontal. The magnitude
of the normal force of the incline on the crate is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
3.
6.
a =v2/r.
approximately W
approximately W/2
much less than W
much more than W
depends on whether he stands on
one or two feet
A short 10-g string is used to pull a 50-g toy across a frictionless horizontal surface. If a
3.0x10 -2-N force is applied horizontally to the free end, the force of the string on the toy, at
the other end, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
g = 9.8 m/s 2.
f = k N.
f sN,
1
K=W,
K=2mv2,
W=Fi r.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. A circus performer of weight W is walking
along a "high wire" as shown. The tension in
the wire is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
5.
T cos
T sin
zero
mg
mg cos
10. A horizontal force of 5.5 N pushes a 0.50-kg block against a vertical wall. The block is
initially at rest. If s = 0.6 and k = 0.80, the frictional force is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
0
3.9 N
4.4 N
4.9 N
5.5 N
11. A 5.0-kg crate is resting on a horizontal plank. The coefficient of static friction is 0.49 and the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40. After one end of the plank is raised so the plank makes
an angle of 25 with the horizontal, the force of friction is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
0N
18 N
21 N
22 N
44 N
12. A 5.0-kg crate is resting on a horizontal plank. The coefficient of static friction is 0.49 and the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40. After one end of the plank is raised so the plank makes
an angle of 30 with the horizontal, the force of friction is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
0N
18 N
21 N
22 N
44 N
13. The driver of a 1000-kg car tries to turn through a circle of radius 100 m on an unbanked
curve at a speed of 10 m/s. The actual frictional force between the tires and slippery road is
900 N. The car will
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
14. One end of a 1.0-m string is fixed, the other end is attached to a 2.0-kg stone. The stone
swings in a vertical circle, passing the bottom point at 4.0 m/s. The string tension (in
newtons) at this point is about
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
0
12
20
32
52
1,2,3
2,1,3
2,3,1
1,3,2
3,2,1
16. A baseball is hit high into the upper bleachers of left field. Over its entire flight the work done
by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
positive; positive
positive; negative
negative; positive
negative; negative
unknown since vital information is lacking
17. A 0.50-kg object moves in a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external force
of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes around. The
work done by the external force as the mass makes one revolution is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
24 J
47 J
59 J
94 J
120 J
18. A 700-kg elevator accelerates downward at 3.0 m/s2. The force exerted by the cable on the
elevator is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2.1 kN, up
2.1 kN, down
4.8 kN, up
4.8 kN, down
9.0 kN, up
19. A particle moves with constant speed around the circle shown to
the right. When it is at point A its coordinates are x = 0, y = 2m
and its velocity is (4m/s)i. When it is at point B its velocity and
acceleration are (i and j are unit vectors pointing in the x and y
directions.)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
OC
DE
AB
AE
AF
vy
O
D
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Physics I
Exam 2 Review
Christopher Lane1,2
Julia Bielaski1,2
1
Department Physics, Clarkson University
Department Mathematics, Clarkson University
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Outline
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Chapter 5: FORCE AND MOTION I
Chapter 6: FORCE AND MOTION II
Problems
Problem 1
Problem 2
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Must Knows!!
Constants:
g = 9.81 sm2 Volumes:
VSphere = 34 r 3
VCylinder = r 2 h Surface Area:
ASphere = 4r 2
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Multiple Choice
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 1
An object moving at constant velocity in an inertial frame must:
A have a net force on it
B eventually stop due to gravity
C not have any force of gravity on it
D have zero net force on it
E have no frictional force on it
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 1
An object moving at constant velocity in an inertial frame must:
A have a net force on it
B eventually stop due to gravity
C not have any force of gravity on it
D have zero net force on it
E have no frictional force on it
Answer: D
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 2
Acceleration is always in the direction:
A of the displacement
B of the initial velocity
C of the final velocity
D of the net force
E opposite to the frictional force
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 2
Acceleration is always in the direction:
A of the displacement
B of the initial velocity
C of the final velocity
D of the net force
E opposite to the frictional force
Answer: D
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 3
The inertia of a body tends to cause the body to:
A speed up
B slow down
C resist any change in its motion
D fall toward earth
E decelerates due to friction
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 3
The inertia of a body tends to cause the body to:
A speed up
B slow down
C resist any change in its motion
D fall toward earth
E decelerates due to friction
Answer: C
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 4
Equal forces F act on isolated bodies A and B. The mass of B is three times
that of A. The magnitude of the acceleration of A is:
A three times that of B
B 1/3 that of B
C the same as B
D nine times that of B
E 1/9 that of B
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 4
Equal forces F act on isolated bodies A and B. The mass of B is three times
that of A. The magnitude of the acceleration of A is:
A three times that of B
B 1/3 that of B
C the same as B
D nine times that of B
E 1/9 that of B
Answer: A
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 1
A brick slides on a horizontal surface. Which of the following will increase the
magnitude of the frictional force on it?
A putting a second brick on top
B decreasing the surface area of contact
C increasing the surface area of contact
D decreasing the mass of the brick
E none of the above
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 1
A brick slides on a horizontal surface. Which of the following will increase the
magnitude of the frictional force on it?
A putting a second brick on top
B decreasing the surface area of contact
C increasing the surface area of contact
D decreasing the mass of the brick
E none of the above
Answer: A
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 2
Why do raindrops fall with constant speed during the later stages of their
decent?
A The gravitational force is the same for all drops
B Air resistance just balances the force of gravity
C The drops all fall from the same height
D The force of gravity is negligible for objects as small as raindrops
E Gravity cannot increase the speed of a falling object to more than 9.8 m/s
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 2
Why do raindrops fall with constant speed during the later stages of their
decent?
A The gravitational force is the same for all drops
B Air resistance just balances the force of gravity
C The drops all fall from the same height
D The force of gravity is negligible for objects as small as raindrops
E Gravity cannot increase the speed of a falling object to more than 9.8 m/s
Answer: B
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 3
A ball is thrown upward into the air with a speed that is greater than terminal
speed. On the way up it slows down and, after its speed equals the terminal
speed but before it gets to the top of the trajectory:
A its speed is constant
B it speeds up
C it continues to slow down
D its motion becomes jerky
E none of the above
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 3
A ball is thrown upward into the air with a speed that is greater than terminal
speed. On the way up it slows down and, after its speed equals the terminal
speed but before it gets to the top of the trajectory:
A its speed is constant
B it speeds up
C it continues to slow down
D its motion becomes jerky
E none of the above
Answer:C
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 4
An object moves around a circle. If the radius is doubled keeping the speed the
same then the magnitude of the centripetal force must be:
A twice as great
B half as great
C four times as great
D one-fourth as great
E the same
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Question 4
An object moves around a circle. If the radius is doubled keeping the speed the
same then the magnitude of the centripetal force must be:
A twice as great
B half as great
C four times as great
D one-fourth as great
E the same
Answer: B
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problems
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 1
In the following system m1 accelerates downward in the negative direction. Consider
all pulleys to be massless and frictionless and consider both cords to be massless.
m1=6kg =/8
m2=1kg
m3=3kg
m4=5kg
m2
m1
m4
m3
Must knows!!
Multiple Choice
Problems
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 2
Multiple choice
Problem 1
A 50.0-N box is sliding on a rough horizontal floor, and the only horizontal force acting
on it is friction. You observe that at one instant the box is sliding to the right at 1.75 m/s
and that it stops in 2.25 s with uniform acceleration. The force that friction exerts on
this box is closest to:
a) 3.97 N b) 490 N c) 50.0 N d) 8.93 N
e) 38.9N
Final velocity (x) vx = 0
Mass of box is m = 50N 9.8m / s 2 = 5.1kg
vx = v0 x ! ax t, vx = 0
fk
v
a
0x = 1.75 m/s
x
a = v / t = 1.75m / s 2.25s = 0.778m / s
m
x
0x
answer a)
Problem 2
A professor holds an eraser against a vertical chalkboard by pushing horizontally on it.
She pushes with a force that is much greater than is required to hold the eraser. The force
of friction exerted by the board on the eraser increases if she: WARNING: The correct
answer may surprise you. Think about the amount of static friction in each case.
A) pushes with slightly greater force B) pushes with slightly less force
C) pushes so her force is slightly downward but has the same magnitude
D) stops pushing E) pushes so her force is slightly downward but has the same magnitude
The three diagrams below shows the possible scenario. In all cases the normal force is
FN = Mg cos! ( ! = 0 for A and B). The maximum static friction is fsmax = FN s . We
will assume that in all cases, the upward (+ y, as indicated below) vertical force cancels
the downward forces so that the eraser do not fall.
A and B
C
E
fs
+y
fs
fs
Static Friction
+x Fcos
!
!
F
F
Applied
Fsin
Fsin
!
F
Force
Fcos
Mg
Mg
Mg
If the eraser is to remain on the wall (not fall) the y-component of the net force must
be zero: Fynet = 0 . The static friction fs < fsmax is calculated for all scenarios below.
A and B
y-component
Fynet = fs ! Mg = 0
fs = Mg
ANSWER: Clearly E!
C, y-component
+y (shown above)
Fynet = fs ! Mg + F sin " = 0
fs = Mg ! F sin "
E, y-component
+y (shown above)
Fynet = fs ! Mg ! F sin " = 0
fs = Mg + F sin !
Problem 3
A series of weights connected by massless cords are given an upward acceleration of 4
m/s2 by a pull P as shown below. A, B and C are the tensions in the connecting cords.
The smallest of the three tensions A,B, and C is closest to:
a. 483 N
pull P
b. 621 N
c. 196 N
d. 276 N
5.00 kg
e. 80.0 N
C
10.0 kg
B
15.0 kg
A
20.0kg
It is obvious that Tension A, TA, between 15.0kg and 20.0 kg mass, is the smallest
tension. To solve see free body diagram on 20.0 kg (m = 20.0kg) below:
ANSWER: D
a = 4.0 m/s2
Use 2nd law
Fynet = TA ! mg = ma
TA
mg
) (
!
The position of a particle moving in an xy plane is given by r = 2t 4 ! 3 i + t 5 ! 2t j ,
!
with r in meters and t in seconds. A) find the average velocity and acceleration for the
time interval between t = 1s and t = 3s. B) find the velocity and acceleration at t = 1s in
unit-vector notation. C) What is the angle between the positive direction of the +x axis
!
and a line tangent (i.e. v ) to the particle's path at t = 1 s? Give your answer in the range
of (-180o; 180o).
!
A) r ( t ) = xi + yj = 2t 4 ! 3 i + t 5 ! 2t j
) (
(
) (
!
at t = 3s, r ( 3s ) = ( 2 ( 3s ) ! 3) i + (( 3s )
!
4
5
at t = 1s, r (1s ) = 2 (1s ) ! 3 i + (1s ) ! 2 (1s ) j = !1mi ! 1mj
4
! 2 ( 3s ) j = 159mi + 237mj
4
5
dx dy d 2t ! 3 d t ! 2t
!
v ( t ) = vx i + vy j = i +
j=
i+
j = 8t 3 i + 5t 4 ! 2 j
dt
dt
dt
dt
m
m
!
3
4
at t = 1s, v (1s ) = 8 (1s ) i + 5 (1s ) ! 2 j = 8 i + 3 j
s
s
m
m
!
3
4
at t = 3s, v (1s ) = 8 ( 3s ) i + 5 ( 3s ) ! 2 j = 216 i + 403 j
s
s
!vy vx ( 3s ) " vx (1s ) vy ( 3s ) " vy (1s )
!v
m
m
!
aavg = x i +
j=
i+
j = 104 2 i + 200 2 j
!t
!t
3s " 1s
3s " 1s
s
s
m
m
!
3
4
b) v (1s ) = 8 (1s ) i + 5 (1s ) ! 2 j = 8 i + 3 j
s
s
3
dvy d 8t d 5t 4 ! 2
dv
!
a ( t ) = ax i + ay j = x i +
j=
i+
j = 24t 2 i + 20t 3 j
dt
dt
dt
dt
m
m
!
2
3
at t = 1s, a ( 3s ) = 24 (1s ) i + 20 (1s ) j = 24 2 i + 20 2 j
s
s
m
m
!
3
4
C) v (1s ) = 8 (1s ) i + 5 (1s ) ! 2 j = 8 i + 3 j
s
s
3m
vx > 0 and vy > 0 ,1st quadrant ( !90 0 < " < 0! ). ! = tan "1
= 20.5! , ! = 20.5!
8m
(
(
) (
) (
) (
)
)
) (
( ) (
( )
) (
W=
xf
!x
xf
For xi = 0 to xf = 1.0m:
1m
!0
a dx =
1
1
1
m
m2
( base ) ! ( height ) = (1m ) ( as ) = (1m ) "$# 5 2 %'& = 2.5 2
2
2
2
s
s
xf
m2
= 7.5J
s2
For xi = 0.5m to xf = 1.0m: Here I will enlarge the figure for clarity
xi
as
1m
!0.5m a dx =
as/2
minus
0m
1m
0.5m
1m
0.5m
1.0m
1
1
!0.5m a dx = 2 ( base )( height )big " 2 ( base )( height )small
1m
=
W = m!
1
m
1
m
m2
(1m ) #%$ 5 2 &(' " ( 0.5m ) #%$ 2.5 2 &(' = 1.875 2
2
2
s
s
s
1.0m
0.5m
For xi = 0 to xf = 5.0m:
5m
!0
a dx =
=
= 5.625J
1
m
m
1
m
m2
(1m ) !#" 5 2 $&% + ( 3m ) !#" 5 2 $&% + (1m ) !#" 5 2 $&% = 20 2
2
2
s
s
s
s
xf
m2
s2
B) For xi = 1m to xf = 5.0m:
xi
!0
s2
W = m ! a dx = 3kg " 20
5m
m2
a dx =
= 60J
m2
! m$ 1
! m$
= ( 3m ) # 5 2 & + (1m ) # 5 2 & = 17.5 2
" s % 2
" s %
s
xf
m2
xi
s2
= 52.5J
1 2 1 2
mv f " mvi , vi = 0 at x = 1m. The
2
2
1
2 " 52.5J
m
speed at x = 5m is W = 52.5J = mv 2f ! v f =
= 5.9
2
3kg
s
Angular Momentum
Problem 6
In diagram below a 2kg rock is at point P traveling horizontally with a speed of 12 m/s.
At this instant what is the magnitude and direction of the angular momentum? If the only
force acting on the rock is its weight, what is the rate of change (magnitude and direction)
of the angular momentum?
Direction perpendicular to x-y plane
! indicates +z out of the page
! indicates z into page
Also
+x right
+y up
! ! !
! !
Angular Momentum L = r ! p = mr ! v valid for point particle w.r.t. point O
!
r , r = 8m
Using
rule on
! ! the! right! hand
!
L = r ! p = mr ! v it is easy to see that the
!
direction of L is z or into the page
36.9
143.1
!
v
!
For the magnitude L = L = mvr sin143.1" = 2kg ! 12m / s ! 8m ! .6
L= 115.2kg-m2/s.
Torque !due to gravity on particle w.r.t. point O.
! !
! = r " Fg , Fg = mg = 2kg " 9.8m / s 2 = 19.6N
!
! ! !
r , r = 8m
Using the right hand rule on ! = r " Fg it is easy to see that the
!
direction of ! is +z or out the page.
53.1
! = rFg sin 53.1! = 8m " 19.6N " .8 = 125.4Nim
36.9
Solutions to
st
1
Major 111
Q1.
Consider a cube of iron of mass 8.0 kg and side 4.0 inches. What is its density in kg/m3?
(1 inch = 2.54 cm)
A) 7.6103
B) 6.9103
C) 9.8103
D) 4.3103
E) 10103
2.54 cm 1 m
l=
4.0 inch
1.02 103 m
=
1 inch 100 cm
V=
l =
1.05 103 m3
(1.02 10 m ) =
3
m
8.0
3
3
7.6
10
kg
/
m
=
=
V 1.05 103
Q2.
Consider the following physical relation: M = C arb, where M is mass, is density, r is
distance and a and b are exponents. C is a dimensionless constant. What are the values
of a and b so that the equation is dimensionally correct?
A) a = 1 and b = 3
B) a = 1 and b = 2
C) a = 2 and b = 2
M=
D) a = 2 and b = 1
M
E) a = 3 and b = 1 =
C arb
[ ] =
[C] [ ] [ r ] [ ]=
[r]
[ C]
a
a
b
b
M
=
] [ r ] 3 [ L]
[M] [=
L
b
=
=
M M a / L3a Lb ML
M a L3a
=
a 1 &=
b 3=
a 3
Q3.
A hot air balloon carrying a 10.0 kg block is descending vertically at a constant speed
of 10.0 m/s. When the balloon is 100 m above the ground, the block is released.
How long does it take the block to reach the ground? (Neglect air resistance)
A) 3.61 s
B) 2.53 s
C) 1.64 s
D) 5.43 s
E) 9.12 s
2
v=
v 2 0 + 2ay
v = 45.4 m / s
v= v + at
45.4 =
10.0 9.80t
t = 3.61 s
Q4.
Figure 1 shows the velocity-time graph of a particle moving along the x-axis. What is the
average acceleration of the particle during the time interval t = 1.0 s to t = 8.0 s?
aavg
v v f vi 5 10
=
=
=
= 2.1 m / s 2
8 1
t t f ti
Q5.
Which of the graphs shown in Figure 2 represents an object moving with a negative
constant velocity?
A) (3)
B) (2)
C) (1)
D) (4)
E) (5)
Q6.
A car moving along the positive x-axis with constant acceleration covered the distance
between two points 60 m apart in 6.0 s. Its velocity as it passes the second point was
15 m/s. What was its velocity at the first point?
A) 5.0 m/s
B) 10 m/s
C) 2.0 m/s
D) 4.0 m/s
E) 15 m/s
a is constant. , v = 15 m / s
=
x 60=
m, t 6.0 =
s, v0 ?
v + v0
2x
=
x
t v=
v find v0
0
2
t
Q7.
A car travels 30 km due south and then D km in an unknown direction. The magnitude
of the resultant displacement is 50 km and its direction is 53o west of south. Find the
magnitude and direction of the unknown displacement D.
A) 40 km due west
B) 40 km due east
C) 45 km due west
D) 45 km due east
E) 54 km due west
d1 =
30 j , R =
50sin 53i 50 cos 53 j =
40i 30 j
R=
d 1 + d 2 d 2 =
R d1 =
40i 30 j + 30 j =
40i
A makes 45o with + ve the x axis
o
B makes 45o + 60
=
105o with + ve the x axis
1.04i + 3.86 j
B=
4 cos105o i + 4sin105o j =
Q9.
Which one of the following statements concerning vectors and scalars is FALSE?
A) A vector that has zero magnitude may have components other that zero.
B) A vector that has a negative component, has a positive magnitude.
C) A scalar component may be either positive or negative.
D) Two vectors are equal only if they have the same magnitude and same direction.
E) In calculations, the vector components of a vector may be used in place of the vector
itself.
Q10.
An airplane makes a gradual 90.0o turn while flying at a constant speed of 200 m/s. The
process takes 20.0 seconds to complete. For this turn the magnitude of the average
acceleration of the plane is:
A) 14.1 m/s2
B) zero
C) 40.4 m/s2
D) 20.8 m/s2
E) 10.3 m/s2
=
assume vi 200
=
i and v f 200 j
v v f vi 200 j 200i
a avg == =
=
10.0i + 10.0 j
20.0
t
t
Q11.
Identical guns fire identical bullets horizontally at the same speed from the same height
above level planes, one on the Earth and one on the Moon. Which of the following three
statements is/are TRUE? (gmoon = 1/6 gearth)
I. The horizontal distance traveled by the bullet is greater on the Moon.
II. The flight time is less for the bullet on the Earth.
III. The velocities of the bullets at impact are the same.
A) I and II only
B) I only
C) I and III only
D) II and III only
E) I, II and III
Q12.
A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a 20-m high hill as shown in Figure 3. It
strikes the ground at an angle of 45o. With what speed was it thrown?
A) 20 m/s
B) 14 m/s
C) 28 m/s
D) 32 m/s
E) 40 m/s
on the y axis :
v yo =0, y =20 m, a = g v y 2 =2ay =2 9.8 20 =400
v y = 20 m / s
on the ground (45o angle) vx = v y = 20 m / s vo = vx = 20 m / s
Q14.
A boy wishes to swim across a river to a point directly opposite as shown in Figure 5.
He can swim at 2.0 m/s in still water. The river is flowing at 1.0 m/s toward the west. At
what angle with respect to the line joining the starting and finishing points should he
swim?
F net = ma
2a
F1 + F 2 =
(2i + 3 j k ) + F 2 = 2(2i j )
F 2= 2(2i j ) (2i + 3 j k )
= 4i 2 j 2i 3 j + k
= 2i 5 j + k
F
10
5
a = a (0) = =2.0m / s 2 & a (5) = =1 m / s 2
m
5.0
5.0
v = adt =area under the acc. curve =+2.0 5 12 (7 5) 1 =10 1 =9
9 = v = v f vi = v f + 2 v f = 9 2 = 7 m / s
find
find T1
mv 2
f s mg
, N
=
=
r
mv 2
slipping f s ==
f s ,max s N =
mg s
mg
=
r
v2 =
gr
v=
gr
(r =
2.0m, s = 0.50 )
Q19.
A 0.10 kg stone is tied to the end of a 1.0-m long rope. The stone is moved in a circle in the
vertical plane. What is the tension in the rope when the stone is at its lowest position and
has a speed of 5.0 m/s?
A) 3.5 N
B) 0.98 N
C) 0 N
D) 0.49 N
E) 1.5 N
v 2 5.02
=
= 25 m / s 2
a =
r
1.0
Fnet =
T mg =ma
T = m( g + a )= 0.10(9.8 + 25)= 3.5 N
Q20.
An object is being accelerated in the absence of friction by a 100-N force. A second
force of 100-N is then applied to the object in a direction opposite to the direction of
motion. The object with these two forces acting on it will
A) Move at a constant velocity
B) Slow down
C) Move in a circle
D) Stop rapidly
E) Move backward
t1
a d t
to
x1 = x
t1
vd t
to
4. Motion in a plane
vx = vo cos;
vy = vo sin;
x = vox t+ 1/2 ax t2; y = voy t + 1/2 ay t2; vx = vox + at; vy = voy + at;
vx = vox = vo cos;
x = vox t;
xmax = (2 vo2 sin cos)/g = (vo2 sin2)/g for yin = yfin;
vy = voy - gt = vo sin - gt;
y = voy t - 1/2 gt2;
7. Relative motion
r
r
r
vPA = vPB + vBA
r
r
aPA = aPB
8. Component method of vector addition
A = A1 + A2 ; Ax= Ax1 + Ax2 and Ay = Ay1 + Ay2; A =
r r
r r
a b = (a xi + a y j + az k) (bxi + by j + bz k)
r r
a b =a x bx + a y by + a z bz
r r
a
The vector product b = ( a xi + a y j + a z k) (bxi + by j + bz k)
i
r r
r r
a b = b a = a x
bx
j
ay
by
k
ay
a z = i
by
bz
az
a
j x
bz
bx
= ( a y bz by a z )i + ( a z bx bz a x ) j + ( a x by bx a y )k
az a x
+k
bx
bz
ay
=
by
1. Starting at time t=0, an object moves along a straight line with velocity in m/s given by v(t)=98-2t2,
where t is in seconds. When it momentarily stops what will be its acceleration?
dv
= 4t
dt
4) ffor tt=7s
7 a = 28 m
s2
2. At time t=0 a car has a velocity of 16 m/s. It slows down with an acceleration given by 0.50t, in m/s2 for t in seconds. At what instant of time it will stop?
t1
t1
t12 02
t12
v1 = vo + adt = 16 + (0.5t ) dt = 16 + ( + ) = 16 = 0
4 4
4
to
0
t1 = 8.0 s
3. At a stop light, a truck traveling at 15 m/s passes a car as it starts from rest. The truck travels
at constant velocity and the car accelerates at 3 m/s2. How much time does the car take to
catch up to the truck?
When the car catches up with the truck they both will have the same displacement
x with respect to the origin point (stop light), and it will take them the same time
t to reach this ppoint.
For the truck moving with constant speed v = 15m / s; x = vt
at 2
For the car moving with constant acceleration a from rest x = 0 +
2
2v 2 (15m / s )
at 2
=
= 10 s
Hence, vt =
and t =
2
(3m / s 2 )
a
4. A projectile is shot vertically upward with a given initial velocity. It reaches a maximum
height of 100m. If, on a second shot, the initial velocity is doubled then what will be the new
maximum height?
Given:
a) y1 = 100m; v1 f = 0; g = 9.8m / s 2
b) y2 = ?; v2 f = 0; g = 9.8m / s 2 ; v02 = 2v01
Solution
2
v01
0 = v 2 gy1 ; y1 =
= 100m
2g
2
01
2
4v01
= 400m
0 = 4v 2 gy2 ; y2 =
2g
2g
2
01
5. At time t=0 s, a puck is sliding on a horizontal table with a velocity 3.00 m/s, 65.0
above the +x axis. As the puck slides, a constant acceleration acts on it that has the
following components: ax=-0.460 m/s2 and ay=-0.980 m/s2. What is the velocity of the
puck at time t=1.50 s?
y
ay
vo
x
ax
x direction
x
?
vox
3.00cos65.0=1.268 m/s
vx
?
ax
-0.460 m/s2
t
1.5 s
voy
3.00sin65.0=2.720 m/s
vy
?
ax
-0.980 m/s2
v x2 + v y2 =
= arctan
vy
vx
= arctan
1.250
= 65.2
0.578
t
1.5 s
ur
6.
ur
(b)
r
r
ur
ur
ur
r
r
A x = A c o s 4 5 = 8 .5 m ; A y = A s in 4 5 = 8 .5 m ; A = 8 .5 i + 8 .5 j
ur
r
r
B x = B c o s 6 0 = 4 m ; B y = B s in 6 0 = 7 m ; B = 4 i 7 j
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r = ( A x + B x ) i + ( A y + B y ) j = 1 2 .5 i + 1 .5 j = 1 1 0 1 i + 2 j
(c ) M a g n itu d e -a n g le fo rm
r =
1 2 .5 2 + 1 .5 2 = 1 2 .6 = 1 1 0 1 m
= a rc ta n
ry
rx
= a rc ta n
1 .5
= 7
1 2 .5
8.
A Ferris wheel with a radius of 8.0 m makes 1 revolution every 10 s. When a passenger is at
the top, essentially a diameter above the ground, he releases a ball. How far from the point on
the ground directly under the release point does the ball land?
y
vo
x
G iven:
T = 10 s ; R = 8.0 m ; y = 16 m ; a y = 9.8 m / s 2 ; a x = 0 m / s 2
Find: x =??
1) M agnitude of initial velocity of the ball equal to velocity of the radial point of the Ferris w heel
2 R 2 (8.0 m )
=
= 5.0 m / s
(10 s )
T
2)) D irecti on of the initial velocityy is tangent
g
to the ppath. At the top
p of the w heel it is directed
along positive direction of x axis. v oy = 0.
vo =
2y
=
a
2( 16 m )
= 1.8 s
( 9.8
9 8m / s 2 )
Key
Test 1 sample
3. Motion in a plane
vx = vo cos;
vy = vo sin;
x = vox t+ 1/2 ax t2; y = voy t + 1/2 ay t2; vx = vox + at; vy = voy + at;
6. Relative motion
G
G
G
v PA = v PB + v BA
G
G
a PA = a PB
5. Component method of vector addition
A = A1 + A2 ; Ax= Ax1 + Ax2 and Ay = Ay1 + Ay2; A = Ax2 + Ay2 ; = tan-1 Ay /Ax;
G G
The scalar product A a b =ab cos
G G
a b = (axi + ay j + azk) (bxi + by j + bzk)
G G
a b =axbx + ayby + azbz
G G
The vector product a b = (axi + a y j + azk) (bxi + by j + bzk)
i j k
ay az
ax az ax ay
G G G G
j
+k
=
a b = b a = ax ay az = i
by bz
bx by
bx bz
bx by bz
= (aybz byaz )i + (azbx bzax ) j + (axby bxay )k
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Startingattimet=0,anobjectmovesalongastraightline.Itscoordinateinmetersis
givenbyx(t)=75t1.0t3,wheretisinseconds.Whatisitsaccelerationwhenit
momentarilystops?
dx
= 75 3.0t 2
1) v =
dt
2) Time at which the object will stop corresponds to v = 0
75 3.0t 2 = 0; t=5s
dv
= 6.0t
3) a =
dt
4) for t=5s a = 30 m 2
s
2.
3.
4.
G
G G G
G
5. Let R = S T and is the angle between S and T when they are drawn
with their tails at the same point. Which of the following is not true?
G G
G
A. R = S T sin It is true by definition.
G G G
B. R = T S it is true since
i
G
G
a b = ax
bx
j
ay
by
k
ay
a z = i
by
bz
az
a
j x
bz
bx
az ax
+k
bx
bz
ay
=
by
= (a y bz by a z )i + (a z bx bz a x ) j + ( a x by bx a y )k
i
G G
b a = bx
ax
j
by
ay
k
by
bz = i
ay
az
bz
b
j x
az
ax
bz bx
+k
ax
az
by
=
ay
G G
= ( a y bz by a z )i ( a z bx bz a x ) j ( a x by bx a y )k = (b a )
G G
G G
C. R S = 0 . It is true since R S = RS cos 90 = 0
G G
G G
D. R T = 0 It is true since R T = RT cos 90 = 0
G G
E. S T = 0 It is not true since cos 0
7
6. According to an ancient Greek source, a stone throwing machine on one occasion achieved a range of 730 m. If this is true,
(a) What must have been the minimal initial speed of the stone as it was ejected from the engine?
(b) When ejected with this speed, how long would the stone have taken to reach its target?
Given:
x = 730 m
=45D
Find (a) vo = ?
(b) t f
Solution :
vo2 sin 2 vo2
(a ) x =
=
vo = xg = (730m) (9.8m / s 2 ) = 84.6m / s
g
g
(b) Consider y motion. Given: 1) Time of flight corresponds to y=0;
2) a=-9.8 m/s2 3) voy = vo sin 45D = 84.6sin 45 = 59.8m / s
Use equation (3) to find time of flight
2voy 2(59.8m / s )
1
0=voy t f + at f 2 t f =
=
= 12.2 s
2
2
a
( 9.8m / s )
8
7.
A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a 20-m high hill. It strikes the ground at an angle of 45. With what speed was it thrown?
a) Consider motion along y direction. Choose the origin point at the top of the hill and y
axis directed vertically upwards. The ball is in a free fall from the height of 20 m
Given: 1) voy = 0; 2) y = 20m; 3)a = 9.8m / s2. Find vy =?
Use equation 4. v2y =voy2 + 2ay; vy = 2ay = 2(9.8m / s2 )(20m) = 19.8m / s
b) Since a ball strikes the ground at 45D final x component of velocity equal final y component of velocity
v = vox = vx = 20m / s
8. A girl wishes to swim across a river to a point directly opposite as shown. She can swim at 2m/s in still water
and the river is flowing at 1m/s. At what angle with respect to the line joining the starting and finishing points should she swim?
G
v gb velocity of a girl with respect to the bank of the river
G
vwb velocity of a water with respect to the bank of the river
G
v gw velocity of a girl with respect to the still water
G
G
G
According to the relative motion rule vgb = vwb + v gw
= arctan(
vwb
1
) = arctan( ) = 3 101
v gw
2
10
9.
A girl jogs around a horizontal circle with a constant speed. She travels one fourth of a revolution, a distance of
25m along the circumference of the circle, in 5.0 s. What is the magnitude of her acceleration?
11