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RECAF
Reduce Carbon Footprint Project 2011
Thank you for leaving your carbon footprints at home!
USM-Bangkok, Thailand
11 -17 October 2011
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
CONTENTS
Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 3
1.
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4
2.
Venue ..................................................................................................................... 6
3.
4.
5.
Conceptual Design............................................................................................... 6
6.
7.
Objectives.............................................................................................................. 7
8.
9.
10.
Budget .................................................................................................................... 8
11.
12.
13.
14.
Endorsements ...................................................................................................... 10
15.
References ........................................................................................................... 11
Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 12
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
Executive Summary
RECAF, acronym for Reduce Carbon Footprint Project 2011, tagged with the theme Thank You
for Leaving Your Carbon Footprints at Home! has encapsulated the whole idea behind this
sustainability outreach project. Transportation is one of the major greenhouse gases contributors
towards global warming especially for dense developing city, Bangkok. Low public preference
for public transportation utilization in developing countries has been an old time hurdle in
promoting carbon neutrality. The goals of this project are: (1) to heighten public awareness on
the importance of public transportation utilisation towards global warming reduction, (2) to
appreciate travellerss effort in reducing carbon footprint and energy, and (3) to promote
intellectual collaboration between ASEAN universities in air pollution research towards
sustainability. From 11 October till 17 October, 2011, with 35 facilitators, this project will kick off
with the launching of awareness campaign on Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) train from
Butterworth, Penang to Bangkok, Thailand, targeting train commuters. Academic interaction
and seminar involving postgraduates from USM, Chulalongkorn University, and Asian Institute of
Technology (AIT) would drive it further by propagating research network among ASEAN
universities. It is a prime opportunity for us to share and learn from the experience by eminent
and prestigious environmentalists in the world. We hope that this project will serve to garner
nation attention and foster sustainable development.
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
1.
Introduction
Carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases
(GHG) emitted over the whole lifecycle of an item or activity (Grenon et al., 2009). It is the
major contributor to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC, 2007) revealed that warming of the climate system is unequivocal and estimated
global mean temperature increase of approximately 0.76C between 2001 and 2005. Over
90% probability this is caused by increasing of GHGs concentrations in atmosphere due to
human activities (IPCC, 2007). The environmental and economic risks of the climate change
magnitude projected for the 21st century have been featured in international policy
debates (AOSIS, 2009; G8, 2009; IPCC, 2007)
In year 2008, International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated contribution of 23% of the
total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the world by transportation sector (Schipper et al.,
2009). CO2 emission from transport-related activities in Asian developing countries is
predicted to grow significantly in the future. Emissions from ground transportation can
contribute as much as 2040% of a citys GHG emissions (Kennedy et al., 2009).
Transportation and its environmental impacts are a major component of urban sustainable
environmental management. At the same time, transportation and mobility are essential for
urban economics and the quality of life.
Closely interconnected with transportation sector, tourism, with current high-growth
emission trends, could become major global source of GHGs in the future (Scott et al.,
2010). Tourism sector needs energy for transporting visitors to and from, as well as within,
destinations, in accommodation establishments, and for various activities. The energy use in
tourism is linked to emissions of GHGs (Scott et al., 2010).
2035*
Tourism sub-sectors
Air transport
Car transport
Other transport
Accommodation
Activities
Total
World
Tourism contribution
CO2 (Mt)
CO2 (Mt)
515
420
45
274
48
1,302
26,400
1302
40%
32%
3%
21%
4%
100%
100%
5%
1631
456
37
739
195
3059
53%
15%
1%
24%
6%
100%
In 2005 Bangkok city had annual carbon emissions per capita of 7.1 tonnes (ROAPUNEP, 2009). Comparing cities globally, the carbon emission in Bangkok is relatively higher
than most major cities, for instance, Tokyo (5.9 tonnes in 2003), London (5.9-6.2 tonnes in
2006), Seoul (3.8 tonnes), Milan (5.4 tonnes in 2005), and Barcelona (3.4 tonnes) (Croci et al.,
2010; Dodman, 2009; Dhakal, 2009). Transportation sector contributed nearly 50% of total
annual carbon emission per capita in Bangkok, much higher than other cities such as
London (21.7%), New York (21.9%), and Milan (21.3%) (Croci et al., 2010). Comparisons of
fuel consumption by land and air transportation sectors among prominent cities are shown
in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
Bangkok
Passenger car
Microbus & pickup
Van & pickup
Motorcycle
Urban taxi
Fixed route taxi
Motorcycle taxi
Motorcycle
Business taxi
23.272
0.665
0.873
0.005
1.102
0.090
0.005
10.790
0.015
11.67
12.32
12.42
12.00
11.63
13.00
12.50
24.57
11.63
1994
54
70
0.4
95
7
0.4
439
1
2662
Barcelona
Cars
Motorcycles
Trucks and vans
1.675
0.600
0.168
10.15
35.29
6.21
165
17
27
209
8.045
6.38
1234
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
1711
32
54
1797
18.167
10.274
7.48
5.87
2428
1751
4179
Unknown
Unknown
357
Denver
Gasoline vehicles
London
Cars
Motorcycles
Goods vehicles
New York City
Passenger vehicles
Light trucks
Prague
Gasoline cars
Diesel (ML)
LPG (TJ)
2094
256
724
197
51
1238
3212
637
281
2011
0
0.054
0
0
0
0
1699
0
0
0
0
131
0
0
0
0
4296
0
0
0
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
Table 4: Jet fuel loaded onto planes at major airports in ten cities (Kennedy et al., 2010).
Cities
Bangkok
Barcelona
Cape Town
Denver
Geneva
London
Los Angeles
New York City
Prague
Toronto
Airports
4293
1058
1211
326
294
9100
4202
5615
420
1830
Donmaung Airport
Barcelona Airport El Prat
Cape Town International Airport
Denver International Airport
Geneva International Airport
Heathrow and City Airports
LAX, BUR, and LGB Airports
JFK and LaGuardia Airports
Ruzyn Airport
Toronto Pearson Airport
At the sustainability front, consumers should play a greater role in spreading awareness on
carbon footprint reduction apart from policy makers and industrial operators. Public
awareness is the fundamental driving force for sustainability. It is a challenging commitment
but it lies at the core of sustainable urbanisation.
2.
Venue
Public awareness campaign:
3.
Target Audience
Awareness campaign is targeted for commuters travelling on Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Berhad (KTMB) train from Butterworth, Penang to Bangkok, Thailand (to-and-fro) while
academic interaction involves postgraduates from USM, Chulalongkorn University, and AIT.
4.
Proposed Theme
Thank You for Leaving Your Carbon Footprints at Home!
5.
Conceptual Design
All activities are geared towards minimal yet cozy interaction concept, demonstrating a
creative and bold approach instilling environmental awareness among people from all
walks of life by showing appreciation.
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
6.
Problem Statement
Transportation is one of the greatest greenhouse gases contributors towards global warming
especially for dense developing city, Bangkok. Low public preference for public
transportation utilization in developing countries has been an old time hurdle in promoting
carbon neutrality.
7.
Objectives
i. To promote public awareness on the importance of public transportation utilisation
towards global warming reduction
ii. To appreciate and encourage travellerss effort in reducing carbon footprint and
energy consumption by train commuting
iii. To galvanise intellectual collaboration between ASEAN universities in air pollution
research towards sustainability
8.
Scope of Work
RECAF raises public environmental awareness on carbon footprint reduction with public
transportation. This project focuses on several aspects as following:
(a) Awareness campaign on train during the 46-hour round trip from Butterworth,
Penang to Bangkok, Thailand.
(b) Academic interaction in Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
(c) Academic seminar on air pollution research in AIT, Thailand.
9.
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
10. Budget
Proposed budget is estimated at RM 33,333.00 and sponsors will be sourced as much as
possible. Transportation and accommodation is the major expenditure with estimation of
RM 30,233.00. Therefore, we are forwarding a request for some sponsorship for 35
participants for this sustainability outreach project.
Table 5: Budget estimate
Item/Expenditure
Details
Anticipated
Revenue
(RM)
Participation fee
RM 300 x 35 persons
10,500.00
Transportation
Academic
Interaction/
Seminar
RECAF
Awareness
Campaign
Contingency
Allocation
Anticipated
Costs
(RM)
7,833.00
15,000.00
Bus services
(USM Nibong Tebal - Butterworth)
(Round trip)
RM 100 x 2 trips
200.00
Accommodations
RM 100 x 18 rooms x 4 nights
7,200.00
Souvenirs
RM 50 x 5 pieces
250.00
Corporate shirts
RM60 x 35 pieces
2,100.00
Campaign T-shirts
RM 40 x 35 pieces
1,400.00
2,700.00
Meals
Breakfast: RM 10 x 35 persons x 2 trips
Lunch: RM 15 x 35 persons x 2 trips
Dinner: RM 15 x 35 persons x 2 trips
3,150.00
500.00
RM 100 x 35 participants
3,500.00
Grand Total
33,333.00
RECAF
Initiated
nitiated by ACEPRO USM
SECRETARY
Nurul Izma Bt. Mohammed
PROGRAMME
ADVANCEMENT
COMMITTEE
Zul Azmi B. Mohtar
Mohd Hafiz B. Zawawi
LOGISTICS
COMMITTEE
Siti Zubaidah Bt. Ahmad
Mohd Khairul Azuan B.
Muhammad
TREASURER
Siti Khadijah Bt Esa
PUBLIC RELATIONS
SPONSORSHIP &
COMMITTEE
PROCUREMENT
COMMITTEE
Ng Soon Min
Nur Atiqah Bt. Ahmad
Ramadhansyah Putra
Awalluddin
Jaya
Mahyun Bt. Ab. Wahab Mohammadreza Samadi
Tavana
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
14. Endorsements
Prepared by,
Supported by,
Supported by,
Supported by,
10
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
15. References
AOSIS, 2009. Alliance of small island states (AOSIS) declaration on climate change.
Retrieved 20 June, 2011, from http://www.sidsnet.org/aosis/documents/AOSIS%20
Summit%20Declaration%20Sept%2021%20FINAL.pdf
Croci, E., Melandri, S., and Molteni, T., 2010. A comparative analysis of global city policies in
climate change mitigation: London, New York, Milan, Mexico City and Bangkok.
Working Paper n. 32. Centre for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics
and Policy (IEFE)
Dhakal, S., 2009. Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy
implications. Energy policy 37, 4208-4219.
Dodman, D., 2009. Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas
emissions inventories. Environment and Urbanization 2009 21: 185.
G8, 2009. Declaration of the leaders of the major economies forum on energy and climate.
Retrieved 20 June, 2011, from http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/2009laquila/2009mef.pdf
Grenon, G., Martha, J., and Turner, M., 2008. How big is your carbon footprint?: Before you
can build an energy-efficient supply chain, you need to understand your
companys carbon emission. London: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc..
IPCC, 2007. Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press.
Kennedy, C., Steinberger, J., Gasson, B., Hansen, Y., Hillman, T., Havrnek, M., Pataki, D.,
Phdungsilp, A., Ramaswami, A., and Mendez, G. V.. 2010. Methodology for
inventorying greenhouse gas emissions from global cities. Energy Policy 38 (2010),
4828-4837, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.050.
Kennedy, C., Steinberger, J., Gasson, B., Hansen, Y., Hillman, T., Havrnek, M., Pataki, D.,
Phdungsilp, A., Ramaswami, A., and Mendez, G. V.. 2009. Greenhouse gas emissions
from global cities. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 7297-7302.
ROAP-UNEP, 2009. Eco facts: climate change in Bangkok. Bangkok: UNEP Regional Office or
the Asia Pacific. Retrieved 21 June, 2011, from: http://www.roap.unep.org/BARCC_
2009/BARCC_brief.pdf.
Schipper, L., Fabian, H., and Leather, J., 2009. Transport and carbon dioxide emissions:
Forecasts, options analysis, and evaluation. ADB Sustainable Development Working
Paper Series, No.9. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Scott, D., Peeters, P., and Gssling, S., 2010. Can tourism deliver its aspirational greenhouse
gas emission reduction targets?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18: 3, 393-408,
doi:10.1080/09669581003653542.
UNWTO-UNEP-WMO, 2008. Climate change and tourism: Responding to global challenges.
Madrid: UNWTO.
11
RECAF
Initiated by ACEPRO USM
Appendix
Appendix A
Proposed Itinerary
DATE
11 Oct 2011
(Tue)
12 Oct 2011
(Wed)
13 Oct 2011
(Thu)
14 Oct 2011
(Fri)
15 Oct 2011
(Sat)
16 Oct 2011
(Sun)
17 Oct 2011
(Mon)
TIME
ACTIVITIES/EVENTS
12:00 MYT
13:30 MYT
14:20 MYT
15:00 MYT
10:30 ICT
12:30 ICT
Lunch
14:00 ICT
Hotel check-in
16:00 ICT
08:00 ICT
14:00 ICT
20:00 ICT
08:00 ICT
14:00 ICT
08:00 ICT
10:00 ICT
Arrival at Pattaya
11:00 ICT
21:00 ICT
Hotel check-in
06:00 ICT
08:00 ICT
14:45 ICT
17:00 ICT
14:00 MYT
15:00 MYT
16:30 MYT
12