KKKH 4284 PERANCANGAN BANDAR LESTARI

NAMA

NUR ZUBAIDAH BINTI ZAMANI

NO. MATRIK

A 137767

PENSYARAH

:-

Prof. Dato Ir. Dr. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT

Dr. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN

TASK 3

Question
Listen to Lecture 14 and 15 at https://www.udemy.com/sustainable-urban-development/
You are given a task by the mayor of your hometown to evaluate and give suggestion on how
to plan the town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. Write a brief report on your evaluation
and suggestion.

Answer :
Local Agenda 21 is a local-government-led, community-wide, and participatory effort to
establish a comprehensive action strategy for environmental protection, economic prosperity
and community well-being in the local jurisdiction or area. This requires the integration of
planning and action across economic, social and environmental spheres. Key elements are
full community participation, assessment of current conditions, target setting for achieving
specific goals, monitoring and reporting.
There are six key elements of a Local Agenda 21:

Managing and improving the local authority's own environmental performance

Integrating sustainable development aims into the local authority's policies and
activities

Awareness raising and education

Consulting and involving the general public

Partnerships

Measuring monitoring and reporting on progress towards sustainability

1. Managing and improving the local authority's own environmental performance

Evaluation

The involvement of multiple agencies and departments in urban management

had made it difficult to coordinate many actions and in turn affects the
effectiveness.

The various roles that are expected of these local authorities to attain a
liveable city with a high quality of living had put pressure on those authorities
to acquire a strong organisation. The pressure is left more intensely by small
and medium sized local authorities that lack finance, manpower, skills and
equipment in providing the expected services.

Suggestion

The challenges that been facing require the respective parties be more focused
in undertaking each and every responsibility in urban development.

Good urban administration and management need to take into consideration

the capability of each local authority as each local authority has differs in
terms of manpower, skills and financial capacity to provide good service for
its population.

2. Integrating sustainable development aims into the local authority's policies and
activities
Elevation

The sustainable development are less in these area.

The large number of private vehicle ownership puts pressure on the capacity
of the existing road network. The inefficient public transportation resulted in
the tendency for the urban population to optimize for private vehicles instead
of the public transport. In the long term, this will have negative impact on the
competitiveness and the attraction of those cities to draw local and foreign
investors.

Rapid urban development has contributed to the degradation of environmental

quality especially the quality of water, air and noise. Many rivers which are
major sources of water have undergone degradation in water quality due to the
pollution from domestic waste, industrial effluents, suspended particulates
from soil erosion and heavy metal pollution from factories. Air pollution has
also increased due to emission from motor vehicles, industrial development
and use of non-environmental friendly products. Moreover, increased human
activity and high population density have also generated noise pollution in
urban areas.

Suggestion

The development of an urban system needs to be based on clear system of

hierarchy so that the provision and distribution of facilities and
infrastructure will be more efficient, thus, preventing wastage of national
resources.

Urban development needs to be carried specified area to ensure urban

sprawl is avoided. Towards this end, land use development should be
based on the adopted development plan and comply with all policies,
programmes and action plans proposed by the respective plans.

Urban development should be implemented in accordance with the

principles of smart growth with emphasis on redeveloping suitable areas
especially in urban centres and brown field areas for recreational purpose
and conserving environmentally sensitive areas.

3. Awareness raising and education

Good access to high quality public, social and cultural facilities will
contribute a great deal to the improvement of the quality of life of the
resident. The government can provide good governance by recruiting the
participation of residents in the improvement of their living environment.

The public participation should assist in achieving sustainable

development in optimal utilisation of available resources environment,
should be promoted and enhanced.

The public should also be encouraged to adopt the 3R concept of

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Such programmes can be organised at a
neighbourhood level. The policies that have been formulated and
guidelines to be drafted, shall form the basis for a comprehensive
framework to guide, control and manage new development and
improvement works.

4. Consulting and involving the general public

Elevation

This element has been implemented through the area. They may
included residents/tenants associations, youth club, senior citizen
group, sports club, activity/hobby societies, environment/ conservation
organization.

Suggestions

All parties should be more innovative, transparent and efficient in

promoting and working urban development in terms of quality,
healthy, competitive and progressive.

The concept of eco-partnership, which places emphasis on the

concerted efforts of various stakeholders such as private enterprises,
various government agencies and community based and nongovernmental organisations to carry out study activities aimed at
increasing public awareness on sustainable environment, should be
promoted and enhanced.

5. Partnerships

Partnerships should have concrete value addition to the implementation

process and should be new that is, not merely reflect existing
arrangements.

Partnerships should bear in mind the economic, social and

environmental dimensions of sustainable development in their design
and implementation.

Partnerships should be based on predictable and sustained resources for

their implementation, include mobilizing new resources and result in
transfer of technology.

6. Measuring monitoring and reporting on progress towards sustainability

Those who choose to register their partnership should provide

transparent, participatory and credible information and reporting,
focussing on their contribution to the implementation of goals,
objectives and targets of Local Agenda 21.

The policies that have been formulated and guidelines to be drafted,

shall form the basis for a comprehensive framework to guide, control
and manage new development and improvement works.