SLCC Anatomy CH 26- Digestive system

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

The ascending colon originates at the ____

valve, extending superiorly from the
superior edge of the cecum.

ileocecal

18.

The ascending colon superiorly extends

from the superior border of the cecum
along the ____ ____ border of the
abdominal cavity.

right lateral

19.

Because they are completely surrounded

in visceral peritoneum, interperitoneal
organs have an outermost tunic composed
of areolar connective tissue with dispersed
collagen and elastic fibers called

adventitia

Between the visceral and parietal layers of

the peritoneum, there is the _____.

peritoneal
cavity

binds to vitamin B12 for absorption in the

ileum

intrinsic
factor

breaks down proteins

pepsin

the cardia and pylorus glands secrete

protective, alkaline mucin produced by
____ and ____ cells.

Parietal
and
mucous
neck cells

cells of the stomach that secrete HCl

parietal
cells

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

cells that produce bile and decrease the

size (not quantity) of fatty molecules

hepatocytes

The coronary ligament is an example of a

______, which is a peritoneal fold that
attaches one organ to the anterior or
lateral wall.

peritoneal
ligament

26.

The ____ duct connects the gallbladder to

the common bile duct.

cystic

27.

12.

Epithelium lining small intestine

simple
columnar

13.

Epithelium lining the esophagus

stratified
squamous

Final region of the small intestine, that

ends at the ileocecal valve that enters into
the large intestine

ileum

The first segment of the small intestine,

where bile and pancreatic juice enter

duodenum

the four concentric layers of the GI tract,

from innermost to outermost

muscosa,
submucosa,
muscularis,
adventitia
or serosa

31.

uvula

32.

9.

10.

11.

14.

15.

16.

17.

From the posterior region of the soft palate

is the conical projection called the ____.

28.

29.

30.

The gallbladder has three tunics.

Name these from deep to
superficial.

inner submucosa,
inner mucosa, and
external serosa

Glands of the cardia and pylorus

produce

protective,
alkaline, mucin

glands of the fundus and body

contain what cells the produce
highly acidic secretion

all cell types

Glands of the fundus and body

produce

highly acidic
secretions

hormone that stimulates contractile

activity and secretions from the
parietal and chief cells

gastrin

Important accesory organs of the GI

tract are the gallbladder, pancreas,
and _____.

liver

___ ___ increase surface area

through with nutrients can be
efficiently absorbed. Are more
numerous in the duodenum and
jejunum, and least numerous in the
ileum

Circular folds

The initial or first region of the large

intestine is a blind sac called the
____.

cecum

_____ innervation promotes GI

tract secretions and peristalsis, and
relaxing sphincters; whereas
sympathetic inhibits.

Parasympathetic

Intraperitoneal organs include

stomach; jejunum,
and ileum of the
small intestine;
appendix; the
transverse and
sigmoid colon

____ is the internal opening where

the cardia meets the esophagus.

Cardiac orifice

Large intestine movements are

regulated by local ____ of the
autonomic nervous system.

reflexes

Large intestine movements are

regulated by local reflexes in the
____ nervous system.

autonomic

The large intestine originates at the

_____ junction and terminates at
the anus.

ileocecal

The largest of the salivary glands,

producing only serous secretions,
and is innervated by the
glossopharyngeal nerve.

parotid

The liver is covered by a connective

tissue capsule and a layer of ____
peritoneum, except where the
diaphragmatic region which is bare.

visceral

34.

liver to anterior internal wall

falciform
ligament

35.

liver to diaphragm

coronary
ligament

Lymphatic nodules in the wall of the

ileum

Peyer patches

Lymphatic structures called MALT are

found in the ____ and ____.

small intestine;
appendix

The main pancreatic duct merges with

the ______, and their contents empty
into the duodenum through the major
duodenal papilla.

common bile
duct

Mass movements in the large intestine

are called

gastrocolic
reflex

a mixed gland of endocrine and

exocrine functions, but mostly
exocrine

pancreas

The muscularis of the stomach is

composed of three layers. Name the
layers from deep to superficial.

oblique,
circular,
longitudinal

____ nerves promote digestion,

whereas ___ nerves inhibit.

Parasympathetic
promotes,
sympathetic
inhibit

The oblique layer is best developed in

the cardia and ____ of the stomach.

body

organs that are completely covered by

visceral peritoneum

intraperitoneal
organs

Organs that are described as being

retroperitoneal, their outermost tunic
has an additional layer of visceral
peritoneum called

serosa

Organs that are external or posterior

to the peritoneum, so only their
anterolateral portions are covered

retroperitoneal
organs

The pancreas is considered a mixed

organ because it exhibits both ____
and ____ functions

exocrine;
endocrine

Pancreatic juice is NOT responsible

for

emulsifying fats

A potential space that lubricates both

the body wall and organ surfaces,
allowing organs to move freely

peritoneal cavity

70.

The primary region of the small

intestine where chemical digestion
and nutrient absorption happen

jejunum

71.

33.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

produce acidic mucin

mucous neck cells

Propulsion is the act of

movement, when ___ creates
ripples and ___ is back-andforth.

peristalsis,
segmentation

the remnant of the fetal umbilical

vein

round ligament of the

liver

Retroperitoneal organs include

most of the
duodenum; pancreas;
ascending and
descending colon;
rectum

right and left lobes of the liver are

seperated by the

falciform ligament

56.

Sacs of the large intestine

haustra

57.

secrete gastrin

enteroendocrine cells

secrete hydorchloric acid and

intrinsic factor

parietal cells

secrete mucin

surface mucin cells

The serous membrane that lines

the inside surface of the body wall

parietal peritoneum

serous membrane that overs the

individual organ

visceral peritoneum

The smallest of the salivary

glands, producing both mucus
and serous secretions.

sublingual

The small intestine is responsible

for absorbing ___ of the
nutrients and water.

most

64.

space between cheek and gum

vestibule

65.

spleen to kidney

lienorenal ligament

the structural AND functional

units of the liver, each with a
central vein that merges to from
hepatic veins

hepatic lobules

Swallowing is also known as

_____.

deglutition

Sympathetic innervation of the GI

tract is responsible for

closing the pyloric

syphincter

synthesize and secrete

pepsinogen, which acid coverts
into pepsin

chief cells

The three main plexuses of

nerves are the

celiac, superior
mesenteric and
inferior mesenteric

The three pairs of salivary glands

are the submandibular,
sublingual, and _____.

parotid

51.
52.

53.

54.

55.

58.

59.
60.

61.

62.

63.
43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

66.

67.

68.

69.

72.
73.

74.

75.
76.

The three phases of swallowing are voluntary, pharyngeal, and _____.

esophageal

Three types of movements associated with the large intestine, from weakest to
strongest

peristaltic, haustral churning, and mass

movements

When chewed, food is mixed with saliva and turned into a balled substance
called

bolus

where esophagus meets pharynx

superior esophageal syphincter

where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm and connects to the
stomach

esophageal hiatus