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Superelevation
! 1000 $
v& m
#
" 3600 %
Rc = 0.5 *
R
! g = acceleration due to
gravity (9.8 m/sec2)
! where
Curve Resistance
! 1000 $
v& m
#
" 3600 %
Rc = 0.5 *
R
2
! 1000
$
100 & 1000
#
" 3600
%
= 0.5 *
= 1543N
250
Example: Curve
Resistance
Wu2/gR
!
Wfscos!
That help arises from banking the road, what transportation engineers
call superelevation (e). This banking, an inclination into the center of
the circle, keeps vehicles on the road at high speed.
Radius of Curvature
! g = acceleration due to
gravity
! ac = acceleration for
curvilinear motion = v2/R
! where
Wac
Fc =
g
Centrifugal Force
! fs = coefficient of side
friction and
! where
mv 2 Wv 2
=
gR
R
= W sin ! +Wf s cos !
Equilibrium of Forces
()
( )
v)
(
=
127 ( e + f )
! 1000 $
2
#v
&
v
3600
"
%
R=
=
g e + fs
9.81 e + f s
Computing Radius of
Curvature
Standards
0.1128
0.115
0.102
100
110
12
20
0.14
0.14
0.162
70
0
0.15
90
0.186
60
0.16
0.147
0.214
50
0.17
80
0.252
40
0.17
0.312
30
Coefficient of
Side Friction (ffs)
Rura
r l
Coefficient of
Side Friction (ffs)
Urban
Design Speed
(km/hr)
175
115
70
40
20
195
135
90
55
30
Minimum Radius
(m) Rura
r l
775
590
450
340
250
Minimum Radius
(m) Urban
Side-Friction (Mn)
Example
)
2
v = 50km / hr
! 1000 $
#v
&
v 2 * 0.077
" 3600 %
85 =
=
2.254
9.81 0.08 + 0.15
! 1000 $
#v
&
" 3600 %
R=
9.81 e + f s
Existing Speed
!
1000 $
# 83.33
&
"
3600 %
R=
= 248m
9.81( 0.08+ 0.14)
50/.6=83.33km/hr
Design Speed
Solution
Problem
Questions?
Questions
Curve Resistance
Radius of curvature
Superelevation
Curvature
Key Terms
Variables