Question 1: Explain the concept of sustainable development including its aim and goals.

What is sustainable development?

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two
key concepts:

the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which
overriding priority should be given; and

the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the
environment's ability to meet present and future needs."

Retrieved from the brundtland report

In my own words and comprehension, Sustainable development is building and developing a

country but taking into consideration that the renewable resource and non-renewable must be
kept or limited so that future generations can benefit from it also.
Sustainable development is developing a country while taking the environment into
consideration. As stated above, it keeps resources for future generations so the development can
continue but clean and environmental friendly development. This development entails vehicles
emitting little to no carbon monoxide. The use of solar panel, wind vanes and any other means to
get energy rather than the usual fossil fuel industry. The use of more green architecture and a lot
more of other alternatives to receive a healthy environment. In the end its basically trying to
eliminate anything that could harm the ozone layer and the people of planet Earth.

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GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Goal 1 - End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2 - End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable
agriculture
Goal 3 -Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4 - Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all
Goal 5 -Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 6 -Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7 - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Goal 8 - Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all
Goal 9 - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and
foster innovation
Goal 10 - Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11 - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 12 - Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13 - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Goal 14 -Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable
development
Goal 15 - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably
manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss
Goal 16 - Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide
access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17 - Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for
sustainable development
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Question 2: Discuss the aim of sustainable buildings/construction detailing the factors

that are used to asses a building for sustainability.
The main objectives of sustainable building are to reduce or completely avoid the depletion of
critical resources like energy, water and raw material, prevent environmental degradation
caused by industrialization and construct productive, energy efficient, productive and safe
environments.
Optimize Site Potential
Creating sustainable buildings starts with proper site selection, including consideration of the
reuse or rehabilitation of existing buildings. The location, orientation, and landscaping of a
building affect local ecosystems, transportation methods, and energy use. It is important to
incorporate smart growth principles into the project development process, whether the project
is a single building, campus, or military base. Siting for physical security is a critical issue in
optimizing site design, including locations of access roads, parking, vehicle barriers, and
perimeter lighting. Whether designing a new building or retrofitting an existing building, site
design must integrate with sustainable design to achieve a successful project. The site of a
sustainable building should reduce, control, and/or treat storm water runoff. If possible, strive
to support native flora and fauna of the region in the landscape design.

Optimize Energy Use

With continually increasing demand on the world's fossil fuel resources, concerns for energy
independence and security are increasing, and the impacts of global climate change are
becoming more evident, it is essential to find ways to reduce energy load, increase efficiency,
and maximize the use of renewable energy sources in federal facilities. Improving the energy
performance of existing buildings is important to increasing our energy independence.
Government and private sector organizations are increasingly committing to building and
operating net zero energy buildings as a way to significantly reduce our dependence on fossil
fuel-derived energy.

Protect and Conserve Water

In many parts of the country, fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource. A sustainable
building should use water efficiently, and reuse or recycle water for on-site use, when
feasible. The effort to bring drinkable water to our household faucets consumes enormous
energy resources in pumping, transport, and treatment. Often potentially toxic chemicals are
used to make water potable. The environmental and financial costs of sewage treatment are
significant.
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Optimize Building Space and Material Use

The world population continues to grow (to over 9 billion by 2050), natural resource use
continues to increase, and the demand for additional goods and services stresses available
resources. It is critical to achieve an integrated and intelligent use of materials that maximizes
their value, prevents upstream pollution, and conserves resources. A sustainable building is
designed and operated to use and reuse materials in the most productive and sustainable way
across its entire life cycle. The materials used in a sustainable building minimize life-cycle
environmental impacts such as global warming, resource depletion, and human toxicity.
Environmentally preferable materials have a reduced effect on human health and the
environment and contribute to improved worker safety and health, reduced liabilities, reduced
disposal costs, and achievement of environmental goals.
Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a building has a significant impact on occupant
health, comfort, and productivity. Among other attributes, a sustainable building maximizes
daylighting, has appropriate ventilation and moisture control, optimizes acoustic performance,
and avoids the use of materials with high-VOC emissions. Principles of IEQ also emphasize
occupant control over systems such as lighting and temperature.
Optimize Operational and Maintenance Practices
Considering a building's operating and maintenance issues during the preliminary design
phase of a facility will contribute to improved working environments, higher productivity,
reduced energy and resource costs, and prevented system failures. Encourage building
operators and maintenance personnel to participate in the design and development phases to
ensure optimal operations and maintenance of the building. Designers can specify materials
and systems that simplify and reduce maintenance requirements; require less water, energy,
and toxic chemicals and cleaners to maintain; and are cost-effective and reduce life-cycle
costs. Additionally, design facilities to include meters in order to track the progress of
sustainability initiatives, including reductions in energy and water use and waste generation,
in the facility and on site.
Retrieved from http://www.wbdg.org/design/sustainable.php

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Question 3: Define IED and describe its role in Sustainable building design
IED is a research organisations founded in 1971 by economist Barbara Ward, who forged the
concept and cause of sustainable development. IIED carries out research, advice and
advocacy work.
IED and its role in sustainable building design IED stands for Instituto Europeo di Design.
IED is an evolving educational system with capability and dedication to reinventing itself on
a daily basis. Its mission is widespread and clear: to offer young creatives a thorough training
both theoretical and practical and hand them the Design Knowledge and Mindset that
will accompany them throughout their lives. The Master in Sustainable Architecture Smart
Building and Urban Innovation @ Istituto Europeo del Design in Turin is a 12 months full
time studio based program. Sustainability is addressed in terms of Design strategies that
optimize environmental, energy and social behaviors of the urban built environment. Smart
building invqolve interactive and web connected technology to be embedded within
architecture in order to become aware of what is going on in the surrounding environment and
acquire the capability of virtuous reactions. City innovation is the challenging variations that
the problematic post-industrial polluted cities will have to face over the next few years

Retrieved from : http://pubs.iied.org/

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