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20electronicscommunicationsinterviewquestionsandanswersfreshers,experienced

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ElectronicsCommunicationsinterviewquestionsandanswers

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1.Whataredifferentcategoriesofantennaandgiveanexampleofeach?
2.Whatishandoverandwhatareitstypes?
3.Whatisionosphericbending?
4.WhatisCDMA?
5.Explaintheconceptoffrequencyreuse.
6.ExplainBluetooth.

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Whataredifferentcategoriesofantennaandgiveanexampleofeach?

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Differentcategoriesofantennaareasfollows:

Diodesandpowersuppliestest

1.WireAntennasShortDipoleAntenna
2.MicrostripAntennasRectangularMicrostrip(Patch)Antennas
3.ReflectorAntennasCornerReflector
4.TravellingWaveAntennasHelicalAntennas
5.ApertureAntennasSlotAntenna
6.OtherAntennasNFCAntennas

ACFundamentalstest
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Whatishandoverandwhatareitstypes?
Handoverinmobilecommunicationreferstotheprocessoftransferringacallfromonenetworkcelltoanotherwithoutbreakingthecall.
Therearetwotypesofhandoverwhichareasfollows:
HardHandoff:hardhandoffistheprocessinwhichthecellconnectionisdisconnectedfromthepreviouscellbeforeitismadewiththenew
one.
SoftHandoff:Itistheprocessinwhichanewconnectionisestablishedfirstbeforedisconnectingtheoldone.Itisthusmoreefficientand
smart.

Whatisionosphericbending?
Whenaradiowavetravelsintotheionosphericlayeritexperiencesrefractionduetodifferenceindensity.Thedensityofionosphericlayeris
rarerthanthelayerbelowwhichcausestheradiowavetobebentawayfromthenormal.Alsotheradiowaveexperiencesaforcefromthe
ionsintheionosphericlayer.Ifincidentatthecorrectangletheradiowaveiscompletelyreflectedbacktotheinneratmosphereduetototal
internalreflection.Thisphenomenoniscalledionosphericreflectionandisusedinmobilecommunicationforradiowavepropagationalso
knownasionosphericbendingofradiowaves.

WhatisCDMA?
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CDMAstandsforCodeDivisionMultipleAccesswhichusesdigitalformat.InCDMAsystemsseveraltransmissionsviatheradiointerface
takeplacesimultaneouslyonthesamefrequencybandwidth.Userdataiscombinedatthetransmitterssidewithacode,thentransmitted.
Onair,alltransmissiongetmixed.Atthereceiver'ssidethesamecodeisusedasinthetransmittersside.Thecodehelpsthereceiverto
filtertheuserinformationofthetransmitterfromincomingmixtureofalltransmissionsonthesamefrequencybandandsametime.

Explaintheconceptoffrequencyreuse.
Thewholeofthegeographicalareaisdividedintohexagonalshapegeometricalareacalledcellandeachcellhavingitsowntransceiver.
EachBTS(cellsite)allocateddifferentbandoffrequencyordifferentchannel.EachBTSantennaisdesignedinsuchawaythaticovercell
areainwhichitisplacedwithfrequencyallottedwithoutinterferingothercellsignals.Thedesignprocessofselectingandallocatingchannel
groupsforallofthecellularbasestationwithinsystemiscalledfrequencyreuse.

ExplainBluetooth.
Bluetoothisdesignedtobeapersonalareanetwork,whereparticipatingentitiesaremobileandrequiresporadiccommunicationwith
others.Itisomnidirectionali.e.itdoesnothavelineofsightlimitationlikeinfrareddoes.EricssonstartedtheworkonBluetoothandnamed
itaftertheDanishkingHaroldBiuetooth.Bluetoothoperatesinthe2.4GHzareaofspectrumandprovidesarangeof10metres.Itoffers
transferspeedsofaround720Kbps.
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