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Broadcast:-
Unicast :-PTP
Data Physical Address
Link:-
2222
0010
2
Q:-Show by Diagram the format of ARP packet and compare between ARP
request and reply.
Solution
ARP packet
Hardware type
Protocol Tope
Hardware
Protocol
Opcode
Length
Length
(1=request , 2=reply)
Sender Hardware address
Sender Protocol address
Target Hardware address
Target Protocol address
Request
Reply
1- A host requesting the destination
1-The host replies with hardware
physical address
address
2- Operation filed value = 1
2- Operation filed value = 2
3-Target hardware address = all zero 3-Target hardware address is the
(because it is known)
physical address of request host
Q: Explain with diagram the proxy ARP
Example:State
Queue
Attempt
Time out
Protocol address
R
P
F
P
12
5
-7
-2
-1
900
----
10.0.0.1
192.168.0.1
-192.168.7.3
Hardware address
AF:FC:33:00:56:66
----
Sol:
1-ARP Output model Receive an IP data gram to Destination IP 10.0.0.1
After 200MS.
State Queue Attempt Time out Protocol address
Hardware address
R
12
-700
10.0.0.1
AF:FC:33:00:56:66
P
5
2
-192.168.0.1
-F
-----P
7
1
-192.168.7.3
-2-ARP Input model Receive an ARP packet with largest IP address 192.168.0.1
and (AC:AE:32:45:73:42)
State
Queue
Attempt
Time out
Protocol address
Hardware address
R
12
-700
10.0.0.1
AF:FC:33:00:56:66
R
5
-900
192.168.0.1
AC:AE:32:45:73:42
F
-----P
7
1
-192.168.7.3
-3-After 700 MS ARP Output Model Receive an IP Data gram with destination IP
(192.168.7.4).
State Queue Attempt Time out Protocol address
Hardware address
F
-R
5
-900
192.168.0.1
AC:AE:32:45:73:42
P
15
1
900
192.168.7.4
-P
7
1
-192.168.7.3
-R=Resolved
P=Pending
F=Free
Queue=Number of Queue where packet are wailing For address resolution
Attempt=Number of ARE request Sent
Time Out= Life time of the entry (sec)
State
Queue
Attempt
Time out
Protocol address
F
R
P
Hardware address
Q:-Show by Diagram the process of encapsulation the ARP packet into farm?
Solution
Q:Show how the encapsulation of ICMP packet contains bath ip header first 8
byte 8 datagram data?
Or (contents of data field for error messages)
IP
8byte
IP Data
Header
ICMP
IP
8byte
ICMP
Header
Header
Packet
Sent IP
IP
ICMP
IP
8byte
Datagram
Header
Header
Header
Q: For the following network diagram show the needed temp message to be
generated .
(if Host A send data to D)
Solution:- Destination Host D will send to informs the source host that the
destination unicast address is unreachable.
Q:Why is that an ICMP packet descend have source and destination port number?
-ICMP does not use a port ; it is an echo reply protocol communication protocol .
Echo Protocol ICMP
Not Communication Protocol
Time stamp
Synchronization of both ends clocks
Time difference = receive time stamp = original time stamp
One way = Synchronization
One-way
(delay)
Checksum
ICMP
Network Layer
ICMP:-is a message control and error-reporting between a Host server and get
way to the internet.
Function :- Manages network communication and error reporting mechanisms.
Q:-Why ICMP is Considered to be the IP companion ?
-Because message not send of through encapsulation IP Header
Q:-sketch the source Quench error reporting format and give Example?
Solution:
Type
Code
Checksum
Unused (A11 0)
Distance vector
Popular protocol are :
RIP
OSPF
Protocol for intra domain
routing are also called IGP routing called EGP
Routing within AS
Inter-domain
- Path vector
- Routing protocol:
- EGP
- BGP (more recent)
-Protocol for inter domain
- Routing between AS
8-bit
Command
16-bit
8-bit
Reserved
Version
Family
All 0s
Network address
All 0
All 0
32-bit
Distance
Q/ There are five type of link-state update message
Sol// 1- Router link: send this to describe neighbor and own interface
2- Network link: for broadcast network only
3- Summary link to network
4- Summary link to AS boundary router
5- External link
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RIP V2
2- update
3- keep alive
4- notification
2- multi homed AS
3- transit AS
4- CIDR
Q/ How RIP pocket are encapsulated in the internet? What layer ?and what port ?
Sol// layer 3
Port 520
Q/ Define link-state routing and what is protocol currently being use that conforms to linkstate routing
Sol// link-state : is a complex routing technique in which each router share information with
other router a bout reach ability of other network and metric .
Protocol : OSPF (Open Short Path First )
24