Ian Thorpe

Ian Thorpe
wealth Games in Glasgow[13] but was forced to abandon

his plans due to a shoulder injury.[14] In 2014, he was presented with a Doctor of Letters from Macquarie University in recognition of his extraordinary contribution for
the sport, philanthropy and Indigenous rights.[15]
Ian James Thorpe, OAM (born 13 October 1982) is

an Australian swimmer who specialises in freestyle, but
also competes in backstroke and the individual medley. He has won ve Olympic gold medals, the most
won by any Australian, and with three gold and two silver medals, was the most successful athlete at the 2000
Summer Olympics. At the 2001 World Aquatics Championships, he became the rst person to win six gold
medals in one World Championship.[1] In total, Thorpe
has won eleven World Championship golds, the thirdhighest number of any swimmer.[2] Thorpe was the rst
person to have been named Swimming World Swimmer of
the Year four times,[3][4] and was the Australian Swimmer
of the Year from 1999 to 2003. His athletic achievements
made him one of Australias most popular athletes, and
he was recognised as the Young Australian of the Year in
2000.[5]
1 Early years
Born in Sydney, Thorpe grew up in the suburb of
Milperra and hailed from a sporting family.[16] His father Ken was a promising cricketer at junior level, representing Bankstown District Cricket Club in Sydneys
district competition.[16][17][18] A talented batsman, he
once topped the seasons batting averages ahead of former Australian captain Bob Simpson. However, paternal
pressure detracted from Kens enjoyment of cricket, and
he retired at the age of 26.[19] Thorpes mother Margaret
played A-grade netball,[17][20] but he did not inherit his
parents ball skills.[18] His elder sister Christina was advised to take up swimming to strengthen a broken wrist,
so by chance, the ve-year-old Thorpe followed her into
the pool.[17][18][21] Due to his unhappy experiences, Ken
Thorpe regarded enjoyment as the most critical aspect
of his childrens participation in sport.[20] A large baby,
Thorpe weighed 4.1 kg (9.0 lb) and measured 59 cm (1
ft 11 in) in length at birth.[22]
At the age of 14, he became the youngest male

ever to represent Australia,[6] and his victory in the
400 metre freestyle at the 1998 Perth World Championships made him the youngest ever individual male
World Champion.[7] After that victory, Thorpe dominated the 400 m freestyle, winning the event at every Olympic, World, Commonwealth and Pan Pacic
Swimming Championships until his break after the 2004
Olympics.[8] Aside from 13 individual long-course world
records, Thorpe anchored the Australian relay teams,
numbering the victories in the 4 100 m and the 4
200 m freestyle relays in Sydney, among his ve relay
world records. His wins in the 200 m and 400 m and his
bronze in the 100 m freestyle in Athens have made him
the only male to have won medals in the 100200400
combination.[8]
As a young child, Thorpe was sidelined by an allergy to

chlorine.[7] As a result, he did not swim in his rst race
until a school carnival at the age of seven.[23] The allergy forced Thorpe to swim with his head out of the water; despite this ungainly technique, he won the race, primarily because of his signicant size advantage.[16][24][25]
Thorpe gradually overcame the ailment and progressed
to the captaincy of New South Wales for the Australian
Primary Schools Championships in 1994.[26] He subsequently won nine individual gold medals at the New South
Wales Short Course Age Championships in September
of the same year.[27] In 1995, Thorpe started his secondary education at East Hills Boys Technology High
School[16][28] and switched coaches to swim alongside
his sister under the tutelage of Doug Frost.[25] It was
a busy year for the family; Christina was selected for
the Australian team to compete at the 1995 Pan Pacic
Swimming Championships in Atlanta.[29] Now six feet
tall, Ian competed at his rst Australian Age Championships, winning bronze medals in the 200 m and 400 m
freestyle. He won all ten events at the New South Wales
Age Championships.[7][30][31]
After the Athens Olympics, Thorpe took a year away

from swimming, scheduling a return for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. However, he was forced to withdraw
due to illness. Subsequent training camps were interrupted, and he announced his retirement in November
2006, citing waning motivation.[9] From early 2011, there
was speculation about Thorpes return to swimming, fuelled by people claiming to have seen him training. The
speculations were substantiated when Thorpe spoke at a
February 2011 press conference of his return to swimming after four years away, with the aim of competing in
the 2012 London Olympic Games.[10][11] Thorpe competed at Australias Olympic Trials in 2012, but failed
to make the team. It was subsequently announced that
he was targeting qualication for the 2013 World Championships in Barcelona[12] and later the 2014 Common-
1.1
2 EARLY INTERNATIONAL CAREER
National debut
Thorpe competed at the 1996 Australian Age Championships in Brisbane, winning ve gold, two silver and
two bronze medals.[8] His times in the 400 m freestyle
and 200 m backstroke qualied him for the Australian
Championships,[32] which doubled as selection trials for
the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Frost knew that Thorpe had
no realistic chance of making the top two in any event,
which would have meant Olympic selection at only 13
years and six months. He sent Thorpe to Sydney merely
to gain competition experience at senior national level.[32]
As expected, Thorpe missed selection; he nished 23rd in
the 400 m freestyle and 36th in the 200 m backstroke.[32]
At the end of the year, Thorpe qualied for the Australian
Short Course Championships. It was another chance to
gain national selection, as the event served as the selection trials for the 1997 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m). Thorpe qualied in second place in the
heats of the 400 m individual medley to reach his rst
national nal.[33] However, he swam more slowly in the
nal and missed selection.[33]
At the New South Wales Championships in January 1997,
Thorpes time of 3 min 59.43 s in the 400 m was eight
seconds faster than his previous personal best;[33] it made
him the rst 14-year-old to cover the distance in less than
four minutes on Australian soil. Ranked fourth for the
event countrywide,[33] Thorpe went into the Australian
Championships in Adelaide as a serious contender for
selection in the national team for the 1997 Pan Pacic
Swimming Championships in Fukuoka, Japan. With a
top-three nish and a specic qualifying time required
for selection, Thorpe focused on the 400 m freestyle after injuries to world record holder Kieren Perkins and
Daniel Kowalski; both had won Olympic medals in the
event. Thorpe went on to win bronze behind 16-year-old
Queenslander Grant Hackett, setting a new personal best
of 3 min 53.44 s.[34] The time was a world record for his
age group and the race was the rst of many battles with
Hackett.[34]
Aged 14 years and 5 months, Thorpe became the
463rd[35] and youngest ever male to be selected for the
Australian team,[7][25] surpassing John Konrads' record
by one month.[36] Frost said that Thorpes selection catalysed his eventual focus on freestyle. Thorpe continued
his good form at the Australian Age Championships. He
contested all twelve events, winning ten individual gold
and two bronze medals.[37] He set six Australian records
in the process.[17][34]
2
2.1
Early international career

International debut
caused him to miss two weeks of training.[38] Upon reaching Japan, Thorpe placed fourth in his heat of the 200 m
freestyle with a new personal best time of 1 min 51.46
s.[39] Thorpes time was not enough to qualify for the nal, but earned him selection in the 4 200 m freestyle
relay team. Along with teammates Michael Klim, Ian van
der Wal and Hackett, Thorpe claimed silver, making him
the youngest ever Pan Pacic medalist.[39] In his rst individual nal at international level, Thorpe was fth at
the 300 m mark, but fought back to claim silver in the
400 m freestyle behind Hackett in a time of 3 min 49.64
s.[7][40][41][42] His nishing burst was to become a trademark, and his time would have been enough to win silver at the Atlanta Olympics.[6][17] In October 1997, a few
days before his fteenth birthday, Thorpe competed in
qualifying trials in Brisbane for the 1998 World Aquatics
Championships in Perth. Thorpe gained selection for the
world championships by nishing fourth and second in
the 200 m and 400 m freestyle respectively. He set new
personal bests in both events.[43]
2.2 1998 World Aquatics Championships

Thorpes rst international appearance in his home country, at the 1998 World Championships in Perth, began
with the 4 200 m freestyle relay. Swimming the third
leg after Klim and Hackett, Thorpe broke away from 200
m buttery Olympic champion Tom Malchow to set a
split time of 1 min 47.67 s, just 0.26 seconds slower
than Klims winning time in the 200 m nal.[44] By the
end of Thorpes leg, the Australians were two seconds
ahead of the world record pace, and three seconds ahead
of the Americans, having extended the lead by two body
lengths. Although anchorman Kowalski nished outside
the world record,[45] it was the rst time that Australia had
won the event at the global level since 1956.[8] Thorpe was
ranked fourth in the world before the 400 m nal, which
Hackett led from the outset. Hackett established a comfortable 2.29 s lead over Thorpe by the 300 m mark, and
although Thorpe reduced the margin to 1.53 s at the 350
m mark, Hackett led until Thorpe passed him on the nal
stroke.[46] Thorpes time was the fourth fastest in history
and made him the youngest ever male individual world
champion, aged 15 years and 3 months.[7][40][41][47]
As a result of the media attention generated by his win
on home soil, Thorpe received multiple oers for television commercials and was often surrounded by autograph hunters.[48] He became a high-prole supporter of
the Childrens Cancer Institute, after his sister Christinas
future brother-in-law Michael Williams became gravely
ill with cancer.[49][50]
2.3 1998 Commonwealth Games
In June 1997, two months before the Pan Pacic Cham- Thorpes next competition was in March at the Australian
pionships, Thorpe required an appendix operation, which Championships in Melbourne, which were selection tri-
3.1
1999 Pan Pacic Championships
als for the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia.

Thorpes improvement continued when he defeated Klim
in the 200 m freestyle in 1 min 47.24 s, faster than
Klims winning time at the World Championship two
months earlier.[51] Thorpes time was a Commonwealth
record[52] and with it, he secured his rst national title.
He then claimed the 400 m freestyle title from Hackett
and clocked 50.36 s in the 100 m freestyle. His time
earned silver in his rst 100 m race at the national level,
gaining him Commonwealth selection in three individual
events.[53]
to set his 13 individual long course world records. He

led the mens relay team to unprecedented success in relay events, scoring historic victories over the Americans.
Thorpe was to peak in 2001 when he became the rst person to win six gold medals at one world championships,
setting three world records and helping Australia top the
medal tally at a global meet for the rst time since 1956.
In this period, he was named Swimming World Swimmer
of the Year three times.[2][3][8]
Thorpes rise continued when the Australians arrived in

Kuala Lumpur during September for the Commonwealth
Games. Thorpes rst event was the 200 m freestyle,
where he led throughout to record a time just one hundredth of a second outside Giorgio Lamberti's world
record.[54] He then combined with Klim, Kowalski and
Matt Dunn in the 4 200 m freestyle relay to break the
world record of the Unied Team set in 1992 by 0.09
s.[55] Thorpes run ended when a personal best of 50.21 s
in the 100 m freestyle was only sucient for fourth place,
but he returned to victory with the 4 100 m freestyle
relay team.[54] He claimed a fourth gold in the 400 m
freestyle, setting another personal best, just 0.55 s slower
than Kieren Perkins 1994 mark.[7][8][56][57][58]
3.1 1999 Pan Pacic Championships
Thorpe left school at the end of the year after completing

Year 10. His decision caused concerns that concentrating on swimming alone could lead to burn out.[59] Thorpe
disagreed, pointing to his informal search for knowledge,
stating that Swimming is a small part of my life.[59] His
impact in the swimming community was acknowledged
when he became the youngest male swimmer to be named
as the Swimming World Swimmer of the Year.[59]
World record breaking phase
1999 began with heavy media expectations that Thorpe

would inevitably break both 200 m and 400 m world
records, given his continuing physical growth. The rst
opportunity came in late March at the 1999 Australian
Championships in Brisbane, which doubled as a selection event for the 1999 Pan Pacic Swimming Championships. Thorpe again won the 400 m, but Perkins record
eluded him, this time by just 0.05 s.[60] Hackett turned
the tables in the 200 m event, passing Thorpe in the nal
50 m to win Thorpes title.[40] Although both were outside Lambertis mark, Hackett went on to break it the
following night in a relay event.[61][62] Thorpe nished
the Championships by continuing his improvement in the
100 m freestyle, posting a time of 49.98 s, his rst under the 50 s barrier. The Australian team then travelled
to Hong Kong for the 1999 World Short Course Championships, where Thorpe broke Lambertis mark in the
200 m freestyle, the longest standing world record at the
time. However, Hackett defeated him in the 400 m.[7][63]
This was the start of a three-year phase where Thorpe was
The 1999 Pan Pacic Swimming Championships were

held in August at Sydney Olympic Park, and were viewed
as a rehearsal for the 2000 Summer Olympics to be held
in the same venue. With Thorpe expected to deliver
world records at his rst international meet in Sydney, the
event was shown live on Australian television for the rst
time. The opening night saw him pitted against Hackett
and South Africas Ryk Neethling in the 400 m freestyle
nal.[64] The trio reached the 200 m mark in a group, on
world record pace, before Thorpe broke away, recording a split time 1.86 s ahead of world-record pace at 300
m. He extended his lead to four body lengths by the 350
m mark and nished in a time of 3 min 41.83 s, cutting almost two seconds from the world record,[8][58][65]
and covering the second half in almost the same time
as the rst.[66][67] Talbot reacted to the performance by
dubbing Thorpe as the greatest swimmer we've [Australia] ever had,[68] whilst four-time American Olympic
gold medalist Rowdy Gaines, commentating for NBC,
said "...he went into a balls-out sprint at 250 and I have
never seen anything like that...I have been around swimming a long time and its the most amazing swim I've ever
seen, hands down.[65][68] A formula used by the International Swimming Statisticians Association to compare
world records in dierent events gave his performance
the highest score of all current world records.[69] Thorpe
promptly donated the A$25,000 prizemoney for breaking the rst world record in the pool to charity.[2][7][70][71]
Later the same night, Thorpe anchored the Australians to
a historic victory in the 4 100 m freestyle nal,[65][70]
the rst time the United States had lost the event. Thorpe
set an Australian record relay split of 48.55 s. Even taking into account a 0.60.7 s for a ying relay start, his
split time was almost 1 s faster than his individual best
of 49.98 s.[66] It was to be the rst of many occasions
in which he would anchor the Australian relay teams to
victory over the Americans, with splits consistently faster
than his equivalent individual times.[72] The following
night, in the semi-nals of the 200 m freestyle, Thorpe
broke Hacketts world record by 0.33 s, clocking 1 min
46.34 s.[8][73] The next day in the nal, he again broke the
record,[58] lowering it to 1 min 46.0 s.[8][74][75] He nished
his competition by leading o the 4 200 m freestyle
team with Klim, Hackett and Bill Kirby to victory. Their
time lowered their own world record by more than three
3 WORLD RECORD BREAKING PHASE
seconds, completing Thorpes fourth world record in four cused of using banned performance-enhancing steroids.
nights.[7][8][40][76][77][78]
Prior to the 2000 Olympics, the head coach and capImmediately after the Pan Pacic Championships, tain of Germanys swimming team accused Thorpe of
Thorpes management announced his signing to Adidas cheating, that his physical attributes were symptomatic
for an undisclosed six-gure sum, stating that he would of steroid use and that his ability to exceed prior records
be drug-fuelled made his feats worthy of
race in their new bodysuit. This presented a dilemma, believed to
[36][84]
suspicion.
In 2007, the French sports newspaper
as the national team was sponsored and wore outts deL'quipe
claimed
that Thorpe showed 'abnormal levsigned by Speedo, leading to months of protracted disels of two banned substances in a doping test.[106][107]
[79]
cussions and uncertainty.
To compound his commercial diculties, Thorpe had an uncertain end to the sport- Thorpe denied the charges and the Australian Sports
Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) conrmed that they
ing year when, in October, he broke a bone in his ankle
[80]
whilst jogging.
However his performance throughout had investigated Thorpe in the past, for abnormal levels of testosterone and luteinising hormone (LH), but had
the year was recognised when he was again named as the
[108][109]
FINA dropped its investiWorld Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World, and dismissed the result.
[110]
Thorpe has never been
gation
and
closed
the
case.
by Swimming Australia as its Swimmer of the Year. In
found
to
have
been
doping,
and
has steadfastly denied
a wider arena, he was named Young Australian of the
the
allegations
while
also
being
prominent
in the cam[5]
Year, ABC Sports Star of the Year, and Male Athlete
paign
against
drug
use.
He
has
called
for
the
introduc[7][81][82]
of the Year at the Australian Sports Awards.
tion of blood testing, promised to surrender a frozen
sample for retrospective testing and repeatedly criticised
FINA for drug-testing procedures that he regards as
3.2 2000 Olympic build-up
inadequate.[36][84][111]
See also: Ian Thorpe and drug testing
Thorpe started 2000 looking to add a third individual
event to his Olympic schedule. He explored his options by
contesting the 1500 m freestyle at the New South Wales
Championships in January, which he won.[83] Thorpe embarked on a European FINA World Cup tour in order to
hone his racecraft, but this was overshadowed by comments made by German head coach Manfred Thiesmann
accusing him of using steroids.[84][85][86] Thorpes diculties heightened at the subsequent German leg of the
tour in Berlin, when a stando over a drug-test arose when
ocials wanted to take an unsealed sample due to lack
of containers. After the stando was resolved,[87][88][89]
Thorpe proceeded to cut more than 1.5 s from his world
short course record in the 200 m freestyle.[90] Given the
context of the race, Thorpe rated it as his best-ever performance, ahead of his victories at Olympic and World
level.[88][91][92] On returning from Europe, Thorpe faced
further uncertainty until he was granted permission to
wear his Adidas suit instead of the Australian uniforms
provided by Speedo.[93]
With the past uncertainties resolved, Thorpe proceeded
to the Olympic selection trials at Sydney Olympic Park
in May 2000. He again broke his 400 m world record on
the rst night of racing,[94] lowering it to 3 min 41.33 s
to earn his rst Olympic selection.[8][95][96] The following
day, he lowered his 200 m world record to 1 min 45.69 s
in the semi-nals,[97][98][99] before lowering it again to 1
min 45.51 s in the nal.[8][100][101][102] His attempt to secure a third individual berth failed after he nished fourth
in the nal of the 100 m and withdrew from the 1500
m.[103][104][105]
3.3 2000 Summer Olympics

Entering the Olympics, the Australian public expected
Thorpe to deliver multiple world records and gold medals
as a formality; Sydneys Daily Telegraph posted a frontpage spread headlined Invincible.[112][113] Thorpe cruised
through the heats of the 400 m on the rst morning of
competition, posting a new Olympic record and shortening bookmakers odds to 501.[112][114][115] By the
time the nal was held that night, the pressure had
intensiedthe host nation had yet to win its rst gold
medal. Thorpe led throughout, and although Italys
Massimiliano Rosolino was within a body length at the
300 m mark, Thorpes nishing kick extended the nal
margin to three body lengths.[116] This set a new world
record of 3 min 40.59 s.[117][118] Secret tests carried out
by the Italian National Olympic Committee prior to the
Olympics later showed that Rosolino had abnormal levels of human growth hormone.[119][120] Rosolino aside,
Thorpe had left bronze medallist Klete Keller fteen metres in arrears.[120]
Thorpe lined up later in the night alongside Klim, Chris

Fydler and Ashley Callus to anchor the 4 100 m
freestyle relay, an event which the Americans had never
lost at Olympic level. The third leg ended with Australia only an arms length ahead of the United States.[121]
Thorpe timed his dive much better than Gary Hall, Jr.,
and surfaced a body length ahead. Halls sprinting ability allowed him to open a lead by the nal turn,[122][123]
but Thorpes nishing kick overhauled him in the nal
metres, sparking wild celebrations amongst the partisan
crowd.[8][117][124] It evoked an uncharacteristic celebraThorpes success led to allegations of drug doping in tion from Thorpe, who immediately jumped out of the
2000, which arose again in 2007. Specically he was ac- pool, screaming and hugging his ecstatic teammates. He
3.4
2001 World Aquatics Championships
even went as far as playing air guitar to mock Halls pre- He earned his third title by cutting 0.66 s from van den
race claim that the Americans would smash the Aus- Hoogenbands 200 m world record to set a new mark of
tralians like guitars.[125][126][127]
1 min 44.69 s.[8][148][152] This performance made him the
When Thorpe broke the 200 m freestyle Olympic record third male after John Konrads and Tim Shaw to hold
[153]
in the heats the following morning,[128] his main rival world records over three distances simultaneously.
Pieter van den Hoogenband of the Netherlands (with His subsequent victory in the 100 m freestyle in a new
World #2 ranked and teammate Michael Kim bypassing personal best of 49.05 s made him the rst since Konall Australian freestyle titles from
the 200 metres) conceded defeat.[129][130] However, van rads in 1959 to hold
100 m to 800 m.[148][154] This indicated that he could
den Hoogenband showed his hand in the semi-nals by
cutting more than a second o his personal best, to set a swim faster at the subsequent World Championships in
Fukuoka, where he was looking to regain the ascendancy
new world record of 1 min 45.35 s. Thorpe qualied secfrom van den Hoogenband.[2][8][155][156]
[130][131]
ond with a personal best of his own, 0.02 s slower,
and was under immense pressure to win the nal the following day after his double gold on the rst night.[132][133]
Van den Hoogenband started quickly and Thorpe chased
him, reaching the 100 m mark just 0.04 s behind. Both
swimmers turned at 150 m in identical times. As a result
of starting harder than usual, Thorpe faded as van den
Hoogenband drew away to claim gold and equal his world
record, stunning the home crowd. Thorpe touched in 1
min 45.83 s, the rst time that he had swum slower in the
nal than in the qualifying rounds.[134][135][136] Thorpe
though would never again lose to Van Den Hoogenband
in a long course 200 metres race again. Thorpe returned
to victory when he led o the 4 200 m freestyle relay
the following night, setting up a 10 m lead over American Scott Goldblatt in the rst leg. Although Thorpe
was unable to reclaim the individual world record,[137]
he, Klim, Kirby and Todd Pearson lowered their world
record to 7 min 07.05 s,[138] over ve seconds ahead of the
Americansthe largest winning margin in an Olympic
relay for half a century.[139][140] Thorpe rounded o his
Olympics by swimming in the heats of the 4 100
m medley relay, and collected a silver medal when the
nals quartet nished behind the Americans.[8][141][142]
Thorpes performances as Australias leading medalist for
the Games were recognised when the Australian Olympic
Committee granted him the honour of carrying the ag
at the closing ceremony.[141][143][144] With three gold and
two silver medals, Thorpe was the most successful athlete at the 2000 Olympic Games. At years end, he was
again named by Swimming Australia as the Swimmer of
the Year, but van den Hoogenband usurped him as the
leading male swimmer chosen by Swimming World Magazine.[145]
3.4
With the 2001 Australian Championships held in Hobart

in March, Thorpe added the 800 m freestyle to his repertoire, after FINA had added the event for the 2001
World Aquatics Championships.[146] Thorpe began his
campaign by successfully defending his 400 m title with
a time just 0.17 s outside his world record.[147][148][149]
The following night in the 800 m event, he drew away
from Hackett in the last 100 m to break Kieren Perkins'
1994 world record by over four seconds.[8][148][150][151]
Thorpe arrived in Fukuoka having been chosen by broadcaster TV Asahi as the marketing drawcard of the
event.[157] With the 4 100 m freestyle relay being held
after the 400 m freestyle on the rst night, Thorpe appeared to be conserving energy when he reached the 200
m mark two seconds outside his world record. Although
he was 0.93 s behind at the nal turn, a nal 50 m burst
in 24.36 s saw him cut a further 0.42 s from his world
record.[158][159] The relay saw him dive in fractionally
ahead of American Jason Lezak after Klim, Callus and
Pearson had completed the rst three legs. Thorpe fell
behind in the early half of the leg before kicking away in
the closing stages, to seal gold with his fastest-ever relay
split of 47.87 s.[160][161] In the 800 m nal, he shadowed
Hackett for the rst 750 m, staying within a body length.
He then broke clear to win by a body length, lowering
his world record by over two seconds.[158][162][163] The
200 m freestyle rematch with van den Hoogenband provided Thorpe with a chance to rectify his strategy from
the Olympics; this time he allowed the Dutchman to lead
through the rst 100 m. Thorpe pulled even at the 150 m
mark and then broke away towards the nishing wall two
body lengths clear. He lowered his world record to 1 min
44.06 s in the process, prompting van den Hoogenband to
raise his arm aloft.[158][164][165] Thorpes winning streak
was interrupted in the 100 m freestyle when his personal
best of 48.81 s placed him fourth,[166] but he returned
to form in the 4 200 m freestyle relay. Anchoring the
team of Klim, Hackett and Kirby, the Australians lowered
their world record time by more than two seconds, leaving
the Italians more than six seconds in arrears.[2][167] Having overtaken Klim as Australias leading 100 m freestyle
swimmer, Thorpe was entrusted with anchoring the 4
100 m medley relay team on 28 July. After Matt
Welsh, Regan Harrison and Geo Huegill had nished
their legs, Thorpes change left him half a body length
behind the new 100 m world champion Anthony Ervin of
the United States. The Americans were expected to win,
and with his typically slow start, Thorpe turned a body
length behind with 50 m remaining. With an American
victory seeming inevitable, Thorpe managed to accelerate and deprive Ervin of the lead in the last 5 m.[1][158][168]
This made Thorpe the only swimmer to have won six
gold medals at a World Championships,[8][36] and the rst
since Shaw in 1974 to win the 200400800 treble.[158]
His performances formed the basis for Australias gold
medal win over the United States 139. It was also the
rst time since the 1956 Summer Olympics that Australia
had topped the medal tally at a global meet.[169] Thorpes
achievements led to predictions that he could match Mark
Spitz's seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics,
which he played down.[170]
3.5
TRACEY MENZIES ERA
lenging yourself.[185] Despite Thorpes assertion that he

could not match Spitz, Frost predicted that Thorpe could
win nine golds at one Olympics.[185] In spite of the media
disappointment, Thorpes six gold medals equalled the
record set by Susie O'Neill, completing all in Games or
World record time.[8][36][173][179][186][187] As a result, he
was awarded the honour of carrying the ag at the closing ceremony.[187][188]
2002 Commonwealth Games and Pan The Pan Pacic Championships followed in Yokohama
Pacic Championships
less than a month later, with media speculation about
Thorpe began competition in 2002 at the Australian

Championships in Brisbane in March, which were used
to select the team for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in
Manchester and the 2002 Pan Pacic Swimming Championships. After his record six gold medals in Fukuoka,
the meet was surrounded by further expectations of world
records and speculation that he would match Spitz's seven
gold medals.[171] His winning time in the 400 m was the
second fastest in history, but such was the expectation on
him that his failure to break a world record was the talking point.[172] He claimed the 100 m and 200 m events
in times outside his best, making it the rst time that
he had failed to break a world record at a major meet
since 1999.[173] He also experimented by adding the 100
m backstroke to his repertoire, placing second.[171] This
earned him a Commonwealth spot in a seventh event,
leading to further media speculation that he could match
Spitz.[174]
By this time, Thorpes relationship with Frost was beginning to unravel. Thorpe had always insisted that his swimming was about enjoyment and improving himself in setting faster times, rather than victory or defeat. This contrasted with Frost, who had a more aggressive and combative mindset, often making bold public statements.[175]
Thorpe ignored Frosts advice and bulked up his upper
body by a further 5 kg to 105 kg, making him the heaviest elite swimmer in history.[176] His reasoning that the
strength gains would outweigh any loss in exibility raised
concerns over his physiological strategy.[177] On the rst
night in Manchester, Thorpe again lowered his 400 m
mark by 0.09 s to 3 min 40.08 s,[8][173][178] before anchoring the 4 100 m freestyle relay team to another
gold.[179][180][181] Prior to the 200 m nal, Thorpe was
seen arguing with Frost in the warm-up area. Thorpe
won, but was unusually angry at having failed to lower his
previous best, publicly stating that he wasn't with it and
that he had one of the worst warm-ups ever.[179][180][182]
Thorpe did manage to lower his personal best in the 100
m freestyle to 48.73 s en route to his fourth gold, and
anchored the 4 200 m freestyle and 4 100 m medley relays to comfortable victories.[179][182][183] When he
collected a silver in his rst international race in the 100
m backstroke with another personal best behind world
champion Matt Welsh,[184] he was forced to rebu media comparisons to Spitz. He emphasised personal performance, stating I think its a limiting attitude to be
competing against other people when you can be chal-
Thorpe and Frost overshadowing the racing.[189] Thorpe

began his campaign with a victory over Hackett in the 400
m freestyle in a time ve seconds outside his world record.
Afterwards, he revealed that both he and Hackett had deliberately conserved energy for the 4 100 m freestyle
relay later in the night.[190] Australia subsequently won
the relay, with Thorpe again overtaking Jason Lezak in
the last 50 m.[190][191] He subsequently won the 200 m
freestyle, and anchored the 4 200 m freestyle relay
to victory to take his tally to four golds.[192][193] After
qualifying second in the 100 m freestyle, Thorpe came
from fourth at the 50 m mark win his fth gold in a
time of 48.84 s.[173][194][195] Thorpes run ended in the
4 100 m medley relay nal, when despite setting the
second fastest ever relay split of 47.20 s, Australia were
defeated.[196][197]
4 Tracey Menzies era

After the 2002 Pan Pacic Championships, Thorpe announced that he was splitting with Frost to train with one
of his assistants, Tracey Menzies, who had no prior international experience. Admitting that tension existed
between him and Frost, Thorpe asserted that the split
was amicable. He cited waning motivation for the split,
stating I decided I either had to make the change or it
was to walk away from the sport.[198] The retired Talbot expressed concerns that Thorpe was making a decision whilst he was physically and emotionally drained,
while other coaches felt that the new relationship would
end up with Thorpe, rather than Menzies, making the
decisions.[36][199][200] Despite a turbulent year, he was
again named by Swimming World as its World Swimmer
of the Year.[173]
Along with the switch of coaches, Thorpe indicated that
he would put more focus on improving his sprinting ability. He thus dropped the 800 m freestyle despite being the
reigning world champion and record holder.[201] During
this period, his times in the 400 m and 200 m freestyle deteriorated, and both he and Menzies were criticised. The
criticism continued to mount during their partnership,
particularly during the build-up to the 2004 Olympics.
Following his victory in the 200 and 400 events in Athens,
Thorpe said that his results justied his decision, despite
posting substantially faster times as a young swimmer under Frost.[202]
4.2
4.1
2004 Summer Olympics
The rst major test of Thorpes partnership with Menzies

came at the Australian Championships held in Sydney in
March. Thorpe did not threaten any of his world records,
completing the 400 m and 200 m freestyle more than two
and one seconds respectively o his best. Despite defeating Hackett in both races to retain his titles,[203] he
later admitted that he was pretty disappointed with his
performances.[204] When he tied with Ashley Callus in
a time of 49.05 s,[205] he was criticised by The Sydney
Morning Herald which stated The measure of Thorpes
sprinting ability is that he could only match the eorts of
a virus-riddled Callus.[195] Thorpe found some relief by
setting a new Commonwealth record of 2 min 00.11 s in
his rst long course 200 m individual medley outing, the
fth fastest time in the past year.[206] Thorpe attracted further criticism when he withdrew from the inaugural Duel
in the Pool with a medical complaint, despite travelling
overseas for commercial and charity work.[207][208]
Thorpe arrived for the 2003 World Championships in
Barcelona for his rst major international competition
since Menzies appointment under heavy media scrutiny
following his non-improvement at the Australian Championships. On the rst night of competition Thorpe defeated Hackett in the 400 m freestyle in a time 2.5 s outside his world record,[209] making him the rst to win
three world titles in the same event.[8] After his relatively
slow 400 m, he was again under pressure in the 200 m
freestyle after van den Hoogenband led at the 100 m mark
ahead of world record pace. Thorpe managed to respond
and retain his world title,[210] and gained some relief after his sprint training yielded his rst medal in the 100
m freestyle at a global competition; he nished third in
48.77 s.[211] In all three freestyle events however, he had
swum slower than his times under Frost. He ended his
individual campaign on a promising note with his experiment with the 200 m individual medley, setting a new
personal best of 1 min 59.66 s to claim silver.[212] Thorpe
again anchored the 4 200 m freestyle team to retain
the world title along with Hackett, Nicholas Sprenger and
Craig Stevens, with a reduced margin over the Americans, who nished less than two seconds in arrears.[8][213]
Michael Klim's injuries left the relay teams weakened,
with Thorpe anchoring the 4 100 m freestyle team
to fourth,[209][214] At the end of a dicult year in the
water, his standing had fallen in the eyes of Swimming
World, who rated him fourth in the world. He was again
named as Australian Swimmer of the Year, jointly with
Hackett.[215]
7
Michael Phelps US$1 million if he could match Spitzs
seven golds. Thorpe was adamant that this was impossible, and scrapped his seventh event, the 200 m individual medley from his Olympic program.[216] In late March
2004 at the Australian Championships in Sydney, Thorpe
overbalanced whilst on the blocks in the heats of the
400 m freestyle and fell into the water, resulting in his
disqualication and ending the defence of his Olympic
400 m title.[8] This resulted in a large debate among the
swimming and public community as to whether Thorpe
should be given an exception to Australias policy of selecting the rst and second place getters, with Prime Minister of Australia John Howard describing the situation
as a tragedy.[217] Despite the intense media spotlight,
Thorpe managed to win the 100 m and 200 m freestyle
events to ensure his selection for Athens. Craig Stevens,
who had claimed the second qualifying position in the
400 m event, subsequently faced immense public pressure to relinquish his position to Thorpe, and later did so
in a television interview for which he was paid.[8] This
generated ethical debate as to whether Stevens decision
had been bought, and criticism against Thorpe.[218][219]
Thorpe overbalances on the blocks during the heats of the 400

m freestyle at the 2004 Australian Championships, resulting in
disqualication for causing a false start.
The pressure in the lead-up was further compounded by

the media attention surrounding Phelps, who had decided
that the 200 m freestyle would be one of the events in his
quest for eight gold medals. This prompted many media outlets to label the race between Thorpe, van den
Hoogenband, Phelps and Hackett as The Race of the
Century. With the press spotlight growing, Thorpe tried
to avoid media attention, resulting in a few terse media
events.[220] Thorpes increasing focus on the 100 m event,
coupled with the media pressure, resulted in speculation
that he was vulnerable to Hackett in the 400 m event.
Thorpe made a slow start in the nal, reaching the 100 m
mark one second outside world record pace. In a topsy4.2 2004 Summer Olympics
turvy performance at irregular pace, there were multiple
changes of lead before Thorpe established a body-length
See also: Ian Thorpe false start controversy
lead by 350 m. He was closed down by Hackett, holding on by only 0.26 s in a time three seconds outside his
After his feats at the 2003 World Championships, Speedo own world record. Thorpe appeared to shed tears in an
had generated signicant media publicity by oering uncharacteristic sign of emotion, admitting that the con-
TRACEY MENZIES ERA
troversy surrounding the event had taken a toll on him, Soon after, Thorpe announced his withdrawal from the
but denying that any liquid had left his eyes.[221][222]
Commonwealth Games due to a bout of bronchitis, which
[233][234]
Thorpes illness
With Klim recently returning from a two-year injury lay- had stopped him from training.
was
later
diagnosed
as
a
strain
of
glandular
fever,[235]
o, and Callus ill, Thorpe could only anchor Australia
to sixth in the 4 100 m freestyle relay.[223] The 200 m and after a further delay caused by a broken hand, he
began with van den Hoogenband again attacking immedi- moved to the United States in July to work with Dave
ately, reaching the 100 m mark more than a second under Salo. Further disruption followed when the Australian
coaches, citing excessive and ongoing media
the world record split, with Thorpe half a body length be- switched [236]
Thorpes stay was constantly surrounded by
attention.
hind. Thorpe gradually reduced the lead before passing
rumours
that
he
was suering from ill discipline; this fuvan den Hoogenband in the last 50 m to win The Race
elled speculation that his international career was on the
of the Century by half a body length, in a new Olympic
[237][238]
record of 1 min 44.71 s.[224] Having achieved what had decline.
eluded him four years earlier, Thorpe reacted emotionally, immediately tearing o his cap, punching the air and
screaming.[225] The next day saw six years of Australian
victory in the 4 200 m freestyle relay ended when Hackett, Klim and Sprenger had put Thorpe into the nal leg
1.48 s behind Keller. Thorpe gradually reduced the margin but was unable to pass Keller in the last lap, the United
States touching 0.13 s earlier.[226][227] Thorpe found himself on the other side of a close result when he qualied
last for the 100 m freestyle by 0.01 s. He capitalised in the
nal by coming from sixth at the 50 m mark to win bronze
medal in a personal best of 48.56 s,[202][228] making him
the only person to medal in the 100200400 combination in Olympic history.[8] After the Athens Olympics,
Thorpe took a break from competitive swimming, skipping the 2005 World Aquatics Championships.
4.3
Upon his return to Australia, Thorpe withdrew from the

selection trials for the 2007 World Championships and
announced his retirement on 21 November 2006.[239]
Thorpe said that he had been contemplating retirement
for some time, but was afraid of the future because swimming had given him a safety blanket.[240] Thorpe stated
that he retired despite reaching higher levels of tness,
noting As I got t, physically t, my mind also got
t.[240] He said a clear mind allowed him to reach his
decision. He was close to tears when thanking the Australian public, but declared that his retirement was a joyous occasion of celebration.[240]
4.4 2011: Attempted qualication for 2012

Olympics
On 1 February 2011, Ian Thorpe announced that he
2006: Attempted return and retire- would try to qualify for the 2012 Olympics in London.
Thorpes major focus was the 100 m and 200 m freestyle
ment
at 2012s trials, stating he could oer the most value to
the Australian team in the relays. He would not swim the
400 m, claiming he would not have enough time to build
up endurance for that event.[241] This led many to see a
renewed rivalry with Michael Phelps.
Thorpes Aquatic Center in Australia.
Thorpe returned to competition at the New South Wales

Championships in December 2005. He raced in the 200
m and stated his intention to retire after the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.[229] Thorpe announced that due
to a desire to concentrate on the 100 m freestyle, he had
dropped his pet event, the 400 m. He was unmoved by national coach Alan Thompson, who implored him to continue swimming the event.[230] In February, Thorpe qualied for the 2006 Commonwealth Games by winning the
100 m and 200 m freestyle in times of 49.24 s and 1 min
46.42 s respectively. He expressed disappointment with
his performances; he speculated that he may have misjudged his new training schedule and anticipated further
improvement.[231][232]
Thorpe swam the 100 m buttery and 100 m medley in

Singapore (45 November) and Beijing (89 November)
before also taking on the 100 m freestyle in the Tokyo
(1213 November) round of the 2011 FINA Swimming
World Cup.[242]
4.5 2012: Australian Olympic Trials

Thorpes comeback attempt in the 200 m freestyle came
to an abrupt end on day 2 of Australias Olympic Trials in
Adelaide, on 16 March 2012. No longer allowed to wear
the full-body racing suit (covering from neck to ankles
and wrists) with which he set all of his world records
but are now banned by FINA rule changes he competed
wearing just the jammer (hip to thigh) racing shorts. He
swam very well in the morning heats, cruising to 1:49.18,
a time which placed him equal fth fastest. However, in
the semi-nals that evening he faded over the last 100
meters, nishing in 12th place at 1:49.91. Speaking to
reporters immediately afterwards, Thorpe said, The last
9
100 was a struggle, I'm not sure why. This was slower
than what I swam this morning, probably the inexperience
of racing in the last 18 months held me up. The fairytale
has turned into a nightmare.[243] In the 100 m freestyle
on day 3 (17 March), Thorpe won his heat (the 9th of
12) but failed to break 50 seconds and did not advance to
the semi-nals with the top 16 sprinters. Thus, his bid to
qualify for the London Olympics ocially ended.
Thorpe spoke to reporters after his 100 m race, saying:
When I started this I wanted to get back into the pool. I
wanted to start racing again, I wanted to be competitive
again and I wanted to go to the Olympics. I still want to
do all of those things. I've missed out on what was a huge
goal for me to accomplish in this short period of time,
but still the desire I had previous to this, its still there.
Essentially saying that his (relatively) slow times in the
100 and 200 meters were the result of too short a period
to train and prepare, Thorpe announced he will continue
training, setting as his (new) goal qualifying for the World
Championships in 2013.
Ian Thorpss hand prints at the Sydney Aquatic Centre.
size 17 feet.[36][246]
Following his retirement, head coach of the US mens
swimming team Bob Bowmanwho also mentors
Michael Phelpscalled Thorpe the greatest middledistance swimmer of all time and...the greatest relay swimmer I have seen.[247] Bowman further cited
Thorpes ability to raise the prole and popularity of
swimming, noting that Phelps public image was modelled on that of the Australian. Australian Olympic Committee President John Coates stated that In 50 years
from now Australians will still marvel at the feats of Ian
Thorpe.[247] Dawn Fraser, the rst of only two swimmers to win the same Olympic event three times, said
that Thorpe was the greatest [freestyle] swimmer in the
world,[246][247] and lamented that he would not be attempting a hat-trick of 400 m titles.[246][247]
6 Honours
Plaque of Ian Thorpe Outside Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre.
During the 2012 Olympic Games, Thorpe worked as a

Aside from his swimming achievements, Thorpe has repundit for BBC Television.
ceived numerous honours and accolades during his life.
Athletic attributes
Thorpes success has been attributed to his work ethic,

mental strength, powerful kick, ability to accelerate and
a physiology suited to swimming. This led former Australian head coach Don Talbot to label him as the greatest swimmer the world has seen.[244] Although Swimming World labelled Thorpes technique as extraordinary and superior,[245] Talbot disagreed, stating his
belief that Thorpe relied on his kick too heavily at the
expense of his arms. He also cited Thorpes ability to
manage his workload and his day-to-day recovery between races during a meet as a deciency.[244] Thorpe
was known for using his trademark six-beat kick to power
away from his rivals in the closing stages of races, the effectiveness of which was attributed to his unusually large
2014: Conferred an honorary Doctor of Letters by

the Macquarie University in recognition of his extraordinary contribution for the sport, philanthropy
and Indigenous rights.[15]
2013: Conferred an honorary Doctor of Letters
by the University of Western Sydney for his support for health and education services for Indigenous
youth.[248]
2012: Awarded Human Rights Medal for his charity
work with Indigenous children.[249]
2007: Ian Thorpe Aquatic and Fitness Centre in
Ultimo, Sydney named in his honour.[250]
2001: Awarded Medal of the Order of Australia
(OAM) for service to sport as a gold medallist at
the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.[251]
10
7 PERSONAL LIFE
2000: Young Australian of the Year[252]
7
7.1
Personal life
Sexuality
It was during this trip that he appeared on The Tonight

Show with Jay Leno, which was notable because of
the relative lack of interest in competitive swimming in
America.[260][265] Thorpe later became a spokesperson
for the unsuccessful New York bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, even promising to continue his career until the games if New York won the hosting rights.[266]
Thorpes interests have also seen him involved in television. In 2002, he played the lead role in the reality television show Undercover Angels, which imitated
the Charlies Angels series. In the program, Thorpe directed three young women who performed good deeds
for people in need.[260] Although it averaged more than
a million viewers per episode, it was widely panned by
critics.[254][260][267] Thorpe has also appeared as an extra
in the American sitcom Friends.[16][260][268]
In a July 2014 televised interview with British talk

show host Michael Parkinson Thorpe came out
as gay, after years of denying his homosexuality
publicly.[253][254][255][256][257] He stated I'm comfortable
saying I'm a gay man. And I don't want people to feel
the same way I did. You can grow up, you can be
comfortable and you can be gay. He added I am telling
the world that I am gay and I hope this makes it easier
for others now, and even if you've held it in for years, it
Thorpe is widely popular in Asia, particularly Japan. In
feels easier to get it out.[258][259]
2000, TV Asahi identied him as the swimmer likely to
be the most successful at the 2001 World Championships
7.2 Sponsorship
in Fukuoka, so they selected him as the events marketing gurehead. In the lead-up, Thorpe visited Japan
to promote Asahi in a series of television events,[2][269]
and upon returning for the competition, he was mobbed
at the airport by youthful crowds 25 m deep; hundreds
camped outside the Australian teams hotel.[270][271] He
was also praised by older sections of Japanese society as a role model for youth, due to what they interpreted as his humility and work ethic.[254][270] It was
estimated that more than 80% of the Japanese public
watched his races on television.[272] In 2002, in the wake
of a tourism slump after 11 September terrorist attacks,
Thorpe agreed to be an ambassador for the Australian
Tourism Commission in Japan. The high-prole campaign included a meeting with the Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi. The marketing drive resulted in an
Thorpe (left) with fans in 2000.
upturn in Japanese tourism to Australia, which was credited to Thorpe.[273][274][275][276] In 2005, Yakult released
Thorpe is known for his interests in fashion, and serves as a 'Thorpedo' energy drinkwhich featured a picture of
an ambassador for Armani,[16][260] and has his own line the swimmer on the bottlein Japan.[277] This was part
of designer jewellery and underwear.[260] During his ca- of an equity deal with the So Natural food group, in which
reer, Thorpe was one of the most prominent and popular Thorpe was given a 5% stake in the companyat the time
sportspeople in Australia. Despite competing in a sport in worth A$1.1 min return for the use of his name and imwhich the vast majority of international athletes earnings age on their products. The 15-year deal covers East and
are below the poverty line,[261] marketing surveys consis- Southeast Asia and Thorpes share in the venture could
tently ranked Thorpe as the most sought-after Australian increase to 50% depending on its success.[274][278]
athlete for sponsorship deals, surpassing footballers who
compete on a weekly basis in much larger stadia.[261]
Aside from his swimsuit sponsor Adidas, Thorpe was
sponsored by Australian corporate giants such as Qantas, 7.3 Philanthropy
Telstra, and the Seven Network.[254][262]
Thorpes interests in fashion and culture led him to
make frequent visits to New York Citywhich he describes as a second homeoften for engagements with
Armani and particularly because of the cities status as
a global fashion capital.[16][260][263] He was present at
the World Trade Center on the morning of 11 September 2001, having stopped there on his jog, before returning to his hotel after forgetting his camera.[16][264]
More recently, Thorpe has also emerged as a philanthropist, starting the Ian Thorpes Fountain for Youth in
2000.[279][280] The organisation raises funds for research
into childhood illnesses and sponsors a school in Beijing
for orphaned children with disabilities.[281][282] In addition, it works with The Fred Hollows Foundation to improve health standards and living conditions in Australian
aboriginal communities.[2][281][283]
11
10 References
[1] Hunter, pp. 274275.
[2] Ian Thorpe. Grand Slam International. Archived from
the original on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 14 November
2006.
[3] Hunter, p. viii.
[4] Swimming Worlds World Swimmers of the Year.
Swimming World Magazine. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
Ian Thorpe, Cathy Freeman and Je McMullen were among

some of the speakers at the Close the Gap launch.
[5] Young Australian of the Year 2000. National Australia

Day Council. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
[6] Hunter, p. 75.
[7] Andrews, pp. 434436, 487.
7.4
Depression
[8] Ian Thorpe Career at a glance.

ABC News
(Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 21 November
2006. Archived from the original on 6 August 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2006.
In 2014, it was conrmed that Thorpe had been admitted to a rehabilitation clinic after neighbours found him
dazed near his parents Panania home. Thorpe was taken
[9] Thorpe announces retirement. ABC News (Australian
to Bankstown Hospital by police before being admitted
Broadcasting Corporation). 24 November 2006. Reto a rehabilitation clinic. In his 2012 autobiography This
trieved 29 January 2014.
is Me, Thorpe stated he had considered suicide and had
drunk 'huge quantities of alcohol to deal with 'crippling [10] Cowley, Michael (2 February 2011). Hes back - Thorpe
takes the plunge. The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax
depression'.[284]
Media).
See also
List of Australian Olympic medalists in swimming
List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (men)
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
[11] Jeery, Nicole (2 February 2011). Ian Thorpe back on

the Olympic wagon. The Australian (News Limited).
[12] Tucker, Jim (26 July 2012). Ian Thorpe sets sights on
2013 world championships in Barcelona. The CourierMail (Brisbane: News Limited).
[13] Ian Thorpe to set sights on making Australias Commonwealth Games team. The Courier-Mail (Brisbane: News
Limited). AAP. 28 January 2013.
World record progression 200 metres freestyle
[14] Halloran, Jessica (27 July 2013). Ian Thorpe gives up

on Olympic dreams after shoulder injury. The Sunday
Telegraph (Sydney: News Corp Australia).
[15] Ian Thorpe receives honorary doctorate of letters. The

Guardian. Retrieved 30 September 2014.

World record progression 4 100 metres freestyle
relay
World record progression 4 200 metres freestyle
relay
[16] Gleeson, Michael (22 November 2006). Did you

know?". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media).
Retrieved 22 November 2006.
[17] Cowley, Michael (22 November 2006). A career that sets
the gold standard. The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax
Media). Retrieved 22 November 2006.
[18] Swanton, p. 17.
[19] Hunter, pp. 45.
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[20] Hunter, pp. 16.

[21] Hunter, pp. 19, 102.
Thorpe, Ian; Wainwright, Robert, 1961- (2012).

This is Me. Simon and Schuster Australia. ISBN
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[23] Hunter, p. 20.
12
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[268] Hunter, p. 244.
Ian Thorpe on Twitter
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Ian Thorpe at FINA.org
[270] Hunter, pp. 264265, 275276.
Ian Thorpe at the Internet Movie Database
[271] Swanton, pp. 117, 120.
Ian Thorpes Fountain For Youth
[272] Swanton, p. 120.

[273] Hunter, pp. 292293.
[274] McIntyre, Paul (8 July 2004). Seafood campaign tests
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[275] Hockey, Joe (25 February 2002). Ian Thorpe Australias First Holiday Ambassador in Japan. Government
of Australia. Archived from the original on 14 September
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December 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2006.
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[280] Swanton, p. 114.
[281] Hunter, pp. 331333.
18
13
13
13.1
TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text
Ian Thorpe Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Thorpe?oldid=665840869 Contributors: Manning Bartlett, William Avery, SimonP,
Bdesham, Tim Starling, Zanimum, Delirium, Muriel Gottrop~enwiki, Angela, Ugen64, Andres, Ventura, Markhurd, Ed g2s, Raul654,
Adam Carr, Finlay McWalter, Frazzydee, RadicalBender, Bearcat, Robbot, Chris 73, Xiaopo, 333, Academic Challenger, Flauto Dolce,
Hemanshu, Hadal, JackofOz, Dmn, Centrx, Jacoplane, Seaeagle04, Curps, Alison, Zaphod Beeblebrox, BigHaz, Node ue, Bobblewik, Edcolins, TRIBESMAN, Gadum, Alexf, Geni, Mike R, CryptoDerk, Slowking Man, Antandrus, OverlordQ, Iceager, MistToys, Roisterer,
DragonySixtyseven, Thincat, Beginning, CGorman~enwiki, Ukexpat, Zondor, Grunt, Mike Rosoft, Quill, Alkivar, D6, Perey, Venu62,
Bedders, Moverton, Jie, JohnRDaily, Bender235, MattTM, Kbh3rd, Klenje, Violetriga, Tompw, Mike Hackney, Zenohockey, Lankiveil,
Shanes, Bookofjude, Bobo192, Longhair, Pokrajac, Plasma, MPerel, Stephen Bain, Knucmo2, Jumbuck, Alansohn, Gargaj, Neonumbers,
Riana, Vek~enwiki, CJ, Mysdaao, Idont Havaname, Saga City, Fourthords, Portcullis, Cmapm, Cmprince, Ianblair23, Tariqabjotu, Sam
Vimes, Feezo, I am not good at running, MickWest, Angr, Woohookitty, Fbv65edel, Tabletop, Bdj, GregorB, Karam.Anthony.K, Graham87, Sydneyphoenix, NubKnacker, Dwaipayanc, Canderson7, Rjwilmsi, Mayumashu, MJSkia1, Ian Page, Phileas, Vary, Tangotango,
Harro5, Bruce1ee, Brighterorange, Tomtheman5, Tbone, Sango123, Yamamoto Ichiro, Titoxd, FlaBot, RobertG, RexNL, Threner, Fosnez, Parutakupiu, Terrx, Gareth E Kegg, Nomadtales, Chobot, Benlisquare, Hall Monitor, Digitalme, Gwernol, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, NTBot~enwiki, StuOfInterest, Lincolnite, WAvegetarian, Hornplease, Ansell, CanadianCaesar, Gaius Cornelius, Kimchi.sg, Wimt,
Smartskaft, Lemonade51, Welsh, Joel7687, Chunky Rice, Dawsonlemus, Retired username, Raven4x4x, Tony1, FTota, Jpeob, Wknight94,
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A bit iy, Rusty8, SmackBot, MattieTK, YellowMonkey, Ezratrumpet, KnowledgeOfSelf, Gnangarra, Furry, Blue520, Sue Anne, Davewild, Renesis, Delldot, Eskimbot, Nil Einne, Edgar181, HalfShadow, Peter Isotalo, Gilliam, Portillo, Finduilas 09, Canuck85, Carbon-16,
Mattrix18, Cowman109, Kurykh, GoldDragon, Rogerthat, Persian Poet Gal, DroEsperanto, SchftyThree, LLP, Darius Dhlomo, Adpete,
Gracenotes, Ramas Arrow, Dethme0w, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Mulder416, Ddfree, Shalom Yechiel, OrphanBot, Ww2censor,
Eevee dk, MDCollins, Hippo43, The tooth, Xagent86, Chibeca, Ohconfucius, Nishkid64, Sydney.city.easts, Kuru, Ashoat, Heimstern,
Guat6, JoshuaZ, Mgiganteus1, Larryjones, Bilby, Ranger1206, Slakr, TheHYPO, Genisock2, Ryulong, Ziptnf, Andrwsc, Dl2000, Asyndeton, Polymerbringer, Muro, Wikipediatastic, DavidHOzAu, Seth Cohen~enwiki, Phoenixrod, Courcelles, GiantSnowman, Tawkerbot2, Cryptic C62, JForget, KNM, Spdalmolen~enwiki, CmdrObot, SupaStarGirl, Randalllin, Basawala, Hardrada, Ryanjo, WeggeBot,
Cydebot, Jim09, Jaycangel, Grahamec, A Softer Answer, Lugnuts, DONOVAN, Tawkerbot4, Fghjghhj, Ameliorate!, After Midnight,
Editor at Large, Omicronpersei8, Gimmetrow, Thijs!bot, Biruitorul, Coelacan, AntonioBu, TonyTheTiger, Bernie bernbaum, Daniel,
Kablammo, N5iln, Ashley Thomas, John254, Atranox, Basement12, James086, Notunclefester, CharlotteWebb, Dezidor, Natalie Erin,
CTZMSC3, AntiVandalBot, RobotG, Sgoldblatt, Seaphoto, Yomangani, Dr. Blofeld, AaronY, 17Drew, Blair Bonnett, Qwerty Binary,
Myanw, Ceelorn, JAnDbot, Tony Myers, MER-C, Txomin, B cubed, Rothorpe, Roy1969, Unlucky35, Neohipster, Magioladitis, Yureieggtart, Teshik, Mattb112885, Murgh, Kolindigo, VoABot II, Hooperswim, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Manderiko, Sarctonpsu, Thorpe82,
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Plasticup, Alexandre.dussault, Tdyang, Cometstyles, Massey1991, Mike V, Hoising, JavierMC, Wikipeterproject, Spellcast, WWGB,
Hugo999, VolkovBot, Mjb22, Je G., KindGoat, MenasimBot, Tomer T, Abigailgem, Tsunade92, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, Certiorari,
Hotkeyz, Spacegwt, Karacult, GDonato, Jay95, Anonymous Dissident, DarkandTwisty29, Qxz, Aaron Bowen, HarryHall86, Skateboardingrulz, Gibson Flying V, Schoolboy123, Grumpygrumpy, DaDonski, Taksraven, Ifqu107, LuigiManiac, Shaidar cuebiyar, Sophiegurl57,
Resurgent insurgent, ColdDiablo, JamieNZ, Miki Sharaku, Lantern40, Bobbyman, Pedophile Pete, Davo8, Bahman666, Lakerhoc1121,
JUSTINM0BSCNE, SSKAD, Turok 32, NCNORMAN08, SieBot, StAnselm, DANNITAY, Curious chicken, Caltas, Hamwheel1, Ormdi, Lilibit2, Jimbood, JetLover, ADS BRAKES, Redmarkviolinist, Holymolytree2, Erick880, Steven Zhang, Lightmouse, Randomblue,
Nford24, Dabomb87, Kyro38, 7654321yeah, ClueBot, Playahata36, EoGuy, Dean Wormer, Gaia Octavia Agrippa, Evildoersunite, Grouf,
AusTerrapin, Blankkaleidoscope, Another Matt, Declan Holloway, Mr.Z-man.sock, Wweshadane, Old good days..., Danilo P, Anotheruserhere, Eamoncsl, Aronzak, Goodvac, Aussiegreggles, Thepirateer123, Dthomsen8, Kasper2006, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Kayla.thorpe1, Freakmighty, Cloro, Jbll999, Compwhiz540, Giants2008, Ashishlohorung, Laurinavicius, CanadianLinuxUser, Yboy83, Standfest, Sillyfolkboy,
LinkFA-Bot, Tassedethe, , Numbo3-bot, Lightbot, ScAvenger, Marin 2, Aaroncrick, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Worm That
Turned, Gongshow, AnomieBOT, Rangasyd, Kingpin13, Citation bot, E2eamon, Twiceuponatime, Fredde 99, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Michalnas, Gilo1969, Locos epraix, Mlpearc, Gap9551, Shojego, J04n, Ute in DC, ProtectionTaggingBot, Creation7689, Whatnwas, Jidini,
Philipmj24, Legobot III, Edgars2007, Ausstory2000, MureMan, D'ohBot, Dirtlawyer1, Sambrad, Zabadinho, Full-date unlinking bot,
Canuckian89, Suusion of Yellow, Tbhotch, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, RjwilmsiBot, DASHBot, EmausBot, Ashton 29, Gfoley4, Schumrossi,
Rosh, ZroBot, Aussieswimmer, Jenks24, AvicAWB, 2sc945, H3llBot, Ninja.limmi, L Kensington, Etemtenem, Senator2029, DASHBotAV, Manytexts, ClueBot NG, Obium, Ruth-2013~enwiki, Dr. Zombieman, FreebirdBiker, Tholme, Funwick, BG19bot, Pooonis,
Mulchie, EdwardZhao, Nguyn Ngc Khang, BizarreLoveTriangle, Thepidding, ZappaOMati, Eb7473, Dobie80, Ujongbakuto, Dexbot,
Alishakitty, Partyclams, Re10cc66, VIAFbot, Calebpezman, ArmbrustBot, Frodeno34, Ezelion, Monkbot, Pingumeister, KasparBot and
Anonymous: 452
13.2
Images
File:Bronze_medal_icon_(B_initial).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Bronze_medal_icon_%28B_

initial%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: File:Bronze medal icon.svg Original artist: en:User:Andrwsc and others
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
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File:Gold_medal_icon_(G_initial).svg Source:
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initial%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: File:Gold medal icon.svg Original artist: en:User:Andrwsc and others
13.3
Content license
19
File:Ian_Thorpe{}s_Giant_Hands.jpg Source:
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Hands.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/alwayscanadian/1129504800/ Original artist:
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File:Ian_Thorpe_on_a_plane.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Ian_Thorpe_on_a_plane.jpg License:
CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Flickr Original artist: photo taken by ickr user Ozray50
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Ian Thorpe

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Ian Thorpe

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Ian Thorpe

wealth Games in Glasgow[13] but was forced to abandon

Ian James Thorpe, OAM (born 13 October 1982) is

At the age of 14, he became the youngest male

As a young child, Thorpe was sidelined by an allergy to

After the Athens Olympics, Thorpe took a year away

2 EARLY INTERNATIONAL CAREER

Early international career

2.2 1998 World Aquatics Championships

2.3 1998 Commonwealth Games

1999 Pan Pacic Championships

als for the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia.

to set his 13 individual long course world records. He

Thorpes rise continued when the Australians arrived in

3.1 1999 Pan Pacic Championships

Thorpe left school at the end of the year after completing

World record breaking phase

1999 began with heavy media expectations that Thorpe

The 1999 Pan Pacic Swimming Championships were

3 WORLD RECORD BREAKING PHASE

3.3 2000 Summer Olympics

Thorpe lined up later in the night alongside Klim, Chris

2001 World Aquatics Championships

2001 World Aquatics Championships

With the 2001 Australian Championships held in Hobart

TRACEY MENZIES ERA

lenging yourself.[185] Despite Thorpes assertion that he

Thorpe began competition in 2002 at the Australian

Thorpe and Frost overshadowing the racing.[189] Thorpe

4 Tracey Menzies era

2004 Summer Olympics

2003 World Aquatics Championships

The rst major test of Thorpes partnership with Menzies

Thorpe overbalances on the blocks during the heats of the 400

The pressure in the lead-up was further compounded by

TRACEY MENZIES ERA

Upon his return to Australia, Thorpe withdrew from the

4.4 2011: Attempted qualication for 2012

Thorpes Aquatic Center in Australia.

Thorpe returned to competition at the New South Wales

Thorpe swam the 100 m buttery and 100 m medley in

4.5 2012: Australian Olympic Trials

Ian Thorpss hand prints at the Sydney Aquatic Centre.

Plaque of Ian Thorpe Outside Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre.

During the 2012 Olympic Games, Thorpe worked as a

Thorpes success has been attributed to his work ethic,

2014: Conferred an honorary Doctor of Letters by

2000: Young Australian of the Year[252]

It was during this trip that he appeared on The Tonight

In a July 2014 televised interview with British talk

Ian Thorpe, Cathy Freeman and Je McMullen were among

[5] Young Australian of the Year 2000. National Australia

[8] Ian Thorpe Career at a glance.

[11] Jeery, Nicole (2 February 2011). Ian Thorpe back on

World record progression 200 metres freestyle

[14] Halloran, Jessica (27 July 2013). Ian Thorpe gives up

World record progression 400 metres freestyle

[15] Ian Thorpe receives honorary doctorate of letters. The

World record progression 800 metres freestyle

[16] Gleeson, Michael (22 November 2006). Did you

[20] Hunter, pp. 16.

Thorpe, Ian; Wainwright, Robert, 1961- (2012).

[24] Hunter, pp. 1922.

[25] Swanton, p. 18.