Tamar gogolaZe

sasaubro ena qarTul hagiografiul ZeglebSi

(„SuSanikis wameba", „wameba cxraTa ZmaTa kolaelTa",
„wm. ninos cxovreba")

mterTa Semosevebisa Tu qveynis Znelbedobis mizezebiT I-IV saukuneebis

literaturul Zeglebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. adreuli periodis hagiografiuli
Zeglebi („SuSanikis wameba", „wameba cxraTa ZmaTa kolaelTa", „wm. ninos cxovreba")
ki, romlebic qristianobis gavrcelebis dasawyisisa (IV s.) da misi dacvisaTvis
brZolis periodebs (IV-V s.) asaxavs, IX-XI saukuneebis xelnawerebis saxiTaa
SemorCenili.
sasaubro ena aucileblad ar gulisxmobs zepirTan erTad weriTi metyvelebis
codnas. igi cocxali fenomenia da mxatvrul teqstSi ZiriTadad dialogebSi,
monologebsa Tu avtoris mimarTebaSi moCans. am TvalsazrisiT raime miniSneba ar
arsebobs, gaverkveT personaJebis sasaubro enis specifikaSi, ramdenadac teqsti
qarTulia da qarTveli avtoris enaze dawerili. zemodasaxelebuli uZvelesi
(Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT) teqstebis avtorebi (i. xucesi, ucnobi avtori, l.
mroveli) ZiriTadad cdiloben mkiTxvelis yuradReba miapyron mowamis saqmianobas,
mis Rvawls da mxolod aqa-iq Tu gaielvebs CvenTvis mniSvnelovani fraza. es SeiZleba
gamowveuli iyos ori mizeziT: 1. avtorisaTvis igi araa mniSvnelovani, 2. nawarmoebis
personaJebis mkiTxvelisaTvis ukeT warmoCenis mizniT.
xucesis „SuSanikis wamebaSi" avtori msjelobs qarTlSi, hereTis sapitiaxSoSi,
V saukuneSi momxdar movlenebze da ZiriTadad exeba maRali socialuri fenis
warmomadgenelTa yofa-cxovrebas.
„iakobis dialogebi araCveulebrivad cocxalia. mosaubreni erTmaneTs
elaparakebian Tavisuflad, ekiTxebian, pasuxoben, yvela sityva kavSirSia erTmaneTTan,
igrZnoba mosaubreSi Sinagani azrobrivi asociaciebi. amave dros, yovel am saubars,
iseve rogorc sicocxleSi, moaqvs uzarmazari informacia" (n. janaSia, 1980, gv. 243).
amasve xSirad imeoreben sxva mkvlevarnic. aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom amave
nawarmoebis somxur redaqciebSi es TiTqmis naklebad igrZnoba.
nawarmoebSi moqmedeben qarTvelnic, erovnebiT somexnic (SuSaniki), sparselnic
(sparsi kaci, sparsi mogvi dedakaci). arsadaa miniSnebuli, ra enaze iyo dawerili
„evangele", „wmindani wignni mowameTani", „fsalmunni" (amis garkveva Semdgom
mkvlevarTa naazrevSi gvxvdeba). sparsi ra enaze esaubreba SuSaniksa Tu varsqens,
savaraudod, qarTulad. sparsi mogvi dedakaci avadmyofobisagan gankurnebas SuSaniks
orivesaTvis gasageb enaze qarTulad sTxovs. yovel SemTxvevaSi es ar moCans
nawarmoebSi. savaraudod ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom „SuSanikis wamebis" personaJebi
kargad lavirebdnen uaxloes aRmosavleTis qveynebSi; mSobliuris garda icodnen
somxuric, sparsulic.
ucnobi avtoris Txzuleba „wameba cxraTa ZmaTa kolaelTa" („wamebai yrmaTa
wmidaTa, ricxviT cxraTa"), mkvlevarTa varaudiT, VI saukuneSi (zogan IV saukuneSi)
momxdar movlenebs asaxavs. da Tumca dasawyisi wamebisa zRapruli formuliT („iyo
sofeli erTi") iwyeba, igi realur istorias gadmogvcems: „da iyo umravlesi erTi
soflisai mis warmarTa kerpTamsaxuri da umcroisi ese qristiani, RmrTismsaxuri"
(qarTuli proza, 1982, gv. 183). nawarmoebSi saubroben RmrTismsaxurni (mRvdeli),
sxvadasxva socialuri fenis yrmani, maTi mSoblebi da mTavari. arsadaa miniSneba
mosaubreTa, moqmed personaJTa sasaubro enaze. yvelafris Txroba qarTveli avtoris
mier bunebrivad mimdinareobs.
 gamonakliss saanalizod SerCeuli teqstebidan isev „wm. ninos cxovreba"
warmoadgens. aRniSnuli nawarmoebi exeba qristianobis gavrcelebas saqarTvelSi da
mogviTxrobs wm. ninos cxovrebis gzaze. ramdenadac Tavad teqsti, romelsac Cven
veyrdnobiT, aris ara uZvelesi, aramed leonti mrovelic teqsts (VII saukuneSi
ufro Zveli wyaroebis safuZvelze Seqmnili teqstebis IX saukuneSi literaturuli
gamTlianebis Sedegad), rasac „moqcevai qarTlisai" ewoda da Setanili iqna XI
saukuneSi „qarTlis cxovrebaSi". leonti mroveli iyenebs ra „moqcevai qarTlisais"
teqstebs, dawvrilebiT mouTxrobs mkiTxvels wm. ninos warmoSobaze, bavSvobasa da
Semdgom qristianul Rvawlze.
swored leonti mrovelTan vxvdebiT pirvelad cnobas qarTuli mwignobrobis
dadgenis Sesaxeb: „da ese farnavaz iyo pirveli mefe qarTlisa Sina qarTlosisa
naTesavTagani. aman ganavrco ena qarTuli, da aRara izraxeboda sxva ena qarTlsa Sina
Tvinier qarTulisa da aman Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli" (qarTuli mwerloba, 1987,
gv. 58).
swored l. mrovelTan gvxvdeba informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom mirianma „Seiyvarna
qarTvelni, da daiviwya ena sparsuli da iswavla ena qarTuli" (iqve, gv. 59) da
Tumca mkvlevarni naklebsarwmunod miiCneven am faqts, Cven viyenebT mas, rogorc
teqstis nawils, romlis analizsac vawarmoebT. teqstSi daculi cnobiT, „xolo
mirian mefeTa hmata keTilsa qarTvelTa, sada moiyvana coli saberZneTiT, pontoiT,
asuli oliRotosi, saxeliT nana" (iqve).
teqstis mixedviT, miriani flobs sparsul enas (SemdgomSi iviwyebs), qarTuls
da berZnuls. nanac (berZnulis garda) savaraudod laparakobs qarTulad.
wm. ninos istoria, romelic moTxrobilia teqstSi, Cawerilia „Jamsa
aRsrulebisa misisa, romeli aRwera morwmuneman dedofalman salome ujarmelman, Zis
colman mirian mefisaman, asulman Trdat somexTa mefisaman" (qarTuli mwerloba, 1987,
gv. 64).
aRmweri, savaraudod, unda flobdes somxursa da qarTuls, radgan teqsti
qarTul enaze unda iyos dawerili.
ninos mSoblebi zabiloni da sosana kabadukielni arian. teqstSi moTxrobilia
ambavi zabilonis mier branjTa damarcxebis, datyvevebisa da qristianad moqcevisa.
Tormet wlamde nino mSoblebTan izrdeboda, Semdgom ki igi patriarqis
gadawyvetilebiT msaxurebs niafors, somexsa devnilsa. aq iswavla ninom somxuric,
berZnulis garda. „xolo wminda nino mecnier iyo mcired enasa somxursa, rameTu
pirvel eswavla niaforisgan da pova mwyemsTa maT Soris somxurad mzraxveli da
hkiTxa mas" (qarTuli mwerloba, 1987, gv. 73).
aqve ninos faravnis tbasTan hqonda xilva, rodesac mas moevlina kaci,
romelmac misca dabeWdili wigni. amaze ninom „iwyo tirili da vedrebad misa: _
ufalo, me dedakaci var ucxo da umecari, da arca vici ena (xazi Cvenia _ T.g.),
viTar movide ucxosa qveyanasa da ucxoTa naTesavTa Tana?!" (iqve).
maSin „kacman ganuxsna wigni igi da misca kiTxvad. da weril iyo promaelebr
da beWedi iyo iesosi. dawerili iyvnen wignsa mas Sina aTni sityvani" (iqve, gv. 74).
sityva „hromaelebr", bunebrivia, unda niSnavdes `romaulad", magram ra ena iyo
romis imperiaSi? rogorc cnobilia, imperiis epoqa iyofa sam periodad: principati
(Zv. w. 27 - ax. w. 193), krizisis xana (193-284), dominati (284-476)" (qse, 1984, gv. 435).
am periodisaTvis, anu dominatis dros, Zlierdeba dokletiani, romelic yofs
tetrarqebad saxelmwifos da maT saTaveSi keisrebs Cauyenebs. konstantine I-ma (306-
337) aRadgina imperiis erTianoba, magram SeinarCuna teritoriis dayofa 4
prefeqturad (TiToeuli ki iyofoda 12 diocezad), am periodidan ki imperatoris
xelisuflebis ZiriTad dasayrdenad iqceva qristianoba. sataxto qalaqic gadadis
bizantionSi da mas konstantinepoli ewodeba. aRniSnul epoqaSi kapadokiaSic
berZnulis ena unda dominirebdes. amitom, Cveni azriT, `hromaulad" dawerili
werili berZnul enazea, rac ninom icoda. magram man ar icoda qarTuli ena, razedac
Tavad teqstic migvaniSnebs.
mcxeTaSi, kerpebis msxvrevis Semdeg, ninosTan modis sefeqali, saxeliT SroSana:
`da ixila igi (nino) xesa mas qveSe, gankvirda da moiyvana berZnulad metyveli
dedakaci da hkiTxa gza misi" (qarTuli mwerloba, 1987, gv. 78).
amis Semdeg nino cdilobs daiokos didi xnis cnobiswadili da Seityos sad
mdebareobs uflis kvarTi. amitom „da mravalgzis movidis ubansa uriaTasa enisaTvis
ebraulisa da gamoZiebisaTvis kvarTisa uflisa, romel asmioda ierusalims
niaforisagan, viTarmed _ kvarTi uflisa, mcxeTelT wauRiao" (iqve, gv. 79).
nino aq ipovis ebrael mRvdels abiaTarsa da mis asuls sidonias gaaqristianebs,
Caidens saswaulebs. abiaTar mRvdlis monaTxrobidan Cans, rom „iwyo sityvad
saukuniTagan da wignTa CvenTa zepiriT aRmoityoda da ganmimartebda" (iqve, gv. 81).
aSkaraa, nino Zveli aRqmis wignebsac icnobda kargad.
nino, abiaTari qadageben qristes sjuls: „abiaTar mRvdeli, axali igi pavle,
romeli uSiSrad da daucxroblad qadagebda sjulsa qristessa, romeli friad
mecnier iyo Zvelisa sjulisa da axali ese sjuli eswavla wmidisa ninosgan" (iqve, gv.
85).
dedofal nanas gankurnebis Semdeg mirian mefe dainteresda qristes rjuliT „da
mravalgzis hkiTxaven huriayofilsa mis abiaTars ZvelTa da axalTa wignisa, da igi
auwydebda yovelsa da wigni, romeli hqonda mirian mefesa nebroTisi da masca wignsa
Sina ipova werili esreT" (qarTuli mwerloba, 1987, gv. 87). aSkaraa, mirians esmoda
ebrauli enac, razedac mas unda waekiTxa Zveli da axali aRqmis wignebi da nebroTis
wignic.
dialogi miriansa da ninos Soris ra enaze mimdinareobs, ar Cans teqstidan,
magram dialogis maRalmxatvruloba migvaniSnebs, rom igi orivesTvis gasageb enaze
mimdinareobda: an berZnulad, an ebraulad, an qarTulad.
konstantines mimarT mirianis gagzavnili mociqulebi swored ninos wigns
(werils) waiReben, raTa gamogzavnon mRvdelni naTlisRebisaTvis. qarTlis
mosaxleobis monaTvla mcxeTaSi saberZneTidan mosuli episkoposebis xeliT xdeba.
amis Semdgom teqstSi sasaubro enis Sesaxeb masalas ver vxvdebiT, garda erTi
miniSnebisa, rom hromidan movida wminda patriarqis werili da branji diakoni,
romelsac hqonda branjTa mefis werili ninosTan, rac, savaraudod, berZnul enaze
unda yofiliyo dawerili. sikvdilis win nino mimarTavs salome ujarmelsa da
peroJavri sivniels, rom „moixveniT sawerelni da dawereT glaxaki da udebi
cxovreba Cemi, raTa uwyodian SvilTaca TqvenTa sarwmunoeba Tqveni" (qarTuli
mwerloba, 1987, gv. 107).
Cveni azriT, SeuZlebeli iyo qarTuli enis garda sxva romelime enaze
gakeTebuliyo Canawerebi samomavlod gaqristianebuli qarTvelebisaTvis.
„wm. ninos cxovreba", romelic leonti mrovelis „qarTlis cxovrebis"
redaqciis mixedviT gaanalizebul iqna Cven mier, cxadyofs, Tu ra enaze saubrobda
wm. nino, miriani, nana, abiaTar (pavle) mRvdeli, sidonia, salome ujarmeli da sxva.
XI saukunis ZeglSi swored enaze maxvildeba avtoris yuradReba, rac met
damajereblobas aZlevs warsuli ambis Txrobas l. mrovelis TanamedroveTaTvis.
CvenTvis ki aSkara xdeba, rom sasaubro ena, romelic wm. ninos cxovrebaSia
moxmobili, ZiriTadad qarTulia, rac Tavad mefe mirianis politikidanac
gamomdinareobda. amavdroulad igi migvaniSnebs mcxeTasa da, saerTod. qarTlSi,
mcxovrebTan enobriv mravalferovnebazec (somxuri, berZnuli, ebrauli, sparsuli).
 aRniSnuli sakiTxis kvleva am mcire naSromiT ar dasrulebula. savaraudoa,
swored gviandeli periodis agiografiul teqstebSia saZiebeli bevri ram qarTuli
sasaubro enis istoriis Sesaxeb adrindel saukuneebSi.

damowmebuli literatura

n. janaSia, 1980 - n. janaSia, SuSanikis wameba, Tb., 1980.

qarTuli proza, wigni I, Tb., 1982.
qarTuli mwerloba", t. I, Tb., 1987.
qse, 1984 - qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, Tb., 1984.

TAMAR GOGOLADZE

SPOKEN LANGUAGE IN THE GEORGIAN

HAGIOGRAPHIC LITERATURE

For the reason of invasions or the other hardships of the country A.D. I-IV century literary
monuments have not survived to these days. Earliest hagiographic texts (The Passion of Shushanik,
The Passion of the Nine Brothers of Kola and The Life of Saint Nino) that feature the spread (IV c.)
and the struggle for the defense of Christian faith (IV – V cc.) reached to us in 9th-11th century
manuscripts.
In all the three texts discussed in this paper the language of personages of various ethnicity and
different confessions (of Shushanik, of a Persian man etc) in monologues and in dialogues is Georgian
that makes the text understandable and accessible to the Georgian reader. Also the people of the
different social strata (king, prince, priest, servant…) speak the same language - Georgian.
However, I trace the exception that flash in The Life of Saint Nino, where the author describing
Saint Nino’s dream revelation says: "…and she opened the book and it was written in Roman the
name Jesus."