1.

) Answer (D) Foot applies 200 N force to nose, nose applies an

equal force to the foot. Basic application of Newtons 3rd Law.

2.) Answer: (C) The basketball pushes Joanne to the west. (although the
basketball applies a force to Joanne, she wont accelerate if there is
another force acting on her, such as the force of friction between her
and the floor, to balance out the force.)
3.) Answers: B & D: The force of air resistance on the book is greater
than the force of air resistance on the feather due to the larger crosssectional area of the book (the book moves through more air).
However, the book also experiences a larger downward force due to
gravity due to its larger mass. Even though the force of air resistance is
greater for the book, the proportion of the force of air resistance to the
force of gravity on the book is smaller than that for the feather. The
book has a larger net force on it, and also a larger proportion of force
to mass, resulting in a larger downward acceleration.
4.) Answer: (B) mg(1-cos)
Begin with a diagram, free body diagram.

Writing a Newtons 2nd Law equation in the y-direction provides the

appropriate relationship to solve for the applied force.

5.) Answer: (C) The tension in the spheres would double.

When each team of horses is pulling on the spheres, the tension from each
team is the same, with each team pulling in opposite directions. Whatever
force one team pulls with, the other team must pull back with an equal
magnitude force, otherwise the sphere would accelerate. This is the same as
the force that would be exerted if one side of the sphere was held motionless
while one team of horses pulls on a hemisphere. By attaching both teams (all
30 horses) to the same hemisphere, and fixing the opposing hemisphere in
place, double the force of one team is obtained between the hemispheres.
6.)Answer: (A) 2T1/7

Remember, when dealing with a system, you deal with the system as a
whole first! That means you consider the net force acting on the
system as a whole (in this case, T1) and the entire mass of the system
(in this case 7 kg) to solve for the acceleration of the whole system
(a=T1/7kg) . Then, make use of the fact that all parts of a system must
have the same acceleration (They are moving together). Then, you
can analyze the force acting on a piece of the system, along with the
mass of just that piece of the system.

(although not really necessary for this problem, remember that all
internal forces (forces acting within a system) dont contribute to the
net force or acceleration of the system. T2 here is an internal force!
Analyzing the system as a whole, T1=(7kg)a, therefore a=T1/7kg
Looking at just the 2-kg block, T2=(2kg)a. Substituting in the acceleration of
the system (since both blocks must have the same acceleration), you find
T2=2T1/7
7.) If the acceleration of the system is the same, then T 1 must increase in
order to provide the necessary force to keep the acceleration the same.
F=ma. Since the mass of the system increased, the force (T 1) must also
increase. T2 must increase for the same reason, since it is now acting on
more mass. However, we can be more specific with our answer. Lets solve
for how much force it would take to accelerate the new system in terms of T 1.

Our new T1 has to be 9/7 as great as the old T1. We can do the same
thing for our new T2 that would be required to accelerate 4 kg now
instead of 2 kg.
Notice that this is twice the amount T2 was in the first part of the problem.

8.) T2 is pulling 4 kg forward.

9.) Draw a free-body diagram. Notice that forces acting in the xdirection (the direction parallel to the slope) are the x-component of
gravity (Fgsin()) and the force of friction. The normal force is equal in
magnitude to Fgcos. (If you dont remember why, look back to your
notes on incline planes!!!) If Jane is going at a constant speed, that
means the acceleration is zero, and the net force acting on Jane is also
zero! The x-component of gravity must then be equal in magnitude to
the force of friction.
10.) First draw a free body diagram for the two

masses.
Next you can write out Newtons 2nd Law
equations for the two objects, keeping in mind the
y-axis we have chosen curving around the pulley.
T1 m1g = m1a
m2g T2 = m2a

Combining these equations and recognizing T 1=T2

because this is an ideal, massless pulley, you can
then solve for the acceleration of the system.

Then, you can use kinematics equations and the acceleration you just
found to solve for the distance.

11.) A > D=F > B > C=E

A simple analysis of the Atwood Machines shows that the acceleration of the
system is equal to the net force divided by the sum of the masses.
Summarizing in table form:

12.) Answer: The vehicle remains at rest.

Students may approach their justification in multiple ways. An example of a
strong answer could include references to all three of Newtons Laws (i.e. the
vehicle will remain at rest because it is not acted upon by an outside force.
You can observe this as the spinning fan imparts a force on the air molecules,
which, by Newtons 3rd Law, apply an opposing force on the fan blades. The
air molecules impact the sail, imparting a force on the sail, while the sail
imparts an opposing force back on the air molecules. Because both the fan
and the sail are part of the same object, the opposing forces on the sail and
fan blades balance each other out, resulting in no net force. According to
Newtons 2nd Law, if there is no net force, there is no acceleration,
therefore the vehicle remains at rest.
13.) A free body diagram showing all the forces on the rope is quite
helpful in this situation. Note that the tension in the portion of rope
connected to the fence post must be the same as the tension in the
portion of rope connected to Paisley.
If the force is just strong enough to pull the horse out of the mud, then
the net force acting on the rope is zero. That means the rope must be
pulling with 500 N to the right to balance Lindas 500 N to the left.
However, that 500 N is coming from the x-component of the tension in
the rope. To solve for the tension, note that rope is pulling Linda from
two sides, the side from the fence post and the side from the horse. Each
side will be offering up half of the force needed to balance out the 500 N from
Linda.

14.) First draw a free body diagram for the car on the banked curve, then
another diagram
showing the components of the normal force acting on the car.

The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface. Since the car is
going around a curve, there must be a net centripetal force acting on
the car, acting in the direction of the center of the curve. From the
diagram above, the only force acting in that direction is the xcomponent of the normal force. Therefore, it is equal to the net
centripetal force. Also from the diagram, the y component of the
normal force is balancing out gravity. Write Newtons 2nd law equations
for the x and y directions. Then, solve for the normal force using the y
direction. Substitute that into your equation for the x-direction, and
solve for the angle.

15.)

The students mass has inertia and wants to stay at rest. In order to
accelerate her mass, an unbalanced force must be applied. The reading on
the scale shows not only the force of her normal weight, but has an additional
unbalanced force causing her mass to accelerate.

16.) Answer:
You must first recognize that the radius of the satellites orbit is 3R, the
radius of the planet plus the altitude of the satellite above the surface of the
planet. Then, a force analysis recognizing the gravitational force of attraction
provides a centripetal force yields:

17.) Answer: b
F=mg. Earth exerts a greater force on the object that has greater
mass. (if both were dropped, they would have the same acceleration)
18.) Answer: c
M is the mass of the object creating the gravitational field (Earth), not
the object in it. In that case, all the variables in the formula for the
gravitational field strength at that height above the Earth are the
same.
19.) Answer:c
The force of gravity between two object is from the formula to the left.
The objects exert the same force on each other. (This could also be

thought of from a Newtons third law perspective. The forces are an

action-reaction pair)
20.) this is the formula for gravitational field strength. First, see how
the value for g would change if M is doubled, and R is halved.
The gravitational field strength is 8 times as strong.
If a person weighs 700 N on Earth (lets use 10 m/s2 for g) then we
can calculate his/her mass.
Then we can calculate the weight with the gravitational field strength
that is 8 times as strong.
21.) You must first find what happens to the tension in the rope if the
speed is doubled. Tension is the force causing circular motion, so it is a
centripetal force.
The tension is quadrupled. Now we must deal with the uncertainty.
Multiply the smallest possible value for tension by 4, and the biggest
possible value by 4.
Those are your biggest and smallest predicted values. To get your
value with uncertainty, add them up and divide by two. Then, include
your range as the uncertainty.
22.) Again, deal with the system as a whole first. Lets say that the
direction m2 is falling is the positive direction. Then, the forces acting
on the system are the force of gravity from m2 in the positive direction,
and the x-component of the force of gravity acting on m1 in the
negative direction. The forces of tension cancel out (They are internal
forces!) We can then use newtons 2nd law for the system to find the
acceleration of the system.
To find the tension, we will analyze the block m2, and consider the two
forces acting on it. (You could also use m1 instead. Try it! see if you
get the same answer!) m2 must have the same acceleration as the
system. The net force acting on it will be the force of gravity acting on
it minus the force of tension.
23.) As the applied force is increased, the force of static friction must
increase as well to keep the box in equilibrium. However, once the
applied force is greater than the maximum force of static friction, the

box will start to move. Now the applied force is kept the same.
However, since the box is moving, it is now resisted by kinetic friction.
The magnitude of kinetic friction is lower than the maximum force of
static friction. Therefore, the applied force is greater than the force of
friction, and there is a net force in the direction of motion, meaning
that the box will accelerate.