AMME2261 / 9261 Fluid Mechanics 1

Review Lecture
Semester 1, 2015

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015

Course Aims
When you complete this unit of study you will have:
an understanding of the basic equations governing the statics and
dynamics of fluids;
the ability to analyze and determine the forces applied by a static fluid;
the ability to evaluate the relevant flow parameters for fluid flow in
internal engineering systems such as pipes and pumps (velocities,
losses, etc.) and external systems such as flow over wings and airfoils
(lift and drag).
Course content includes basic concepts of:
viscosity, density, continuum, pressure, force, buoyancy, acceleration,
continuity, conservation of momentum, streamlines, Bernoulli equation,
Euler equation, Navier-Stokes equation.
Experiments introduce methods of flow observation.
M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Topics
Topic

Weeks

Chapter
in text

1, 2

Module 2: Fluid Statics, Buoyancy and Stability

2-4

Module 3: Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics

5-7

4, 5

9 - 11

12 - 13

8, 9

Module 1: Introduction & Fluid Properties

Module 4: Applied Fluid Dynamics 1 dimensional analysis

Module 5: Applied Fluid Dynamics 2 inviscid flows
Module 6: Applied Fluid Dynamics 3 simple viscous flows
Review lecture
M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015

Module 1: Introduction & Fluid Properties

1. scope of fluid mechanics
2. the definition of a fluid
3. methods of analysis

Past exam questions:

2012 Q1
2013 Q1
2014 Q8

4. dimensions and units

very important for dimensional analysis

5. fluid as a continuum
6. viscosity

shear stress, torque on journal bearing, pipe wall stress, Couette

flow

7. surface tension

M.J. Cleary

capillary rise/fall
AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 2: Fluid Statics, Buoyancy and Stability

Past exam questions:
2012 Q2,Q9
2013 Q2,Q9
2014 Q3

1.

Derivation of an equation for pressure

pressure variation through an atmosphere,

variation with altitude, standard atmosphere

2.

Hydraulic pressure and manometers

pressure difference, summing pressures through a manometer,

differentiating between pressure change due to wall friction and
pressure change due to altitude change, calculating forces on hydraulic
jacks

3.

Hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces

methods of calculation (integrate fundamental form or remember

algebraic expressions), tabulated 1st and 2nd moments of area, parallel
axis theorem

4.

plane & curved surfaces of different shapes

Buoyancy and stability

displacement, waterline depth, numerical integration, metacentric height

and criterion for stability
M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 3: Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics

Part A: Integral Forms of Governing Equations
1. Conservation of mass (continuity)
2. Conservation of linear momentum
3. Conservation of angular momentum

numerous examples in class, tutorials and practice problems

forces on pipe couplings, drag on simple objects

know how to locate a control surface to simplify analysis

Past exam questions:
2012 Q3,Q10
2013 Q3,Q10
2014 Q6,Q9

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 3: Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics

Part B: Differential Forms of Governing Equations
1. When to use differential forms of the governing equations
2. Conservation of mass

permissible velocity fields

3. Conservation of momentum (Navier-Stokes and Euler equations)

solution possible for very simple cases, know how to simplify the
equations (removing terms)

may be required to solve one-dimensional differential equations

Past exam questions:
2012 Q4
2013 Q4
2014 Q2

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 4: Applied Fluid Dynamics 1 dimensional

analysis
1. Experimental fluid mechanics
2. The Buckingham Pi Theorem

Know how to use it. Many examples. Quiz 3.

3. Determining non-dimensional groups

4. Significant non-dimensional groups

Reynolds number for viscous flows

Froude number for gravitational flows (e.g. a ships wake)

5. Flow similarity and model experiments

dynamic similarity between model and prototype

Past exam questions:
2012 Q5
2014 Q4,Q10

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 5: Applied Fluid Dynamics 2 inviscid flows

Part A: Euler Equation
1.

Navier-Stokes equation with viscous stress terms removed

2.

obtain solutions to differential equations e.g. flow over cylinder

Euler Equation along and transverse to a streamline

What is a streamline?

concepts related to velocity/pressure coupling, pressure change normal to a

streamline

Past exam questions:

2012 Q7,Q10

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 5: Applied Fluid Dynamics 2 inviscid flows

Part B: Bernoulli Equation
1.

2.

Derivation of the Bernoulli Equation

for exam know how to use Bernoulli equation

know the limitations of Bernoulli equation (steady, inviscid, incompressible,

along a streamline)

concept of streamlines, ideal inviscid flow over cylinder/sphere

Static, stagnation and dynamic pressures

3.

calculation of pressure at leading edge stagnation point, minimum/maximum

pressure on the surface of a wing etc.

Calculation of velocity from pressure measurements (pitot-static system)

Past exam questions:
2012 Q7
2013 Q5
2014 Q7
M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 5: Applied Fluid Dynamics 2 inviscid flows

Part C: Potential Flow Theory
1.

Definitions of stream and potential functions

integrate to obtain velocities

Cartesian and polar coordinates

definitions will be given to i.e.

2.

Laplaces Equation

3.

Plane elementary flows

4.

u=

u=

v=

v=

Vr =

1
r

V =

1
r

V =

Vr =

know what uniform flow, source, sink, irrotational vortex and doublet look
like

do not need to remember stream and potential functions, they will be given

Superposition of plane elementary flows to create comple

Rankine body flow, etc.

M.J. Cleary

Past exam questions:

new topic this year

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 5: Applied Fluid Dynamics 2 inviscid flows

Part D: Turbomachinery
1.

Euler turbomachine equations

velocity diagrams, shockless flow (blade angles and pump speed) torque,
power and head calculations

Past exam questions:

2012 Q6
2013 Q6
2014 Q5

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

Module 6: Applied Fluid Dynamics 2 simple viscous

flows
1. Introduction to internal viscous flows

concept of entrance length, Reynolds number dependence

2. Fully developed laminar pipe flow

parabolic velocity profile, mean velocity, pressure loss as function

of volumetric flow rate

3. Introduction to external viscous flows

4. Flow over immersed bodies, lift and drag

viscous and pressure drag, flow separation

drag coefficient empirical values, Stokes flow

terminal velocity / static equilibrium

lift, basic concepts, lift coefficient

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

Past exam questions:

2012 Q3,Q8
2013 Q3,Q7,Q8
2014 Q1,Q6
2015 I

The Exam
Two sections:
Part A multiple choice, 8 questions, 7 marks each, answer all 8
questions
Part B worked solutions, 2 questions, 22 marks each, part-marks will
be awarded, answer both questions
10 minutes reading time and 2 hours writing time.
Question style similar to lecture examples, in-class assignments, quizzes
and past exams.
Note that exams in 2012, 2013 and 2014 were 1.5 hours. More depth to
questions this year.
Exam Front Page and Formulae Sheet are available on Blackboard.
Last two years exam also available on Blackboard (will not be making
solutions available).
M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I

The Exam
Exam Front Page
Formulae

M.J. Cleary

AMME2261 FLUID MECHANICS 1

2015 I