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Accidents in construction industry due to poor safety

By
Ikhwak singh
Ajay gupta
Kunwar kharbanda
Meera v.rajan
Report submitted for the fulfilment of the requirement for the course
NTCC CODE & SUBJECT NAME

Under the guidance of


Mr. Nihar Nanyam

School of Construction, RICS SBE ,Amity University

Certificate
This is to certify that the report entitled ------------ is a bonafide record of the work carried out
by ---------------, in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the course ---------------. He has
worked under my supervision and guidance in the --------------------------- and has fulfilled the
requirements for the submission of his report.
The content of this report have not been submitted in part or full to any other University or
Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Nihar Nanyam
Assistant Professor
School of Construction
RICS School of Built Environment
Amity University

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project work
entitled
ACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
DUE TO POOR SAFETY
submitted to RICS SCHOOL OF BUILT ENVIORMENT,
Amity University is a record of an original work
done under the guidance of
Mr.Niham Nanyam . The results embodied in this
thesis have not been submitted to any
other University or Institute for the award of any
degree or diploma.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mr. Nihar Nanyam who
gave us the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic Accidents in
construction industry due to poor safety which also
helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to
know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly we would also like to thank our parents
and friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this
report within the limited time frame.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.What are accidents?
2.Causes of accidents(30 causes)
3.Neglecting poor safety
4.Precautions that could be taken at a construction site
5.Methods that could be adopted.
6.Public protection
7.Excavators (Heavy construction equipments)
8. Costs to accidents at construction site.
9. Benefits of accident prevention

List of figures with their description


Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.5

Accident showing due to


poor working practices
Accident showing due to
lifting heavy materials
Accident showing due to
lack of safety
Accident showing due to fire
hazards
Accident showing due to
trolleys

WHAT ARE ACCIDENTS?


An accident or a disaster and unplanned occasion or condition,
frequently with absence of plan or need. It normally infers a by
and large negative conclusion which may have been maintained a
strategic distance from or avoided had circumstances paving the
way to the mischance been perceived, and followed up on,
preceding its event. Damage counteractive action alludes to
exercises intended to anticipate and maintain a strategic distance
from mishaps.

Accidents are especially of basic sorts (slamming of cars,


occasions bringing about flame, and so on.) are examined to
distinguish how to stay away from them later on. This is some of
the time called main driver investigation, however does not by
and large apply to mischances that can't be deterministic-ally
anticipated. A main driver of an unprecedented and absolutely
arbitrary mishap might never be recognized, and accordingly
future comparative mishaps stay "unplanned."

Cause of accidents
As we all known that accident is an unplanned activity
and hence an accident dont have any specific cause to

occur, the causes of accidents varies from situation to


situation.

30 Causes of accidents
Accidents from scaffolding generally, there is a trend in
construction site to provide scaffolding works in standard
specifications. this is dangerous and there is a every chance for
falling down of labors from the scaffolding. in order to avoid these
accidents it is extremely necessary and mandatory to provide
scaffolding as per specification by the combatant authorities. This
will provide safety to the workers and the construction managers
should insist on this.

Accidents while piling if proper precautions are not taken,


there is every chance that workers can fell into the piling pit filled
with bentanine slurry .so proper precautions should be taken.
Fencing etc should be provided to resist passengers through the
area.

Accidents in improper centering centering should be


provided as per standard specifications of relevant code of
practice. If improper centering may lead to the collapse of
centering during concreting and there is every chance for loss of
life of workers and consequent legal proceedings .

Accidents from balconies and staircases if balconies


and staircases are not provided with proper temporary hand rails
there is every chance for the workers and other supervising staffs
to fell from the staircase of balconies. In muilty storey
construction sites, proper netting arrangements should be
provided underside of balconies, so that if a worker accidently fall
from balconies will stay on the netting and he can be rescued.

Accidents in lift well during construction the door openings


of lifts well should be properly covered to avoid accidents .

Accidents occurred from falling of materials from


the top workers should be provided with helmets, safety coats
and proper arrangements also should be taken as per conditions
of site to avoid such type of falling.

Accidents in improper lifting arrangements of


materials the temporary lifting arrangements are not
provided as per standard specifications, there is every chance for
the failure of the lifting arrangements.

Accidents in improper and careless electrical


installation during construction electrical equipments will
become necessary the electricity for running these machineries
are taken from temporary connections. If the temporary
connections are not properly managed, there are chances for
accidents from electrical connections.

Accidents from fire hazards during construction,


imflammeble materials like kerosin, and petroleum gases for
building works are most common. Workers generally have a trend
for smoking in construction sites. If proper precautions are not
taken, there is every chance for fire hazards.

Accidents occurring during reinforcement work


from overhead electric lines in some construction sites,
low tension electrical lines and high tension electrical lines may
pass near the construction site. Generally to the building is large
naturally the length of reinforcement will also be long. If the
worker are not provided with proper insulation materials in
handling reinforcement, there is every hence for disaster from
electricity.

Accidents from improper stocking of chemicals

generally many type of chemicals are used in construction site. If


it is not stocked carefully and handled carefully there is every
chance for accidents from these chemicals.

Accidents from improper internal wiring if wirings are


not provided properly, accidents can happen from shorts circuits.

Accidents from lifting and moving heavy materials

lifting and moving of heavy materials are not done carefully, then
accidents can happen.

Accidents in well foundations during brick construction,


the proper precautionary measures are not taken, workers may
fell into the well.

Accidents due to falling of earth in trenches during


earth work it is a common type of accidents. If proper safety
measures are not taken, earth may fall from the side trenches
causing causality to the workers.

Accidents from improper handling of construction


tools construction equipments like chisels, screwdrivers are
generally used in construction sites .one worker may need a
particular tool or chisel, for his work and if there is scarcity of that

particular tool, workers may exchange such tools for their work.
Some workers may through such tools to other workers for his
work. in which there is chance for accidents. after using the chisel
or tools there is a tendency to keep the tools to the side of the
wooden materials and there is some persons passing along the
side may met with accidents from these tools.

Accidents from trolleys

if railing of trolleys are not fixed


properly and trolleys are not handled properly,accidents can
happen.these type of accidents are caused nearly due to
negligence which will be viewed seriously by the safety
authorities.

Accidents while sleeping in construction site there


is a tendency in construction sites for sleeping of workers after
their meals in places where ever they work.Accidents from
pointed materials in site like iron rods etc in construction
site,after cutting steel rods in proper measurements there will be
balance bit rods which cannot be used for construction works and
which will be dumped in the site. If these materials are not
properly stocked, there is every chance for accidents from these
materials.

Accidents due to poor communication there should be


proper interaction between workers who are doing connective
works. if proper interaction and communication is not provided
accidents can happen.

Accidents due to poor working practices there should


be specific working practice in a site which should be insisted by
the supervisors. If a particular work, two teams are doing in
different ways there is chance for accidents.

Accidents due to old machineries as far as possible, old


and non-working machineries should not be used. Since there is
every chance for accidents from non-working old machineries.

Accidents due to poor behavior there should be strict


supervision to look into such activities. If it is not controlled
workers may quarrel each other using the tools available in the
construction site.

Accidents due to self-carelessness if proper care and


consciousness is not taken accidents may happen. Proper
awareness should be given to everybody working in the site.

Accidents due to lack of education/awareness if


proper education or awareness is not given, accidents may
happen due to lack of awareness or education .

Accidents due to lack of safety if proper safety


measures is not taken, accidents may happen.

Accidents due to old hand tools as far as possible old


hand tools should be avoided or else workers might get hurt.

Accidents due to unsafe access temporary hand rails,


fencings etc. should be provided to avoid accidents in access.

Some figures of causes of accidents

Figure1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure1.3

Figure1.4

Figure1.5

Shortcuts causes accidents


Workers are sometimes lazy; they sometimes take shortcuts
which may lead to accidents... Be that as it may, when laborers
take alternate routes at work, particularly when they are working
around hazardous hardware or deadly chemicals, they are just
presenting themselves to a potential calamity. In any case
alternate routes that are undertaken the employment are not
really easy routes.Taking such shortcuts is a risk of injury, or
worse, death.

Neglecting Safety Procedures


We see this in our day to day life. In India most of the workers
neglect safety procedures. Deliberately disregarding set security

strategies in the working environment jeopardizes the specialists


around you and in addition the organization in general. Easily
after security systems doesn't work either. Specialists are paid to
take after working environment security techniques and not their
own.

Mechanical factors and environmental factors


Mechanical factors include perilous mechanical configuration and
development ,risks arrangement, improper mechanical guarding,
defective device, improper handling of material ,leaking and so
on.
Environmental factors include too low and too high temperature
which causes shivering and sweating, too high humidity to cause
fatigue and drowsiness and illumination inadequate rest and
brakes between working hours,poor house keeping,noise,flash
coming from ear by machinery or equipment etc.

Personal factors like age,health,lack of awareness,knowledge,attitude to work,etc.

Risk-Taking and Warnings


Risk-Taking as a Decision Process
Individuals must know a danger exists, realize what
activities are accessible, & know the results of the safe
behavior vs. alternative behaviors
Written Warnings and Warning Labels
Accurately convey the hazards of a product
Should include a signal word, info pertaining to the
hazard, consequences, & necessary behavior
Danger: Immediate hazard likely results in severe
injury
Warning: Hazard could result in injury

Caution: Hazard or unsafe use my result in minor


injury

Accident Investigation Levels of


Causes
Fundamental causes
Management Safety &Decisions
Individual Factors
Environmental factors
and
Unsafe act
unsafe condition

Indirect causes

and
Unplanned Release of Energy
And/or
Dangerous Material

Direct causes
MISHAP
Individual Injury
Property damage

PRECAUTIONS THAT SHOULD BE


TAKEN AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE
Consistently in the construction business, individuals are
murdered or harmed as a consequence of being struck by moving
plant. Accidents happen all through the development process,
from preparations to completing works. Chiefs, specialists, site
guests and general society can all be at danger if construction
vehicle exercises are not legitimately overseen and controlled.

Methods that could be used for


prevention of the accidents:
1. Perform an exhaustive stroll through of the site. Distinguish and
evaluate any working environment dangers and record anything
that may be viewed as risky. Tell your directors of conceivable
dangers that he/she ought to think about.
2. Train all faculties in work-site security and working systems
either on location or at a preparation office.
3. Preparing ought to incorporate legitimate lifting systems to
help diminish regular back wounds maintained at work.
4 .Identify and check all kind of unsafe materials. Focus any
danger included to work force.
5 .Label and store any materials esteemed dangerous in fitting
holders and secure them in a safe area. Post precautionary
measures for taking care of close-by. Verify there is a MSDS
(material wellbeing information sheet) for all possibly risky
chemicals/materials.
6. Inspect equipments to make sure it is working appropriately. Be
watchful for uncommon clamors and jerky developments.
7. Use harnesses and other wellbeing gear when performing on
top of a roof or on scaffoldings.

8 .Provide all the workers with personal defensive equipments,


including hard caps, wellbeing goggles and boots, work gloves,
ear attachments (or an alternate type of assurance) and face
veils.
9. Make certain OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration) guidelines are met. Take after all suggestions and
orders from word related wellbeing and security overseers. On the
off chance that you work for a privately owned business, ask
directors whether they've procured or gotten a wellbeing and
security monitor.
10. Plan for crises. Administrators and site laborers ought to
comprehend what to do if there should arise an occurrence of
electrical, mechanical, power disappointments, or wounds.
Secure general society by blockading the development site amid
work hours. In the wake of working hours, bolt all purposes of
section.
Arranging a safe site ought to start before the development stage.
There are particular obligations put on those included inside the
development methodology, including customers, creators, CDM
co-ordinators and foremen. The area 'Overseeing development
transport' manages these parts in more detail.
This segment gives direction on the most proficient method to
build a safe working environment for vehicle operations. The
general message is straightforward safe work environments are
accomplished by dividing walkers and vehicles and giving peril
free activity course

Pedestrian routes
Secure passerby courses on location which give safe person on
foot access to work zones. Passerby courses ought to be either
placed a safe separation far from territories of vehicle action or
gave suitable physical insurance, for example, considerable
fencing and/or kerbs, to avert people on foot being struck by
vehicles or their heaps.

Precaution taken during pipe works.


1.
When arranging new establishments and remodel works,
verify that the arrangements incorporate valves, infusion and
washout focuses to encourage compelling cleaning and
sanitization of the pipework.
2.
As far as is practicable, if universally useful or particular
vehicles are utilized for water supply development and repair
obligations, don't utilize those vehicles for different obligations
where sullying may be common (e.g. sewerage work).

Public protection
To avert development vehicle operations jeopardizing the general
population, significant safety measures ought to be taken,
contingent upon the way of the site and work, counting the
procurement of:
Suitable vehicles;
Suitable walker and vehicle activity administration frameworks;
Site fencing;
Signalers or security monitors; and
Successful vehicle immobilization frameworks and key authority

Excavators:
Excavators are included in numerous accidents. They generally
happen when excavators slew around, opposite and move around
site.
To avoid such mischances:
Excavators ought to be outfitted with sufficient perceivability
supports to guarantee drivers can see zones where individuals
may be at danger from the operation of the machine;
Individuals ought to be avoided the territories of excavator
operation by the procurement of suitable obstructions;
a signaler ought to be given and in a safe position to control the
excavator's operation and any person on foot develop

Twofold Check Your Work Areas


Scaffolds are a basic piece of most development destinations and
are connected with a high number of wounds. So when you are
going to be working on them, you must ensure your safety first.
Check with your supervisor or find out yourself whether the
scaffolds have been assessed by an expert or an able individual.
Never take a shot at a deficient platform which does not have a
very strong platform or the base.
Ladders are other essential construction site tools with a high
potential for danger. Check the ladder thoroughly before using it.
If you find any part of the ladder wobbly, do not us it. A ladder
should be of proper strength and of a height that always keeps it
at least one meter above the landing. All of the steps or slabs of
the ladder must be secured properly. The upper and lower end of
the ladder should preferably be fastened or secured properly. If
not, ensure there is someone manually keeping it secure in order
to prevent a fall from height.

Be Vigilant with Electricity and


Equipment:
Construction sites require a lot of electrical installations. Lifting
equipment mostly involves electricity and weights. When working
with such equipment, you need to be extra cautious to see there
is no wear and tear in the machine and also to follow the safety
precautions listed for the equipment. If you do not know them,
seek help and instructions from a site supervisor or co-worker who
has worked with the equipment before.
If you are using plugged-in portable devices, such as grinders or
drills, you should always watch that the links are secured, the
metal packaging is grounded, and the force supply is given an
earth spillage electrical switch. Never permit the electrical
instruments to interact with water.
Never stand or work immediately below a heavy suspended load.
And always check that you are not exceeding the permissible
levels of load.
You'll need proper training before operating some equipment,
including a material hoist and a crane. Ensure the hoist is
operated only after the gates are locked properly. Know the
working load limits of a hoist and never exceed those limits. Most
importantly, when using material hoists, make sure the
communication between you and the operator are clearly
understood. Any error here can cause a major accident on the
site.

Maintain Fencing and Prevent Fires


Notice the number of fatal injuries and falls that happen in areas
where there is no fencing. Perilous regions that you see without
fencing or with broken and harmed fencing ought to be kept away
from until they are totally repaired or a fitting fencing is set up. If
this is not happening in time, inform your site supervisor
immediately.

With the machinery that is present, along with combustible


chemicals and welding operations, there is always a possibility of
fire on a construction site. Be alert and take some measures to
prevent them. Open flames should be kept away from
construction sites because of the presence of flammable
materials (especially on oil rig sites).
All specialists ought to know the break or passageway course if a
blaze happens. Knowing where the flame dousers are and how to
utilize them may turn out to be extremely profitable by and large
and is in this manner very suggested. Head honchos ought to
prepare laborers to utilize this crisis gear.

Protective Apparel and PPE


Employers are supposed to provide their workers with proper
protective gear and clothing. If you as a worker do not have them,
demand them from your employer and wear them correctly. Wellfitted helmets and protective eyewear are a must. Ear plugs or
muffs for working in noisy areas and protective gloves when
dealing with toxic chemicals should be worn. Anti-slip footwear
and protective apparel are necessary for those working in toxic or
dusty environments. Make sure you wear them. Fall harnesses are
very important for every construction worker. Ensure your harness
is sturdy and secured to a strong anchorage point when you are
working at heights.
At sites where there is a lot of movement of heavy vehicles,
workers should wear highly visible clothing so that they can be
located and seen easily. Because construction workers have to be
working outdoors regardless of weather conditions, they also
should have some climate protective gear and clothing.

Keep First Aid Close


While it may not be feasible for laborers to convey medical aid
supplies with all of them the time, both the site boss and foreman
ought to guarantee that emergency treatment is constantly

available to the specialists. If as a worker you find that first aid


you will need is not around, inform your supervisor immediately.
Basic first aid for minor burns, cuts, and falls should be available
on site so that the required medical assistance can be provided to
the workers immediately. This is beneficial to the employer, as
well, because this ensures that after resting for some time, the
worker can return to his work as soon as possible. Some injuries
when treated immediately helps in limiting the damage
immensely and prevents infections from spreading.

Last Thoughts
A development laborer needs to be watchful at all times. Zones
that are not appropriately lit must be dodged until fitting lighting
is given. You ought to likewise abstain from playing with their
work equipments. Always follow instructions during an
emergency, if you notice any unsafe condition, such as a floor
opening that is uncovered or not fenced, inform your co-workers
and supervisor immediately. Construction workers play one of the
important roles in our modern society. It's their job to provide safe
buildings, bridges, and many other assets for society; the workers
owe it to themselves and their employers to work safely.
Attorney Mark Hassakis is one of the top personal injury lawyers
at the Hassakis & Hassakis, P.C. law firm in Southern Illinois. He is
proficient in all the areas of personal injury and worker's
compensation and has successfully represented individuals in the
most complicated cases of personal injury law.

COSTS TO ACCIDENTS AT
CONSTRUCTION SITES:
1)Product and material damage
As any accidents occurs at construction site,company has to loss
or pay a huge amount in the form of materials,products.
For example:

Piper Alpha(BP refinery fire in 1987)


Estimated cost of over 2 billion
cost 50 million in property harm
cost further 50 million because of business problems

2)Lost production time


As any accidents happened at construction site there should be a
delay in construction due to lost of produts,materials and to set
the thing again back 0to the convenience.

3) Overtime & temporary labour

Workers have to do overtime due to delay in construction in order


to done project at time.

4) Fines
Any accident happens due to poor safety or carelessness ,so
company have to pay fine if accidents haapens according to law
and order .

5)Loss of expertise/experience
If a worker meet for
with harmed
an accident specialist
,he/she is not able
do work so =
Compensation
overto period
company hay to hire new one which is less experienced or say
amature.
For example

LostHSEcreation/medicinal
work obliged = 8000
COMPANY~

small designing firm (15 laborers)


workers sleeve found on pivoting drill
both bones in lower arm broken
12 days in clinic
off labor for 3 months
admin obligations for 5 months
unable to work apparatus for 8 months
managing Director Prosecuted
2 workers made excess to avert organization

Additional time wages to cover lost creation =3000


Compensation for substitution worker
=7000
Loss of time of chief/MD

=4000

Legitimate expenses
=3000
Fines
and Costs
court costs
Total
to Company =4000
Increment in Insurance Premiums

=6000

Total cost to business = 45000

6) Bad publicity/company lost value


If any accident happens the one of most popular problem face by
the the company is negative feedback through newspapers,media
.Company has to speak what is the cause for accidents.

Benefits of accident prevention


The most important benefit of accident prevention is life
safety.
The employees benefits from accident prevention are as follows: The employees will have better health.
There will be greater job satisfactory for the employees.
Positive attitude at home and at work

Work related injury and illness of employees will be reduced

The company benefits from accident prevention are:Good reputation for company
The efficiency in work will increase as employees will not be
scared to work in construction site but if there is some
accident employees will be scared to work there.
There will be less fine paid as a result of citations for
violation.
Greater efficiency
With prevention of accident the overtime which is needed to
cover absent employees will not be there.

The most important benefit of accident prevention are that it


prevents from negative affects like media grilling , negative
public opinion, fines, unwanted attention, reduced profits
and revenue because of disastrous sales.

CASE STUDY
NAME OF THE SITE: SUPERNOVA
NAME OF THE CONSTRUCTION
GROUP:SUPERTECH

INTRODUCTION
The NOIDA city is all set to have the country's
tallest skyscraper with the formal
announcement of an 60-storey building that
will be developed soon. The skyscraper will
be the centrepiece of the project and will
give a surrounding perspective of the city
from all sides. The building will be
deliberately placed close to the NoidaGreater Noida Expressway, the 8-path Kalindi
Kunj blood vessel street and the proposed
Metro station interfacing Noida to Jasola in
New Delhi.

The Supertech Supernova project is expected


to get completed by 2015 and will boast of a
height of 300m, a full 20 floors and 45m
higher than the last skyscraper project
launched a few months ago, already under
construction in sector 74.
To be built across 17 acres of land at a cost of
around Rs 2,000 crore, the green building will
host around 1,300 elite high-end homes
having between 2 and 4 bedrooms as well as
the lavishing studio apartments.

The project is a LEED certified green building


which has got the required clearances from
the Airport Authority and the Noida
Authority. It is equipped with the latest
safety measures and it will stand tall despite
being in an area considered as a seismic-IV
earthquake zone. The Supertech have
collaborated with the team from the US to
provide the project with the necessary
technical quake resistant means.

SAFETY MEASURES AT THE SITE:


Proper gears are being used the site
for the visitors.

Our group photograph with the


senior safety manager.

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