ICDS12

International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Ana Mafalda Matos

Telma Ramos

IC

Joana Sousa Coutinho

DS

SULPHATE ATTACK ON ECO-MORTAR

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNE
C

Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto

www.fe.up.pt

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

IC

DS

Laboratory for Concrete Technology and Structural Behavior

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNE
C

Laboratory of Testing Building Materials

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

Contents:
Introducion:
Sustainability
Sulphate attack on concrete

DS

Experimental program

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

Expansion on mortar

Specimens after testing

SEM on mortar

IC

Conclusion

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

Sustainability

LNE
C

Introduction

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES
Sulphate attack on concrete

12

Introduction

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Classical Attack

Ca(OH)2 and water

SO42-

Concrete

DS

Environment

Ettringite

C3A

(or Al2O3 in

Gypsum

aggregate)

(Aggregates)

3CaO.Al2O3.3CaSO4.32H2O

CaSO4.2H2O

IC

Extensive cracking
Expansion
Loss of bond between cement paste and aggregate

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

Classical Attack

Prevention measures

LNE
C

Introduction

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Sulphate attack on concrete

Cement with low C3A content (C3A< 5%)

(aggregates without alumina)
Low w/c

Pozzolanic additions

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

Sulphate attack on concrete

12

Introduction

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Thaumasite formation
Outside

Carbonate, CSH and water

SO42Low

DS

Environment

CSH

Thaumasite

Ca Si O3 . Ca CO3 . Ca SO4 . 15H2O

temperature

IC

Extensive cracking
Expansion
Bond loss in the cementitious matrix
Loss of cohesiveness

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

Introduction

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Sulphate attack on concrete

LNE
C

Thaumasite formation
Preventive measures

Cement without lime filler

(aggregates without carbonate)

Low w/c

Pozzolanic additions

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES
Experimental programme
Materials

CEM I 42,5R
CEN sand
Glass powder (GP)
Biomass fly ash (BFA)
Silica fume (SF)

Production of mortar and workability

NP EN 196-1

DS

Experimental programme

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

CTL
SF10
GP10
BFA10

ASTM C 109 and ASTM C 230

Resistance to sulphate attack test

LNEC E-462: Cement resistance to sulphate attack

IC

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Experimental programme

Experimental programme

LNE
C

Procedure:

Speciemns 1,3 and 5 in Ca(OH)2

Speciemns 1,3 and 5 in Ca(OH)2

After demoulding

Until 28 old days

L0

Speciemns 2, 4 and 6 in Ca(OH)2

Since 28 old days

Until the end of the test

Specimens 2, 4 and 6 in Na2(SO)4

Renewed every 2 weeks during 26 weeks

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

Lti
ti = 2,4, 6 26 weeks

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES
Results and Discussion

DS

Results and Discussion

Expansion due sulphate attack

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

< 0,1%

IC

Sulphate
resistance cement

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

LNE
C

Appearance of specimens at the end of the test

CTL

SF10

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES
Results and Discussion

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

DS

GP10

IC

Results and Discussion

Appearance of specimens at the end of the test

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

LNE
C

Appearance of specimens at the end of the test

BFA10

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

CTL Mortar

Z1

DS

Z1

Gypsum

IC

Results and Discussion

SEM on mortar samples after test

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

LNE
C

SEM on mortar samples after test

CTL Mortar
Z2

Z2

Z3

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

Z3
Gypsum

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES
Results and Discussion

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

CTL Mortar

Z1

DS

Z1

IC

Results and Discussion

SEM on mortar samples after test

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

LNE
C

SEM on mortar samples after test

GP10 Mortar

Z1

Z1

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

Ettringite

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

GP10 Mortar

DS

Results and Discussion

SEM on mortar samples after test

IC

Ettringite

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

LNE
C

SEM on mortar samples after test

BFA10 Mortar

Z1

Z1

Gypsum

Z2

Z2

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

Ettringite

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Results and Discussion

SEM on mortar samples after test

BFA10 Mortar
Z3

Z3

DS

Results and Discussion

60% CaCO3

IC

Mixed
thaumasite and
ettringite

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Mixed thaumasite and ettringite

BFA10 Mortar

Results and Discussion

LNE
C

E.F. Irassar, V.L. Bonavetti, M. Gonzalez. Microstructural study of sulfate attack on ordinary and
limestone Portland cement at ambient temperature. Cement and Concrete Research 33 (2003)
3141.

A. Rodrigues, I. Fernandes, F. Noronha. Caracterizao de produtos de deteriorao do beto por

mtodos petrogrficos. GEOTIC Sociedade Geolgica de Portugal VIII Congresso Nacional de
Geologia. ISSN 1645-0388 Volume 9 n 21 2010.

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES
Mixed thaumasite and ettringite

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

BFA10 Mortar

IC

DS

Results and Discussion

A. Skaropoulou, S. Tsivilis, G. Kakali, J.H. Sharp, R.N. Swamy. Thaumasite form of sulfate attack in
limestone cement mortars: A study on long term of efficiency of mineral admixtures. Construction and
Building Materials 23 (2009) 23382345.

DURABLE STRUCTURES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Conclusions

LNE
C

CEM I 42,5R is non resistance to sulphate attack according E-462

Portland cement with GP, a pozzolanic material obtained from waste
resulted in a significant improvement of the resistance to attack by
sodium sulfate solution, equivalent to commercial SF

Conclusions

BFA, a filler containing calcium carbonate, induces severe deterioration

which may be caused by thaumasite formation.

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

DURABLE STRUCTURES

12

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Thank you for your attention

DS

Ana Mafalda Matos anamatos@fe.up.pt

Telma Ramos telma.jr@fe.up.pt

IC

Joana Sousa Coutinho jcouti@fe.up.up

LNE
C

Ana Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa Coutinho