A

PRESENTATION
ON

BUILDING AUTOMATION

Title
1) INTRODUCTION
2) NETWORKS
3) CONTROLLERS
4) AIR HANDLERS
5) CENTRE PLANT
6) ALARMA & SECURITY
7) ROOM AUTOMATION
8) BUILDING BLOCKS
9) CONCLUSION

WHAT IS BUILDING
AUTOMATION??
Building automation describes
the advanced functionality
provided by the control system of a
building.
BAS core are1) occupancy schedule
2)monitors system performance
device failures
3)provides email and/or text
notifications .
BAS is often referred to as an
intelligent building system or a

BUILDING AUTOMATION
ARCHITECTURE

NETWORKS
1) PRIMARY &SECONDARY BUS

Examples--BACnet, optical fiber,

ethernet, ARCNET, RS-232,RS-485 or a
wireless network

2)PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLERS

ExamplesZigBee

3)INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES
&USER CONTROLLERS

Examples--analog or digital humidity

and pressure sensortherlatinum resistance
thermometer

CONTROLLERS
Programmable Logic Controllers
(PLCs)
PLC's provide the most responsiveness
and processing power
System/Network controllers
System/Network controllers may be
applied to control one or more
mechanical systems such as an Air
Handler Unit (AHU), boiler, chiller,
etc.
Terminal Unit controllers.
Terminal Unit controllers usually are
suited for control of lighting and/or
simpler devices such as a package
rooftop unit, heat pump, VAV box.

BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

RISER DIAGRAM

AIR
HAN
DLE
RS

Most air handlers mix return and outside

air so less temperature change is needed.
Analog or digital temperature sensors
may be placed in the space or room, the
return and supply air ducts, and
sometimes the external air.
Actuators are placed on the hot and
chilled water valves, the outside air and
return air dampers.
The supply fan (and return if applicable)
is started and stopped based on either
time of day, temperatures, building
pressures or a combination.

CONSTANT VOLUME AIR-HANDLING UNITS

The less efficient type of air-handler is a "constant volume air handling unit," or
CAV.
CAVs open and close dampers .
They heat or cool the spaces by opening or closing chilled or hot water valves that
feed their internal heat exchangers.
Generally one CAV serves several spaces.

VARIABLE VOLUME AIR HANDLING UNITS

A more efficient unit is a "variable air volume (VAV) air-handling unit," or VAV.
A VAV air handler can change the pressure to the VAV boxes by changing the speed
of a fan or blower with a variable frequency drive
Each VAV box supply air to a small space, like an office. Each box has a damper
that is opened or closed based on how much heating or cooling is required in its
space.

VAV HYBRID SYSTEM

Another variation is a hybrid
between VAV and CAV
systems.
1) INTERIOR ZONES operate
as in a VAV system.
2) OUTER ZONES differ in that
the heating is supplied by a
heating fan in a central
location usually with a heating
coil fed by the building boiler.

CEN
TRA
L
PLA
NT

A central plant is
needed to supply the
air-handling units with
water.
chilled water system
hot water system
condenser water system

CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

Chilled water is often

used to cool a
building's air and
equipment. The
chilled water system
will have chiller(s)
and pumps

HOT WATER SYSTEM

The hot water system
supplies heat to the
building's air-handling
unit or VAV box heating
coils, along with the
domestic hot water
heating coils (Calorifie)
The hot water system will
have a boiler(s) and
pumps.

CONDENSER WATER SYSTEM

Cooling tower(s)and pumps are used to supply cool
condenser water to the chillers.

ALARMS & SECURITY

Many building automation systems have alarm
capabilities. Notification can be through a
computer, pager, cellular phone, or audible alarm.
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors can
be used to alarm if levels are too high.
Refrigerant sensors can be used to indicate a
possible refrigerant leak.
Security systems can be interlocked to a building
automation system. If occupancy sensors are
present, they can also be used as burglar alarms.
Fire and smoke alarm systems can be hard-wired
to override building automation.

ROOM AUTOMATION
Room automation is a
subset of building
automation ,more systems
under centralised control,
though in this case in one
room.
Room automation is
corporate boardroom,
presentation suites, and
lecture halls, where
videoconferencing
equipment, video projector,
lighting control
systems,public address

PROCESSING SYSTEM
The use of Microprocessors
(calculator chips & Mini
computers)
Architecture
--Input, Memory, Output,
Micrpchip
--Address bus, Data bus,
control bus
8 , 16, 32, 64 bits
Microprocessors &
microcontrollers

ANALOG & DIGITAL I/O

MODULES

Analog inputs

Control outputs

Display outputs

Digital inputs

Interrupt inputs

Timer / counter inputs

I/O
M
O
D
U
L
E

Interrupt input
Draw attention of real time system towards
abnormal situations
Attends to interrupt and resumes normal
work
Timer / Counter
Clock input or Gate input to enable/ disable
timer/counters
Output of timer/counter can be used as
interrupts

DISPLAY CONTROL
MODULE

Manual entry sub module

CRT controller sub module
LED / LCD control sub module
Alarm annunciator sub module
Printer controller sub module

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SCADA
Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition
Systems
Channel scanning
Conversion into
engineering units
Data processing

S
C
A
D
A
ARCHI
TECT
URE

Title

CONCLUSION
Opportunities arrive daily to intelligently use building
automation as more than just a connector of brute force
comfort generation systems.
Growing greener application for building automation,
making all large buildings part of the electrical grid.

Thank
You
For
Your
Time

Q
U
E
S
T
I
O
N
S??