Topic 1 :ISSUES AND CURRENT

EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGES
NATIONAL INTEGRATION

Concepts of Unity and

Integration National Unity:
uniting of various groups
that have different social
and cultural backgrounds
into one physical entity.

Integration : a process of
uniting groups with different
backgrounds into one entity
bound by common norms,
values and interests.

Malaysian scenario: The

unity that exists in the
country is founded upon
power sharing, democratic
government, sound
economy distribution and
cultural balance.

National Integration as a
form of social nurturing is a
process of uniting various
groups in the society
through a common identity
by putting aside major
differences but at the same
time not ignoring the
original identity of each
group.
Each group or community
has its own norms and
values. It is not easy to set
common norms and values
for the country. What more
among communities that
already different in terms of
language, religion, economic
function and descent.

History of Ethnic Relations:

Stage of co-existence : in
the era of the British
colonists the races of
different backgrounds have
contact but rarely
communicate.

Stage of frequent external

contact: during the British
rule up to the time of
independence gradually
frequent contact among the
communities occurred, but it
was still unable to establish
an understanding among
them.

Stage of compromise: at the

time of the early
independence era until now
after the communities
became conscious of their
common interest, they felt
the need to compromise for
the sake of looking after
their common interest.

Stage of unity: at the

present stage when the
communities in the society
compromise and cooperate
as much as possible, there
is the tendency for them to
live united- but it still
external.

Stage of integration : an
ongoing process.
Cooperation among races
can gradually create a sense
of belonging and strong ties
among them-based on a
sense of responsibility.

The issues in relationship to

integration & unity:

2. 13 years of education
3. Technical school

1. The act of government in

helping the bumiputera is
seen as an act of
discrimination by other
races.
2. Lack of sensivity and
tolerance towards other
religions.
3. Lack of patriotism among
the people.
4. Raise in the social problem
that effects the integration
process.

4. Full boarding school

5. Special education
school
6. Islamic religious
schools
ISSUES AND CURRENT
EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGES
DEMOCRATIZATION OF EDUCATION

All level of society

irrespective of ethnic,
gender and people with
disabilities will be given the
same opportunities to get
education and the students
will undergo the same
formal education with the
same curriculum in the
Malaysian education system.

Education shall be directed

to the full development of
the human personality and
to the strengthening of
respect for human rights
and fundamental freedoms.

5. Imbalance Economic
Development
Teacher Roles in National
Integration & Unity :
1. To promote and empower
Bahasa Melayu as the
national language.
2. Strengthening national
unity and integration.
3. Fostering love toward art,
heritage and culture.
4. To provide open
opportunities for every
person to achieve success in
education and to make
education as agent to uplift
the level of success and
quality life.
5. Important policies:
1. Vernacular schools
(Tamil & Chinese)

PILLAR OF EDUCATION
1. Learning to know: basic
knowledge that we need to
be able to understand our
environment and to live in
dignity. It implies learning
how to learn by developing
ones concentration,
memory skills and ability to
think.

2. Learning to do: the

competence of putting what
we have learned into
practice so as to act
creatively on our
environment. It enables us
to turn our knowledge into
effective innovations.
3. Learning to live together:
developing an
understanding of others
through empathy, respect
and appreciation. It is about
recognizing our
interdependence,
experiencing shared
purposes and implementing
common projects and a joint
future.
4. Learning to be : it is about
the development of each
individual, dealing with
personality. The end of
education is to discover and
open the talents which are
hidden like a treasure within
every person. So education
should be a highly
individualized process.
MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION
education and instruction
which is designed for
cultures of different races in
the educational system.
The teaching and learning is
based upon consensus
building, respect and
fostering cultural pluralism
within racial societies.

In a multicultural
environment, students,
teachers and other
educators learn to accept
people from different
background.
They accept them
completely and not tolerate
them.
Teachers must find and uses
creative ways to make
learning about other
cultures more engaging.
require a very diverse staff
that is extremely culturally
competent.
The educators must be
aware, responsive and
embracing of the diverse
beliefs, perspectives and
experiences.
They must also be willing
and ready to address issues
of controversy.
Malaysian national schools
practices multicultural
education with choices for
all ethnic groups.
The above national schools
also act as an agent to
support diverse cultural
practices that is to promote
the understanding the
sensitive aspects and rights
of diverse races and ethnics.
WHY IS IT GOOD TO LIVE IN A
MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY?

 Promotes diversity and

keeps us opened-minded.
Multiculturalisme is a good
way to meet new people.
Good understanding of one
another.
Co existence breeds respect.
Force to love other humans.
ICT
ICT is a major factor in
shaping the new global
economy and producing
rapid changes in society.
Have fundamentally
changed the way people
communicate and do
business.
Have produced significant
transformations in industry,
agriculture, medicine ,
business, engineering and
other fields.
In education it can
transform the nature of
education-where and how
learning takes place and the
roles of students and
teachers in the learning
process.
The challenge confronting
our educational system is
how to transform the
curriculum and teachinglearning process to provide
students with the skills to
function effectively in this

dynamic, information-rich,
and continuously changing
environment.
ICT provide an array of
powerful tools that may help
in transforming the present
isolated, teacher-centered
and text-bound classrooms
into rich, students-focused,
interactive knowledge
environments.
Teachers must embrace the
new technologies and
appropriate the new ICT
tools for learning.
Teachers must move
towards the goal of
transforming the traditional
paradigm of learning.
The students and teachers
must have understanding of
how the new digital
technologies can create new
learning environments in
which students are engaged
learners, able to take
greater responsibility for
their own learning and
constructing their own
knowledge.

ICT can provide powerful

tools to help learners acess
vast knowledge, and solve
complex problems using
cognitive tools.

Also provide learners with

powerful new tools to
represent their knowledge

with text, images, graphics

and video.
Ultimately, the power of ICTs
will be determined by the
ability of teachers to use the
new tools for learning to
create rich, new and
engaging learning
environments for their
students.
Topic 2: TEACHERS AND
LEGISLATION