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RevitalVisionScientificBackground

ScientificBackground
TheRevitalVisiontechnologyisanoninvasive,patientspecific,
perceptuallearningprogrambasedonvisualstimulation.It
facilitatesneuralconnectionsatthecorticallevelthrougha
computerizedvisualtrainingregimeusingGaborpatches,to
improvecontrastsensitivityandvisualacuity.Asvisualperception
dependsonboththeopticalinputreceivedfromtheeyeandthe
neuralprocessingofthatinputinthevisualcortex,RevitalVision
technologyimprovesqualityofvision(contrastsensitivityand
visualacuity)byenhancingneuralprocessingintheprimaryvisual
cortex.
Severalstudieshaveshownthatthenoiseofindividualcortical
neuronscanbemodulatedbyappropriatechoiceofstimulus
conditionsandthatcontrastsensitivityatlowlevelscanbe
increasedthroughcontrolofstimulusparameters.Thetypical
buildingblockofthevisualstimulusinthefieldofvisual
neuroscienceisaGaborpatch(Figure1),whichefficientlyactivates
andmatchestheshapeofreceptivefieldsinthevisualcortex.
Polatandcolleagueshaddemonstratedthatcontrastsensitivityat
lowlevelscanbeincreaseddramaticallythrougha"lateral
masking"technique,wherecollinearlyorientedflankingGaborsare
displayedinadditiontothetargetGaborimage.2,810(Figure2).

Figure1:ReceptiveFieldStructureandtheGaborPatch

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Figure2.ThesoftwareanalyzesthecontrastthresholdofaGabor
targetwiththepresenceofflankers.Thepatientisexposedtotwo
shortdisplaysinsuccessionandthepatientidentifieswhich
displaycontainsthreeGabors
Thislateralmaskingtechniquetoistailoredtoaindividual
computerizedtrainingregimenusingvariousparametersofthe
stimulus(Gabors)suchasspatialfrequencies,spatialarrangement
oftheGaborpatches,contrastlevel,orientation(localandglobal),
tasksorder,context,exposureduration.1(Figure3)Itimproves
neuronalefficiencyandinducedimprovementofcontrast
sensitivityfunction(CSF)byreducingthenoisetosignalratioof
neuralactivityintheprimaryvisualcortex.
Spatial
Frequency

Local
Orientation

Contrast

Global
Orientation

TargetFlankers
Separation

Target
Displacement
Figure3.ManipulationofGabors
Figures4demonstratescontrastresponsederivedfromsubjects
withnormalvision,whowereexposedtopsychophysicaltasks
usingthelateralmaskingtechnique.Whensubjectsarepracticing
contrastmodulationunderaverypreciseandsubjectspecific
stimuliregimen,adramaticimprovementincontrastsensitivityis
achieved.

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Figure4:PracticingContrastModulation
Thisprecisecontrolofstimulusconditionsleadingtoincreased
neuronalefficiencyisfundamentalininitiatingtheneural
modificationsthatarethebasisforbrainplasticity.
Brainplasticityrelatestotheabilityofthenervoussystemto
adapttochangedconditions,sometimesafterinjuryorstrokes,
butmorecommonlyinacquiringnewskills.Brainplasticityhas
beendemonstratedinmanybasictasks,withevidencepointingto
physicalmodificationsintheadultcortexduringrepetitive
performance.
TheRevitalVisiontechnologyprobesspecificneuronalinteractions,
usingasetofpatientspecificstimulithatimproveneuronal
efficiencyandinduceimprovementofCSFduetoareductionof
noiseandincreaseinsignalstrength.Theimprovedlowerlevel
processing(contrastsensitivityandlateralinteractions)produces
animprovementinhigherlevelprocessingsuchasletter
recognitionandvisualacuity.
Thehumanvisualsystemconsistsofahighlysophisticatedoptical
processingsystem.Opticalimagesfromtheretinatravelsthrough
ahierarchyofprogressivelevelsofvisualprocessingincluding
photoreceptorsandseveralstagesofspatialintegration,each
formingreceptivefieldsofincreasingcomplexity.
Contrastisoneofthemostimportantparametertriggeringthe
neuralactivityinthevisualcortex.1Neuralinteractionsdetermine
contrastsensitivityateachspatialfrequency.Thecombinationof
neuralinteractionsatvariousspatialfrequenciesderivesindividual
CSF.2Experimentshaveshownthattheresponseofindividual
neuronstorepeatedstimulusishighlyvariable(noise),thishigh
noiselevelimposesafundamentallimitationonthereliable
detectionanddiscriminationofvisualsignalsbyindividualcortical
neurons.1,34Thebrainpoolsresponseacrossmanyneuronsto
averageoutnoiseactivityofsinglecells.Thiscreatesasignalto
noiseratio(S/Nration)thatdeterminesdetectionandlimitsthe
CSF.Thusimprovementofthesignaltonoiseratio,leadsto
substantiallyimprovedvisualperformance.5
Thetermperceptuallearningdescribesaprocesswhereby
practicingcertainvisualtasksleadstoanimprovementinvisual
performance.Brainplasticityinvisualfunctionsofadultshasbeen
showninvariousstudies.1117Itwasshownthatvisual
performanceimproveswithrepetitivepracticeonspecific
controlledvisualtasks.Throughtheseprecisecontrolled
conditions,repetitivepracticeinitiatesneuralmodificationsthat
leadtoimprovementinneuronalefficiency.Theseneural
modificationsindicatethepresenceofbrainplasticity.
Thetechnologyhasbeenclinicallyproveninthetreatmentof
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adultamblyopiawhichuntilnowhasbeenconsidered
untreatable.18Inrecentyearsthetechnologyhasbeenusedin
AsiaandEuropewhereclinicalstudiesshowedefficacyinthe
treatmentofamblyopia,lowmyopiaandearlypresbyopia.1819

Kelly Grosdidier, O.D.

Overland Park, KS
Read more reviews

Variabilityinefficacyhasbeenfoundandmaybeareflectionof
differentindividuals'"finalcorticalpotential"thatcouldbe
achievedthroughtheperceptuallearningprocess,inturn
dependentonthestateofinherentneuralplasticity.Followup
studiesmaybedesignedtoaddresstheseissuesandfindoptimal
"exposuredosing".However,individualeffortinvestedand
motivationwillbeexpectedtobedifferentwithresultantimpact
onvariabilityoffinalresult.
Furtherstudiesmaybedesignedtoexploretheroleofthisnovel
computerizedvisualcortextrainingprogramintheareaof
rehabilitationforthelowvisionwithvariousocularconditions,and
itsprospectiveroleintheenhancementofvisualpotentialforthe
betterqualityofvision.

Reviews
"LastnightIfinishedmyfifthorsixthsession,
notsurewhichbutitwasalongone12
sections.IscoredbetterthanIhadbeenand
itseemedlikesomethingwashappening,at
times,thereallydimfigureswouldsuddenly
getclear.Othertimesthoughnotsoclear.

"Itdefinitelyhasmadeadifferenceinmy
vision.ThepartIlikedaboutthewholething
wasit'sawaytoimprovemyvisionwithout
anykindofmedicationorinjections,or
anything."

ThismorningIpickedupanewspaperbefore
Iputinmycontacts.Ithasbeenalongtime
sinceIcouldseeanythingbutablur,evenat
arm'slengthandtherewasnopointineven
trying.ButthismorningIcouldreaditand
thecloserIgotthebetteritlooked.Still
blurry,butIcoulddefinitelymakeitout.
Prettyexciting."
Allen S., Fresno, CA

Charlotte H., Cataract Surgery Patient, Leawood, KS

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RevitalVision, LLC1617 St. Andrews Drive, Suite 210Lawrence, Kansas 66047

Phone: (785) 8560417Toll Free: 18669541619info@revitalvision.com

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