Settler Colonialism

5/29/2015
Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies
SettlerColonialism
TateA.LeFevre
LASTMODIFIED:29MAY2015
DOI:10.1093/OBO/97801997665670125
Introduction
Thoughoftenconflatedwithcolonialismmoregenerally,settlercolonialismisadistinctimperialformation.Bothcolonialism
andsettlercolonialismarepremisedonexogenousdomination,butonlysettercolonialismseekstoreplacetheoriginal
populationofthecolonizedterritorywithanewsocietyofsettlers(usuallyfromthecolonialmetropole).Thisnewsocietyneeds
land,andsosettlercolonialismdependsprimarilyonaccesstoterritory.Thisisachievedbyvariousmeans,eitherthrough
treatieswithindigenousinhabitantsorsimplybytakingpossession.Britain,forexample,implementedthedoctrineofterra
nullius(landbelongingtonoone)toclaimsovereigntyoverAustralia.Theentirecontinentwastherebydeclaredlegally
uninhabited,despitemillenniaofAboriginaloccupation.Inthelate1980s,duringtheheydayofpostcolonialtheory,some
scholarsstartedtocriticizewidespread,generalizeduseofthetermpostcolonialawordtheyconsideredproblematic.They
arguedthatinasettlersocietylikeAustraliaortheUnitedStates,colonialismcouldnotbedescribedortheorizedinthepast
tensetherewasnopostcolonial.Intheseplaces,thestatemaintainedacolonialrelationshipwiththeindigenouspeoples
(andwascomplicitintheirongoingdispossession).Followingtheseinitialcritiques,scholarsinanthropologyandrelated
disciplines(particularlyIndigenousstudies)setaboutanalyticallydisentanglingsettlercolonialismfromcolonialismwhile
developingnew,dedicatedtheoreticalframeworksforsettlercolonialstudies.Eventually,settlercolonialstudiesemergedasa
distinctfieldofscholarlyinquiry.Anincreasinglyexpansiveliteraturenowfocusesontheideological,structural,discursive,
social,andpoliticalparticularitiesofsettlerstates.Asthisworkemphasizes,settlercolonialismispremisedonoccupationand
theeliminationofthenativepopulation,whilecolonialismisprimarilyaboutconquest.Intheoftcitedwordsofoneinfluential
scholar,settlercolonialismisastructureratherthananevent(seeWolfe1999,citedunderGeneralOverview).Inthissense,
settlercolonialismdoesnotreallyeverend.Thisinsighthasshapednewtheorizingofpoliticaltemporalitiesandtheirrolein
projectsofdomination.Astheseworksindicate,settlercolonialtheoryisincreasinglymadeuseofbyanthropologistsworking
outsideofsettlercolonialcontexts.Indeed,settlercolonialanalysisdrawsutilityfromidentifyingconnectionsamongotherwise
disparateseemingexperiencesofdispossession(seeOtherSettlerColonies).Moreover,sincethestudyofsettlementisthe
studyofanongoingphenomenon,itincludesselfreflexivityaboutracism,capitalism,andthenormsofacademicknowledge.
Ananthropologicalapproachtosettlercolonialismmightbedefinedbyattentiontothepoliticsofknowledgeproductionin
anthropology.Alliancewithindigenouspeoplesandattentionto(andindeedprioritizationof)indigenousscholarshipand
experienceiscentraltothisfield.Anoteonterminology:thereisnowidespreadconsensusregardingthecapitalizationofthe
wordIndigenous.Usagevariesdependingoncontextandinvolvesimportantculturalandpoliticalconsiderations.Forthe
purposesofthisarticle,IwillcapitalizeIndigenouswhenusingitaspartofapropernameofapeople(e.g.,Indigenous
Australians,anIndigenousKanakwoman,IndigenousMohawkidentity).Idonotcapitalizethewordwhenreferringtoamore
thanoneIndigenouspersonratherthanthecollectivegroupofIndigenouspeoples(e.g.,theindigenouspeoplesofAustralia,
indigenousrightsstruggles).
GeneralOverview
Thoughmostearlyanthropologists(LewisHenryMorgan,FranzBoas,A.R.RadcliffeBrown,etc.)conductedresearchin
settlercolonies,anthropologyonlyrecentlybecameconcernedwithsettlercolonialismasaspecifichistorical,cultural,and
ideologicalstructure.Inthelate1970s,duringtheriseofpostcolonialstudies,AustraliananthropologistDonaldDenoonnoted
thatcharacteristicsofsettlereconomicdevelopmentwereinmanywaysstructurallyopposedtothedynamicsofcolonialde
http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199766567/obo-9780199766567-0125.xml?rskey=2QNBfT&result=106&print
1/26
5/29/2015
development.Denoon1979marksthefirsttimesettlercolonialismwaspresentedasadiscretecategoryadistinctivesubtype
ofimperialismrequiringadedicatedanalyticalframework.Wolfe1999developssuchaframeworkintheorizingsettler
colonialismasanongoingstructure.Expandingtheseargumentsfurther,Wolfe2006alsoidentifiessettlercoloniallogicsof
elimination.Bothworkshavebecomeclassicswithinsettlercolonialstudies.Editedvolumesonthetopicofsettlercolonialism
onlybegantoappearinthepastdecade,assettlercolonialstudiesemergedasadefinedareaofscholarlyinquiry.Verancini
2010isacomprehensivetheoreticalintroductiontosettlercolonialism(thefirstofitskind)andprovidesvaluableinsightinto
thedevelopmentandfuturedirectionsofsettlercolonialstudies.TheeditedcollectionBatemanandPilkington2011is
representativeofagrowinginterestincomparativesettlercolonialisms,whileMikdashi2013powerfullyillustratestheglobal
reachofsettlercolonialforcesinthecontemporaryworld.
Bateman,Fiona,andLionelPilkington.2011.Studiesinsettlercolonialism:Politics,identityandculture.NewYork:
PalgraveMacmillan.
Thiseditedcollectionoffersacomprehensiveandaccessibleoverviewofsettlercolonialismasaglobalphenomenon.
Denoon,Donald.1979.Understandingsettlersocieties.HistoricalStudies18:511527.
Oneofthefirstpiecestotheoreticallyanalyzesettlercolonialismasdistinctfromotherformsofempire.Laidthegroundwork
forfuturestudies.
Elkins,Caroline,andSusanPedersen,eds.2005.Settlercolonialisminthetwentiethcentury:Projects,practices,
legacies.NewYork:Routledge.
Thisbroadlycomparativevolumeforegroundstheongoinglegacyandpracticeofsettlercolonialisminthe20thcentury.
Includesaclearlywrittenhistoricalsummaryofthedevelopmentofsettlercolonialismaroundtheworld.
Goldstein,Alyosha,andAlexLubin,eds.2008.Specialissue:Settlercolonialism.SouthAtlanticQuarterly107:4.
Agoodcollectionforunderstandingthestateofthefieldofsettlercolonialstudies.Featurestheoreticallygroundedessays
fromawidevarietyofsettlercoloniallocations.
Mikdashi,Maya.2013.Whatissettlercolonialism?AmericanIndianCultureandResearchJournal37.2:2334.
Athoughtful,movingessay,originallypublishedintheezineJadaliyya.Exploresthemeaningandeffectsofsettlercolonialism
inbothNativeAmericaandIsrael/Palestine.
Verancini,Lorezno.2010.Settlercolonialism:Atheoreticaloverview.NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan.
Currentlythedefinitivetheoreticalandhistoricalintroductiontosettlercolonialism,thisbookisaveryusefulstartingpointfor
newresearchers.
Wolfe,Patrick.1999.Settlercolonialismandthetransformationofanthropology:Thepoliticsandpoeticsofan
ethnographicevent.London:Cassel.
Examiningsettlercolonialismasastructurenotanevent,Wolfescrutinizestheinterrelatedhistoriesofanthropologyand
settlercolonialism.Continuestobeoneofthemostcitedbooksinsettlercolonialstudies.
2/26
5/29/2015
Wolfe,Patrick.2006.Settlercolonialismandtheeliminationofthenative.JournalofGenocideResearch8.4:387409.
AnotherinfluentialpiecebyWolfe,analyzingsettlercolonialismasagenocidalprocesspremised,aboveall,onaccessto
territory.
JournalsandOtherReferenceSources
Researchonsettlercolonialismispublishedinanumberofintradisciplinaryjournals.Inthepastdecade,assettlercolonial
studiesemergedasadistinctfieldofinquiry,severalnewjournalsexplicitlydevotedtoworkonsettlercolonialismbegan
publication.ForemostamongtheseisthejournalSettlerColonialStudies,whichstartedasanonlineonlypublicationoutof
SwinburneUniversity(inMelbourne,Australia)in2010.Afterattractingalargecrossdisciplinaryreadership,thejournalwas
acquiredbyTaylorandFrancisin2013andnowpublishesfourprintissuesayear.InadditiontoSettlerColonialStudies,there
aretwootherpeerreviewedpublications,bothfocusedonparticularaspectssettlercolonialism,andavailableonlineasopen
accessejournals.TheAustralianCriticalRaceandWhitenessStudiesfeaturesresearchonrace,biopolitics,andlawinsettler
states,whileDecolonization:Indigeneity,Education&Societyhighlightsdecolonizationscholarship,practice,andactivism.
ThesenewerjournalsjoinAmericanIndianQuarterly(establishedin1974)andWazoaReview(establishedin1985),
venerablepublicationsthathavelongexaminedsettlercolonialism,predominantlythroughthelensoftheNativeAmerican
experience.Inrecentyears,bothjournalshaveincreasinglypublishedresearchfromoutsideNorthAmericaandworkon
comparativesettlercolonialismsandindigeneities.Alongsidethesejournals,therearealsoseveralusefulblogsfocusedon
settlercolonialissues.BothSettlerColonialStudiesandDecolonization:Indigeneity,EducationandSocietyalsomaintain
frequentlyupdatedblogswithinformationonnewresearchandpublications.InherblogTequilaSovereign,JoanneBarker
(LenniLenape,ProfessorofNativeAmericanStudiesatSanFranciscoStateUniversity),regularlypostsaboutsettler
colonialismandsovereigntyandpublishescommentaryanddebatefromguestscholars.
AmericanIndianQuarterly(AIQ).1974.
Aquarterly,peerreviewedjournalcentraltothedevelopmentofNativeAmericanstudiesthatremainsoneofthepreeminent
journalsinthefield.Publishesresearchfromavarietyofacademicdisciplinesandcuttingedgeworkbynativescholars.
Increasinglyfeaturesscholarshipexplicitlypositionedassettlercolonialstudies.
CriticalRaceandWhitenessStudies.2005.
Abiannual,peerreviewed,openaccessejournalpublishedbytheAustralianCriticalRaceandWhitenessStudies
Associationsince2005.Hasaslightfocusonracialformationsintheantipodeansettlerstatesbutalsopublishesimportant
comparativeresearchandcasestudiesfromNorthAmerica,LatinAmerica,andAfrica.
Decolonization:Indigeneity,EducationandSociety.2012.
Apeerreviewed,openaccessonlinejournalfoundedin2012byacademicsattheUniversityofToronto.Focusingspecifically
ondecolonialandcriticalindigenousresearch,practice,andpedagogy,thejournalencouragesscholarshipthatactivelyseeks
undisciplinaryconnectionsthatworkbothagainstandbeyondtheWesternacademy.
SettlerColonialStudies.2010.
Foundedin2010byacollectivebasedinMelbourneasaresponsetoademandforcriticalscholarshiponsettlercolonialism
asadistinctsocialandhistoricalformation.Publishedfourtimesayearinprintanddigitalformat,itincludesfeaturearticles
andbookandfilmreviews.
3/26
5/29/2015
SettlerColonialStudiesBlog.
MaintainedbyEdwardCavanagh,oneofthefoundingeditorsofthejournalSettlerColonialStudies,thisblogfollowsscholarly
developmentswithinthefield.Thisfrequentlyupdatedsiteisusefulforstayingabreastofnewresearchtrendsandemergent
debates.
TequilaSovereign.
JoanneBarker(LenniLenape),aninfluentialscholarofsettlercolonialismandsovereignty,usesthisblogforacademicand
personalreflections.Ithasalsofeaturedforumstylecommentarywithguestpostsfromothermajorscholarsworkingwithinthe
fieldofsettlercolonialstudies.
WazoaReview.1985.
Wazoa(RedPencilinLakota),isabiannual,peerreviewedjournalfoundedin1985byagroupofnativeacademics.
Publishesscholarlyresearch,literarycriticism,interviews,reviews,poems,andshortstories.
CriticalIndigenousandDecolonialTheory
Decolonialtheoryemerged,inpart,fromcritiquesofpostcolonialtheory(theworksofFanon,Said,Spivak,Bhabha,etc.).
Postcolonialseemedaninadequateterm,particularlyforscholarsworkinginsettlercolonialsituations,wherecolonialism
wasongoing.FigureslikeMaoriacademicLindaTuhiwaiSmithproposedusingthetermdecolonialinordertoemphasize
thatcolonialismisnotyetinthepastandonlytheactiveagencyofthecolonizedwillcompletetheprocessofpurgingsettler
coloniallegaciesandstructuresfromoursocieties.Thecentralityofindigenousagencytodecolonialprocessesalso
undergirdscriticalindigenoustheory,whichdrawsonIndigenousepistemologies.Thedevelopmentofmanyacademic
disciplinesanthropologyinparticularisinextricablylinkedtocolonialism.Severalscholarshavecommentedonthe
troublingpersistenceofcolonialpowerdynamicsinanthropologyfieldworkandrepresentations.Duringtheemergenceofthe
AmericanIndianMovement(AIM),VineDeloriaJr.(Deloria1969)recommendedthatNativeAmericansstopcooperatingwith
anthropologistsentirely.AsthenumberofIndigenousanthropologistsincreased,suchdiscussionshaveshifted.Smith1999
drawsonthelegacyofDeloria1969toarticulateanewanthropologicalresearchagendarootedinIndigenousepistemologies.
Otherworks,likeVizenor1999andTurner2006,explorehowIndigenousandWesternknowledgesystemsinteractand/or
complementeachotherandhowIndigenousgroupsmightengagewithWesternsystemstoresistsettlerhegemonyand
furtherpoliticalandculturalgoals.Relatedworks,suchasAlfred2005andWaziyatawinAngelaWilsonandYellowbird2005,
alsofunctionasmanifestosandcallstoaction,providingboththeoreticalandpracticaltoolsforindigenouspeoplesandtheir
alliestoaffectpoliticalchange,revitalizecultures,andtranscendthesettlercolonialpast.Alongwithothercriticaltheoretical
approaches(criticalracetheory,criticalfeministtheory,criticalqueertheory,etc.),literatureincriticalindigenoustheoryhas
growninbothsignificanceandscopeoverthepastdecade.Denzin,etal.2008willhelpreaderstraceouttheintellectualand
politicaltrajectorieswithincriticalanddecolonialscholarship,whileSimpsonandSmith2014providesacuttingedgelookat
thecurrentstateofthefield.
Alfred,Taiaiake.2005.Wasse:Indigenouspathwaysofactionandfreedom.Toronto:Broadview.
MohawkscholarTaiaiakeAlfredsradicalpoliticalphilosophyofanarchoindigenism,directedatregeneratinganindigenous
politicsofcontentionandresurgence.
Deloria,Vine,Jr.1969.Custerdiedforyoursins:AnIndianmanifesto.NewYork:Macmillan.
Combininghumorandblisteringcritique,thiscollectionofelevenessaysbylawyer,professor,andwriterDeloriafigured
prominentlyintheAlcatrazRedPowerMovement.ItisoneofthefoundingworksofNativeAmericanstudies.
4/26
5/29/2015
Denzin,NormanK.,YvonnaS.Lincoln,andLindaTuhiwaiSmith,eds.2008.Handbookofcriticalandindigenous
methodologies.LosAngeles:SAGE.
Ausefuleditedcollectionconnectingcriticaltheoryindigenousepistemologiesandemergingframeworksofresearch,
methodology,andethics.Featuresworkfromavarietyofsettlercolonialcontexts.
Simpson,Audra,andAndreaSmith.2014.Theorizingnativestudies.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
Animportantcollectionofessaysdemonstratingtheimportanceoftheoryinnativestudiesandtheneedfornativepeopletobe
recognizedaslegitimatetheorists.
Smith,LindaTuhiwai.1999.Decolonizingmethodologies:Researchandindigenouspeoples.London:ZedBooks.
Anintergralcriticalindigenousstudiestext.ProbesepistemologicalconflictsbetweenIndigenousandWesternacademic
theoreticalframeworksanddescribesthedevastatingeffectsofanthropologicalresearchonindigenouscommunities.
ArticulatesanewresearchagendarootedinIndigenousepistemologies.
Turner,Dale.2006.Thisisnotapeacepipe:Towardsacriticalindigenousphilosophy.Toronto:Univ.ofToronto
Press.
InvestigatesindigenousintellectualcultureanditsrelationshiptodominantEuroAmericandiscourses.Provocativelyargues
thatindigenouspeopleshouldmoreeffectivelyengagewiththelegalandpoliticaldiscoursesofthestateinordertobestfight
forrecognitionoftheirlegalandpoliticaldistinctiveness.
Vizenor,GeraldR.1999.Manifestmanners:Narrativesonpostindiansurvivance.Lincoln:Univ.ofNebraskaPress.
WrittenbyafoundationalfigureinNativeAmericanstudies,thiscombinespostmoderntheorywithindigenousAnishinaabe
tricksterstoriestodeconstructthesemioticsofIndianness.AnearliereditionwascalledManifestManners:Postindian
WarriorsofSurvivance(Hanover,NH:Univ.PressofNewEngland,1994).
WaziyatawinAngelaWilsonandMichaelYellowbird.2005.Forindigenouseyesonly:Adecolonizationhandbook.
SantaFe,NM:SchoolofAmericanResearch.
Auniqueeditedcollectionofessaysonpostcolonialtheoryanddecolonizationstrategiesaimedatencouragingindigenous
activismanddecolonizationatthecommunitylevel.
Sovereignty
Theemergenceofindigeneityasadiscoursehasrestructuredrelationsbetweensettlerstatesandindigenouspeoples.Asa
politicalconcept,indigeneityposesimportantchallengestostatesovereignty(anddirectlycontravenessettlersovereignty,as
discussedbyFord2010).Indigenousmodelsofselfdeterminationemphasizenativepeoplesasfundamentallyautonomous
politicalcommunities.Indigenouspeoplesaresovereignintheirownright,yettheyalsosharesovereigntythroughanexusof
multiple,oftenoverlapping,jurisdictions.AsFlerasandElliott1992describe,Aboriginalgroupsareconceptualizedasnations
withinCanada.Indeed,asIvison,etal.2000andRifkin2009bothdemonstrate,indigeneityhastestedthelimitsofclassical
politicaltheoryacrosssettlercolonialcontexts.Bruyneel2007arguesthatIndigenouspoliticalactivismhaseffectively
producedalternativethirdspacesofsovereignty,neitherinsidenoroutsidethestate.EthnographieslikeCattelino2008and
5/26
5/29/2015
Blackburn2009(citedunderCanadainLocatingSettlerColonialism),demonstratethatIndigenousselfdetermination
strugglescanactuallyreconfigurestatestructures.Otherworks,likeBarker2006andMoretonRobinson2007,question
whetherthetermsovereigntypremisedonWesternnotionsofpoliticsandpersonhoodisappropriateorusefulfor
understandingIndigenousmodelsofselfdetermination.
Barker,Joanne,ed.2006.Sovereigntymatters:Locationsofcontestationandpossibilityinindigenousstrugglesfor
selfdetermination.Lincoln:Univ.ofNebraskaPress.
AneditedcollectiononsovereigntybynativescholarsfromtheAmericasandthePacific.Illustratesthemultiplicityof
indigenousculturalandpoliticalperspectivesandagendas,yetalsoforegroundstherelatednessofindigenousexperiencesof
genocide,dispossession,andassimilation.
Bruyneel,Kevin.2007.Thethirdspaceofsovereignty:ThepostcolonialpoliticsofU.S.indigenousrelations.
Minneapolis:Univ.ofMinnesotaPress.
FocusingontheperiodfromtheendoftheCivilWartothepresent,politicalscientistBruyneelarguesthatnativepolitical
actorsintheUnitedStateshavegeneratedathirdspaceofsovereignty,neitherinsidenoroutsidetheUSpoliticalsystembut
onitsboundaries.
Cattelino,JessicaR.2008.Highstakes:FloridaSeminolegamingandsovereignty.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
AvividethnographicaccountofSeminolegaming.ByshowinghowtheSeminoleusegamingrevenuetoenacttheir
sovereigntythroughrelationsofinterdependencywithothers,thebookchallengesreaderstorethinktheconditionsof
indigeneityandthemeaningofsovereigntymorebroadly.
Fleras,Augie,andJeanL.Elliott.1992.Thenationswithin:AboriginalstaterelationsinCanada,theUnitedStates,
andNewZealand.Toronto:OxfordUniv.Press.
Oneofthefirststudiestoapproachsettlercolonialismcomparativelyexploresrelationsbetweenindigenouspeoplesandthe
stateinCanada,theUnitedStates,andNewZealand,highlightingcommonalitiesaswellasimportantdifferencesintheways
indigenoussovereigntyisshapedandconstrainedbythestructuresofeachstate.
Ford,Lisa.2010.Settlersovereignty:JurisdictionandindigenouspeopleinAmericaandAustralia,17881836.
Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniv.Press.
Thiscomparativestudyoflawandimperialismmakestheargumentthatmodernsettlersovereigntyonlyemergedduringthe
1820s,whensettlersnolongerunderstoodconflictswithindigenouspeopleaswarstoberesolvedthroughdiplomacyand
begantodefineindigenoustheftandviolenceasacrime.
Ivison,Duncan,PaulPatton,andWillSanders,eds.2000.Politicaltheoryandtherightsofindigenouspeoples.
London:CambridgeUniv.Press.
ThiscollectionofessaysbyleadingpoliticaltheoristsandindigenousscholarsfromAustralia,Aotearoa/NewZealand,Canada,
andtheUnitedStatesfocusesontheproblemofjusticeforindigenouspeoplesandtheimportanttheoreticalchallengesthis
posesforpoliticaltheory.Averyusefuloverview.
MoretonRobinson,Aileen,ed.2007.Sovereignsubjects:Indigenoussovereigntymatters.CrowsNest,Australia:
Allen&Unwin.
6/26
5/29/2015
EditedbyanimportantAboriginalAustralianscholar,theessaysinthiscollectioncriticallyreflectontheimplicationsof
dispossessionandthelossofindigenoussovereigntyinAustralia.
Rifkin,Mark.2009.IndigenizingAgamben:Rethinkingsovereigntyinlightofthepeculiarstatusofnativepeoples.
CulturalCritique73:88124.
Anexampleoftheambitioustheoreticalworkonsovereigntyemergingfromsettlercolonialstudies,thisarticleshowshowthe
positioningofindigenouspeoplewithinsettlerstatesbothchallengesandaugmentsAgambensworkonsovereigntyandhis
conceptofstateofexception.
LocatingSettlerColonialism
MostanthropologicalaccountsofsettlercolonialismarebasedonresearchconductedintheAnglophonesettlerstatesof
Australia,NewZealand,Canada,andtheUnitedStates,whereindigenouspeopleareminoritypopulations.Thoughthese
locationshavemanyimportantunderlyingsimilarities,eachisshapedbyparticularsometimesquitedivergentcolonial
historiesandstatestructures.ScholarshipfromtheUnitedStateshaslongbeencloselylinkedtoworkfromCanadaandnow
increasinglyalsodrawsonconnectionswithantipodeansettlersocieties(NewZealandandAustralia).Agrowingnumberof
anthropologistsandhistoriansworkinginZimbabweandpostapartheidSouthAfricaarealsoframingtheirresearcharound
settlercolonialism.Atthesametime,settlercolonialstudiesremainsheavilyAnglophone,andonlyasmallnumberof
anthropologistsworkinginnonEnglishspeakingsettlerstatessuchasNewCaledoniacurrentlypositiontheirresearchwithin
asettlercolonialrubric.However,recentworksindicatethatthismaybechanging,inpartduetobroadershiftsinanthropology
spurredbytheincreasingsignificanceofglobalindigeneity.Thesameshiftscanalsobeconnectedtoanew(andrapidly
growing)bodyofliteratureanalyzingIsraelandChinaassettlerstates.
UnitedStates
TheanthropologyofsettlercolonialismintheUnitedStateshaslongbeencloselylinkedwithNativeAmericanstudies,and
nativescholarsremainamongthemostinfluentialtheoristsworkinginthisarea(seealsothesectionsSovereigntyandCritical
IndigenousandDecolonialTheory).Severalworks,includingCorntasselandWitmer2011,analyzethecentralroleplayedby
federalisminshapingNativeAmericanstrugglesforsovereigntyandstructuringrelationsbetweenIndigenouspeopleandthe
stateintheUnitedStates(seealsoSovereigntyandRecognitionandRights).Lyons2010alsoconsidershowstatestructures
haveshapedNativeAmericanidentity,butcomplicatesthebinaryoppositionsoftenmadebetweenindigenousassimilation
andresistanceinasettlersociety.Simpson2014,anethnographiclookatastruggleagainstsettlergovernanceontheborder
oftheUnitedStatesandCanada,makesarelatedargument.Byrd2011andGoldstein2014examinethetangled(and
mutuallyreinforcing)historiesofsettlercolonialismandAmericanimperialismabroad,bothultimatelyarguingthatasettler
colonialanalyticframeworkisvitalforunderstandingcontemporaryAmericansociety.AmericansettlercolonialisminHawaii
hasamarkedlydifferenthistorythansettlercolonialisminthemainlandUnitedStates,andthisishighlightedinbothTrask
1999andSilva2004.FujikaneandOkamura2008remainsoneoftheonlyworksexploringtheimpactofAsiansettler
colonialisminHawaii.
Byrd,JodiA.2011.Thetransitofempire:Indigenouscritiquesofcolonialism.Minneapolis:Univ.ofMinnesotaPress.
InforegroundingtheentwinedhistoriesoftheUnitedStatesasbothasettlerstateandanimperialforceabroad,thisbook
offersnewwaystounderstandlegaciesofinvasion,dispossession,andradicalizedexploitation.
Corntassel,Jeff,andRichardC.WitmerII,eds.2011.Forcedfederalism:Contemporarychallengestoindigenous
nationhood.Norman:Univ.ofOklahomaPress.
AnalyzesimportantshiftsinAmericanIndianpolicyandshowshowIndigenousnationsintheUnitedStatesfacenewthreats
7/26
5/29/2015
fromstateandlocalgovernmentsoverissuesliketaxation,gaming,andhomelandsecurity.
Fujikane,Candace,andJonathanOkamura,eds.2008.Asiansettlercolonialism:Fromlocalgovernancetothehabits
ofeverydaylifeinHawaii.Honolulu:Univ.ofHawaiiPress.
Oneoftheonlyworksexaminingthepositionofsettlersofcolor,thismultidisciplinarycollectionexaminesthehistoryofAsian
settlementinHawaiianditsimpactonnativeHawaiians.
Goldstein,Alyosha,ed.2014.FormationsofUnitedStatescolonialism.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
Thisuseful,theoreticallydrivenanthologyinvestigatestheUnitedStatesasanationshapedbydiverseandoverlapping
processesofcolonization.Itemphasizestheimportanceofsettlercolonialismasavitalanalyticframeworkforunderstanding
contemporaryAmericansociety.
Lyons,ScottRichard.2010.Xmarks:Nativesignaturesofassent.Minneapolis:Univ.ofMinnesotaPress.
Usingthexmarkssignedontreatiesasametaphor,thisbookexaminescontemporarydebatesaboutNativeAmerican
identityandconteststhebinaryoppositionsfrequentlydrawnbetweensettlercolonialconceptsofassimilationandindigenous
notionsofresistance.
Silva,NoenoeK.2004.Alohabetrayed:NativeHawaiianresistancetoAmericancolonialism.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.
Press.
ThisindigenouscritiqueofsettlercolonialhistoriographyexamineshownativeHawaiiansactivelyresistedpolitical,cultural,
linguistic,andeconomicdomination.ShowshowindigenousoppositiontotheUSannexationofHawaiihasbeenerasedfrom
dominanthistoricalnarratives.
Simpson,Audra.2014.Mohawkinterruptus:Politicallifeacrossthebordersofsettlerstates.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.
Press.
AnethnographyofareservecommunityontheborderbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStateswhosemembershave
practicedapoliticsofrefusalbyrefusingtobecomecitizensofeithercountry.Challengesmanyofthewayssovereigntyand
settlergovernancehavebeentheorizedinearlierworks.
Trask,HaunaniKay.1999.Fromanativedaughter:ColonialismandsovereigntyinHawaii.Honolulu:Univ.ofHawaii
Press.
WrittenbyamilitantnativeHawaiianscholarandactivist,thisclassictextisoneofthefirstworkstoexplicitlypositionthe
experienceofnativeHawaiiansinitshistoricalcontextasoneofinvasion,settlercolonialism,andmilitaryoccupation.
Canada
ResearchonsettlercolonialisminCanadaischaracterizedbyafocusonissuesofcitizenshipandrecognition(seealsothe
sectionRecognitionandRights).AnumberofethnographiesexploretheunexpectedwaysNativegroupshavestrategically
manipulatedhegemonicsettler(andglobal)structurestoservetheirowninterests.Blackburn2009,forexample,examines
howNisgaaNationsnegotiationswiththeCanadiangovernmenthaveconceptuallyreconfiguredCanadiancitizenship,while
Slowey2008showshowtheMikisewCreeexploitopportunitiescreatedbyeconomicneoliberalismintheirstruggleforself
determination.Otherworks,suchasTownsendGault2011andEmberley2007,centerontheintersectionsbetween
8/26
5/29/2015
representationalpracticesandsovereigntyandinvestigateindigenousculturalproductionasaformofresistancetothesettler
state.BothCoulthard2007andLawrence2004criticallyanalyzethelanguageofrecognition,arguingthatitmayactually
worktosubvertratherthanfurthertheselfdeterminationeffortsofAboriginalgroupsinCanada.Lawrence2004also
highlightsthedifficultsituationofnonstatusurbanNativeswithoutfederalrecognition.Settlercolonialprocesses
simultaneouslyshapespaceandidentity(seealsothesectionLand,Space,andPlace).AsLawrence2004shows,urban
NativesinCanadaoftenlackfederalrecognition,inpartbecausecitiesarenotperceivedasindigenousspaces(formoreon
this,seeEdmonds2010,citedunderLand,Space,andPlace).Alongrelatedlines,Harris2002showshowmapsservedas
bothtoolsandtechniquesofcolonialism,erasingindigenousspaceswhileproducingsettlerlands.
Blackburn,Carole.2009.Differentiatingindigenouscitizenship:Seekingmultiplicityinrights,identity,and
sovereigntyinCanada.AmericanEthnologist36.1:6678.
ExaminestheNisgaaFirstNationspursuitofaformofdifferentiatedcitizenshipintheirtreatynegotiationswiththeCanadian
governmentandthewaysinwhichthisconceptualreconfigurationofcitizenshipchallengesthestateasthesolesourceof
rights.
Cannon,MartinJ.,andLinaSunseri.2011.Racism,colonialismandindigeneityinCanada:Areader.Toronto:Oxford
Univ.Press.
ThisusefulcollectionfocusesonhowtheinterplayofracismandcolonialismshapesthelivesofIndigenouspeoplesin
Canada.FeaturesessaysbyleadingNativeandnonNativescholarsonfamilyandidentity,rightsandcitizenship,violence
andpoverty,andanumberofotherissues.
Coulthard,GlenS.2007.Subjectsofempire:IndigenouspeoplesandthepoliticsofrecognitioninCanada.
ContemporaryPoliticalTheory6:437460.
DrawsonFanonandHegeltoarguethatthelanguageofrecognitionoftenemployedintheselfdeterminationeffortsof
AboriginalgroupsinCanadaactuallyreproducesthestructuresofdominationitseekstotranscend.SuggeststheHegelian
idealofreciprocityasanalternative.
Emberley,JuliaV.2007.Defamiliarizingtheaboriginal:CulturalpracticesanddecolonizationinCanada.Toronto:
Univ.ofTorontoPress.
Looksathowrepresentationaltechnologiesfilm,photography,andprintcultureplayedavitalroleinBritishcolonial
practicesinCanada.AlsoexamineshowthesepracticeshavebeenresistedandsubvertedintheworkofNativecultural
producers.
Harris,Cole.2002.Makingnativespace:Colonialism,resistance,andreservesinBritishColumbia.Vancouver:Univ.
ofBritishColumbiaPress.
AgeographichistoryofnativereservesinBritishColumbia,thisbookengageswithmapsasbothtechniqueanddiscourseof
colonialismwhileexaminingAboriginalresistancetoNativelandpolicyinCanada.
Lawrence,Bonita,ed.2004.RealIndiansandothers:Mixedbloodurbannativepeoplesandindigenousnationhood.
Vancouver:Univ.ofBritishColumbiaPress.
InvestigatestheurbanIndigenousexperienceinCanadaandtherelationshipbetweennonstatusurbanNativesand
membersoffederallyrecognizedtribes.DetailsthedevastatingimpactofCanadiangovernmentlegislationonurban
indigenouscommunitiesandidentities.
9/26
5/29/2015
Slowey,Gabrielle.2008.Navigatingneoliberalism:SelfdeterminationandtheMikisewCreeFirstNation.Vancouver:
Univ.ofBritishColumbiaPress.
ContendsthatsomeFirstNationgroupsinCanadahaveactuallybeenabletoexploitnewopportunitiespresentedby
economicneoliberalismtofurtherselfdeterminationstruggles.
TownsendGault,Charlotte.2011.Notamuseumbutaculturaljourney:Skwxw7meshpoliticalaffect.Journalofthe
RoyalAnthropologicalInstitute17:3955.
AnalyzeshowFirstNationsartworkcanbeusedtoenactsovereigntyandactivatewhattheauthorcallspoliticalaffectwhile
atthesametimeraisinganxietiesaboutethnicessentialismfocusesspecificallyoneventssurroundingthe2010Olympics,
heldinVancouver.
Australia
AnthropologistsandhistoriansofAustraliaproducedmanyoftheworksnowconsideredclassictextsinsettlercolonialstudies
(seeforexampleDenoon1979andWolfe1999,citedunderGeneralOverview).Australiacontinuestobeforegroundedin
settlercolonialtheory.Anderson2006investigateshowscientifictheoriesaboutraceshapedtheAustraliangovernments
treatmentofAboriginalgroups,includingtheremovalofthousandsofmixedraceAboriginalchildrenfromtheirfamilies
between1909and1969(formoreonraceandindigeneityinAustralia,seeMoretonRobinson2000,citedunderSex,Gender,
andSexuality).SeveralethnographiesexploretheimpactofcolonialhistoryandsettlerstatepolicyonAboriginalrelationships
tolandscapeandplace(whicharecentraltoconceptionsofpersonhoodandidentity).TheseincludeMerlan1998andalso
Cowlishaw2009(whichfocusesspecificallyontheurbanAboriginalpopulationlivingininnercitySydney).Continuingthis
focusonlandscapeandidentity,GelderandJacobs1998showshowAboriginalclaimsforsacrednessshiftrelationships
betweensettlerandindigenoussocietyinunsettlingways.Relationshipsbetweentheculturalandecologicalworldsarealso
thefocusofBirdRose2004,atheoreticallychallengingexplorationofpossibilitiesforreconciliationbetweenindigenousand
settlerpeoples.ThereisasignificantbodyofscholarshipthatcriticallyanalyzesAustralianliberalmulticulturalism(Povinelli
2002,citedunderRecognitionandRights,isseminalinthisregard).Thisliteraturehasexpandedinthewakeofthe2007
NorthernTerritoryInterventionliberalpolicyreformsaimedatamelioratingongoingsufferinginremoteAboriginal
communitiesthatprovokedintense,oftenacrimonious,debatesamonganthropologists.AustinBroos2011andSutton2009
articulatetwoopposingpositions.
Anderson,Warwick.2006.Thecultivationofwhiteness:Science,health,andracialdestinyinAustralia.Durham,NC:
DukeUniv.Press.
DetailsthehistoryofscientifictheoriesaboutraceinAustralia,frominitialEuropeansettlementtothepresent,showinghow
biologicaltheoriesandanideologyofbloodandsoilwereusedtoconstructandprotectwhiteness.
AustinBroos,Diane.2011.Adifferentinequality:ThepoliticsofdebateaboutremoteAboriginalAustralia.Sydney:
AllenandUnwin.
AnexplorationofdebatesaboutremoteAboriginalAustralia,writteninthewakeofthepolarizingacademicandpolitical
critiquesofthe2007NorthernTerritoryIntervention.Blamesongoingsufferinginthesecommunitiesonpolicymakersfailureto
acknowledgebothculturaldifferenceandinequality.
BirdRose,Deborah.2004.Reportsfromawildcountry:Ethicsfordecolonisation.Sydney:UNSW.
Aphilosophicalandethicalmeditationonsuffering,death,andresiliencebothculturalandecological.Focuseson
10/26
5/29/2015
reconciliationbetweenIndigenousandSettlerpeople,andontheenvironmentinAustralia.
Chesterman,John,andBrianGalligan.1997.Citizenswithoutrights:AboriginesandAustraliancitizenship.
Cambridge,UK:CambridgeUniv.Press.
ThiscomprehensivestudyinvestigateshowAustralianpoliciespositionedAboriginesandTorresStraitIslandersascitizens
withoutrights.ArguesthatAboriginalpeoplehavebeencentraltoideasofAustraliancitizenshipbyvirtueoftheirexclusion
fromit.
Cowlishaw,Gillian.2009.Thecitysoutback.Sydney:UNSW.
AcompellingethnographiclookatthelivesofAboriginalpeopleininnercitySydneythatchallengesdominantAustralian
narrativesonurbanIndigenouspopulations.
Gelder,Ken,andJaneM.Jacobs.1998.UncannyAustralia:Sacrednessandidentityinapostcolonialnation.
Melbourne:MelbourneUniv.Press.
LooksattheuncannyeffectsofAboriginalclaimsforsacrednessandthewayinwhichtheseclaimsproducecomplex
entanglementsbetweenAboriginalandSettlersociety,ultimatelyunsettlingtheAustralianpublicsphere.
Merlan,Francesca.1998.Cagingtherainbow:Places,politics,andaboriginesinaNorthAustraliantown.Honolulu:
Univ.ofHawaiiPress.
AnethnographicaccountofeverydaylifeinasmalltownthatexploreschangingAboriginalnotionsofplaceaswellasthe
interculturalsituationfacedbyFourthWorldpeoplesinAustraliaandothersettlerstates.
Sutton,Peter.2009.Thepoliticsofsuffering:IndigenousAustraliaandtheendoftheliberalconsensus.Melbourne:
MelbourneUniv.Publishing.
ThisscathingandcontentiouscritiqueofliberalreformsinAustraliasAboriginalpolicyisoneofthemajorworkstoemerge
fromtheacademicandpoliticaldebatessurroundingtheNorthernTerritoryIntervention.
NewZealand
ThoughoftengroupedwiththeotherbigthreeAnglosettlerstates,NewZealandisuniqueinmanyrespects.First,while
indigenouspeoplesconstitutelessthan1percentofthepopulationintheUnitedStates,about4percentinCanada,and2.5
percentinAustralia,15percentofNewZealandspopulationisindigenousMaori.TheMaorihavehadhadsignificantlymore
successmakingpoliticalclaimsandshapingstatestructuresthanmanyotherFourthWorldpeoples.Thisiswellillustratedby
Bargh2007,acollectionofessaysfocusingonthediversewaysinwhichMaorihaveresistedneoliberalstatepractices.
ResistancetoneoliberalismemergesfromalonghistoryofMaoriculturalandpoliticalactivismtowhichthe1975Waitangi
Tribunaliscentral.TheWaitangiTribunalresultedinNewZealandsofficialadoptionofbiculturalism.Thestatenow
incorporatesbothPakeha(nonindigenous)andMaoriframeworksofgovernance.Moreontheemergenceofbiculturalismcan
befoundinDurie1998,whichtracesthedevelopmentoftheMaoriselfdeterminationmovement.Biculturalismalsoshapes
environmentalgovernanceinNewZealand,andKawharu2002exploreshowincorporationofMaoriecologicalknowledgein
landandfisheriesmanagementconnectstolargerissuesofindigenoussovereignty.OSullivan2007takesamorecynical
perspectiveonbiculturalismandarguesthatbiculturalstatepolicymayactuallystymieMaoriselfdetermination.Sissons2004
andSmith2011makerelatedcritiquesbothquestionwhetherbiculturalismhasreallytransformedNewZealandintoapost
settlernation.Additionally,Sissons2004arguesthatpostsettlernationhoodleavesnospaceforurbanindigeneityatopic
alsoaddressedbyRosenblatt2011initsinvestigationofMaorimeetinghousesinAucklandandtheirimpactonurban
11/26
5/29/2015
indigenousselfmaking.
Bargh,Maria,ed.2007.Resistance:Anindigenousresponsetoneoliberalism.Wellington,NewZealand:Huia.
ThiscollectionofpapersbyMaoriacademicsandactivistsfocusesonthediverseformsofMaoriresistancemountedagainst
neoliberalstatepracticesandpoliciesinNewZealand.
Belgrave,Michael.2005.Historicalfrictions:Maoriclaimsandreinventedhistories.Auckland,NewZealand:Auckland
Univ.Press.
ExploreshowlegalcourtsandcommissionsmediatedandreinventedhistoricalnarrativesofcolonizationinNewZealandand
theimpactthesenarrativeshadontreatyclaimsandtheinteractionsbetweenMaoriandsettlersociety.
Durie,Mason.1998.Temana,tekwanatanga:ThepoliticsofMoriselfdetermination.Auckland,NewZealand:
OxfordUniv.Press.
AhistoricallookattheinterfacebetweentheBritishCrownandMaoriandthedevelopmentofMaoriselfdetermination.
Particularattentionispaidtounderstandingsoftheconceptoftinorangatiratanga(usuallyglossedassovereignty,self
determinationorautonomyinEnglish).
Kawharu,Merata.2002.Whenua:Managingourresources.Auckland,NewZealand:Reed.
ThiseditedcollectionexploresMaoriresourcemanagementandshowshowlandandfisheriesmanagementisconnectedto
broaderissuesofindigenoussovereigntyandreconciliationbetweenMaoriandsettlercommunitiesinNewZealand.
OSullivan,Dominic.2007.Beyondbiculturalism:Thepoliticsofanindigenousminority.Wellington,NewZealand:
Huia.
ThiscriticalanalysisofcontemporaryMaoripublicpolicyarguesthatbiculturalismactuallyimpedesMaoriselfdetermination
strugglesandusescomparisonswithAustraliaandCanadatosuggestIndigeneityasanalternativepoliticalframework.
Rosenblatt,Daniel.2011.IndigenizingthecityandthefutureofMaoriculture:Theconstructionofcommunityin
Aucklandasrepresentation,experience,andselfmaking.AmericanEthnologist38.3:411429.
ShowshowtraditionalMaorimeetinghousesinAucklandprovideanindigenousframefortheinterpretationofexperience,
thuscontributingtoarevivalofculturewithimportantimplicationsforMaoriselfmakingandpoliticalstruggles.
Sissons,Jeffrey.2004.MaoritribalismandpostsettlernationhoodinNewZealand.Oceania75.1:1931.
ThisarticlearguesthatpostsettlernationhoodinNewZealandisconstructedaroundabinarythatleavesnosecureplacefor
urbanindigeneity,thusdispossessingrelocated,nontriballyaffiliatedMaori.
Smith,Jo.2011.Aotearoa/NewZealand:Anunsettledstateinaseaofislands.SettlerColonialStudies1.1:111131.
ThispaperlooksathowdiscoursesofnationalidentityinNewZealandcontinuetoprivilegesettlerperspectives.
12/26
5/29/2015
Africa
SettlercolonialanalysesofAfricaarefairlyrecent,inpartbecausemostAfricannationsdonothaveindigenouspeoples(in
thesensethatthistermisgenerallyemployedbytheUnitedNations).Pelican2009isausefulexplorationofthecomplexities
ofindigeneityinanAfricancontext.UnlikenativegroupsintheUnitedStates,NewZealand,Canada,orAustralia,Africansare
notFourthWorldpeoplestheyarenotaminoritygroup.Yet,ashistoricalworkssuchasKeegan1996andMitchell2008
demonstrate,theexperiencesofnativeAfricansinwhitesettlerstateslikeSouthAfricaandZimbabwecloselyparallelthoseof
FourthWorldpeoples.WhileKeegan1996andMitchell2008investigatehowresourceextractionandtheexpansionof
globaltradenetworksledtodispossessionandtheemergenceoftheracialstate,Cavanagh2013explicitlybringssettler
colonialtheorytobearontheideologyofapartheid.Inthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,bothZimbabweandSouthAfrica
experiencedmajorhistoricalshiftstheelectionofMugabeafterarevolutioninZimbabweandtheendofapartheidinSouth
Africa.Reconciliationandrestitutionprocessesalongwitheffortstoreindigenizethestatemeansbothcountriesremainin
ongoingperiodsoftransformationtoday.Fischer2010examinesthedecolonizationofwhiteidentityamongthesmall
communityofsettlersstilllivinginZimbabwe.AsMamdani1998argues,citizenshipinAfricaremainsdeeplyaffectedbythe
mutualdependenceofsettlerandnativeidentities.Accordingly,workslikeCoombes2003andAndreasson2010explorehow
reconciliationandrestitutionprojectsinSouthAfricaandZimbabwerespectivelyaredeeplyshapedbyongoinglegaciesof
settlercolonialism.
Andreasson,Stefan.2010.Confrontingthesettlerlegacy:IndigenisationandtransformationinSouthAfricaand
Zimbabwe.PoliticalGeography29:424433.
AnalyzeseffortsmadebythegovernmentsofSouthAfricaandZimbabwetoaddressaperceiveddominanceofsettler
populationsandrestoresovereigntytoAfricansandhowsucheffortsacttopoliticizespace.
Cavanagh,Edward.2013.SettlercolonialismandlandrightsinSouthAfrica:Possessionanddispossessiononthe
OrangeRiver.NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan.
Thisbookexplicitlyusesthetheoreticalapparatusprovidedbysettlercolonialstudiestoexplorehistoriesofdispossession,
disruption,andfinallyrestitutioninSouthAfrica.
Coombes,AnnieE.2003.Historyafterapartheid:VisualcultureandpublicmemoryinademocraticSouthAfrica.
Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
Examinestherelationshipbetweenculturalproduction,memory,andpoliticsinpostapartheidSouthAfrica.Focuses
specificallyonhowSouthAfricasvisualandmaterialculturerepresentedthepastwhilesimultaneouslycontributingto
processesofsocialtransformation.
Fischer,JosephineL.2010.Pioneers,settlers,aliens,exiles:ThedecolonisationofwhiteidentityinZimbabwe.
Canberra:ANUEPress.
Alookatthenegotiationofidentityandbelongingamongwhitesettlerswhochosetoremainaftertheendofsettlercolonialism
inZimbabwe.
Keegan,Timothy.1996.ColonialSouthAfricaandtheoriginsoftheracialorder.Charlottesville,VA:Univ.Pressof
Virginia.
Thoughearlierscholarstracedtheemergenceofthe20thcenturyracialstatetothemineralrevolution,thisbooklocatesits
rootsearlier,inthe1820s,whenSouthAfricawasintegratedintotheBritishEmpireoffreetrade.
13/26
5/29/2015
Mamdani,Mahmood.1998.Whendoesasettlerbecomeanative?Reflectionsofthecolonialrootsofcitizenshipin
EquatorialandSouthAfrica.Inaugurallecture(UniversityofCapeTown),n.s.,208.CapeTown:UniversityofCape
Town,Dept.ofCommunication.
Theseminal,heavilycitedtextofalecturegivenon13May1998byUgandanscholarMamdanianalyzesthemutual
dependencyofsettlerandnativeidentities.
Mitchell,LauraJ.2008.Belongings:Property,family,andidentityincolonialSouthAfrica,Anexplorationoffrontiers,
1725c.1830.NewYork:ColumbiaUniv.Press.
ExploresthehistoricaldynamicsoflandtenureinSouthAfricaandtheconflictsbetweenDutchEastIndiaCompanyofficials,
settlers,indigenousKhoisan,andIndianOceanslaves.
Pelican,Michaela.2009.Complexitiesofindigeneityandautochthony:AnAfricanexample.AmericanEthnologist
36.1:5265.
ThisarticleexaminesthecomplexityofIndigeneityinanAfricancontextanditsrelationshiptopoliticaldiscoursesof
autochthony.UsescontemporaryCameroon(onceaGermansettlercolony)asacasestudy.
NewCaledonia
AnislandarchipelagointheSouthPacificinhabitedbytheindigenousMelanesianKanakpeople,NewCaledoniawasclaimed
1853
forFrancein1953.AftertheAlgerianWar,NewCaledoniabecameFrancesonlyremainingsettlercolony.Merle1995and
Muckle2012arebothexcellenthistoriesofFrenchsettlercolonialisminNewCaledonia.Thougha1998politicalagreement
knownastheNoumaAccordsinstitutedaprocessofdecolonizationthatcouldeventuallyleadtoindependence,New
CaledoniaremainsontheUnitedNationsListofNonSelfGoverningTerritories.Kanak,whonowmakeup40percentofNew
Caledoniaspopulation,havefacedauniquesetofobstaclesintheirstrugglesforselfdeterminationandsovereignty.French
republicanismblockstheuseofculturaldifferencesasthebasesforpoliticalclaims.Consequently,asLeFevre2013
examines,thestructuresoftheFrenchstateleaveverylittlespaceforindigeneity,whichisfundamentallypremisedona
relationshipbetweencultureandrights.TheFrenchsettlerstatebothrequiresandproducesdifferentformsofindigenous
resistancethanitsAnglo,liberalmulticulturalcounterparts(thiscanbeseeninBensaandWittersheim1998andChappell
2013).
Bensa,Alban,andEricWittersheim.1998.Nationalismandinterdependence:ThepoliticalthoughtofJeanMarie
Tjibaou.ContemporaryPacific10.2:369390.
OneofthefewpiecesinEnglishbyleadingFrenchscholarsofNewCaledonia,thisarticleanalyzesTjibaousvisionofKanak
sovereigntyanditsdependenceonbothPacificandFrenchnotionsofidentityandpolitics.
Chappell,DavidA.2013.TheKanakawakening:TheriseofnationalisminNewCaledonia.Honolulu:Univ.ofHawaii
Press.
ThiscompellinghistoryexamineshowconflictingformulationsofKanakidentityshapedtheemergentKanakindependence
movementofthe1970s(andcontinuetoimpactKanaknationalisminthepresentday).
Clifford,James.2001.Indigenousarticulations.TheContemporaryPacific13.2:467490.
Inthishugelyinfluentialessay,ClifforddrawsonhisconversationswithKanakindependenceleaderJeanMarieTjibaouto
14/26
5/29/2015
makebroaderargumentsabouttheformulationandexpressionofindigenousidentity.
Dussy,Dorothe.2012.Nouma,villeocanienne?:Sapproprierlaville.Paris:Karthala.
ThefirstmajorethnographyofNouma,thisbookprovidesafascinatinglookatthewaysKanak(aswellasPolynesiansand
otherOceanians)resistthesociospatialpoliticsofasettlercolonialcity.
LeFevre,TateA.2013.Turningnichesintohandles:Kanakyouth,associationsandtheconstructionofanindigenous
counterpublicsphere.SettlerColonialStudies3.2:214219.
ThisarticlefocusesonculturalproductionamongurbanyouthandshowsthewaysinwhichKanakhavemanagedtouse
certainstructuresoftheFrenchsettlerstatetofurtherKanaksovereignty.
Merle,Isabelle.1995.Expriencescoloniales:LaNouvelleCaldonie,18531920.Paris:Belin.
ThemostcomprehensivehistorywrittenofFrenchcolonizationinNewCaledonia,thisinfluentialworkpaysparticularattention
totheculturalandsocialdynamicsthatshapedrelationshipsbetweenKanakandsettlers.
Muckle,Adrian.2012.Spectersofviolenceinacolonialcontext:NewCaledonia,1917.Honolulu:Univ.ofHawaii
Press.
Adetailedhistoricalofthe1917warwidelyconsideredtobethelastoftheKanakrevolts(untiltheeventsofthe1980s).
ConsidersthelastingtracesoftheconflictincontemporaryNewCaledoniansociety.
Veracini,Lorenzo.2003.Theshadowsofthecolonialperiodtotimesofsharing:HistorywritinginandaboutNew
Caledonia/Kanaky,19691998.TheJournalofPacificHistory38.3:331352.
ThisarticletracesshiftsinNewCaledonianhistoriographyandtheirrelationshiptochangingpoliticalcircumstances.
Particularlyusefulforunderstandinghowdiscoursesaboutrace,indigeneity,andsettleridentitieshavechangedsincethe
1998NoumaAccords.
OtherSettlerColonies
Inrecentyears,settlercolonialtheoryhasincreasinglybeenemployedinstudiesofregionsnotpreviouslyanalyzedassettler
colonies.Forexample,agrowingandsometimescontroversialbodyofscholarshipincludingVerancini2006andJabary,et
al.2013analyzesIsraelasasettlercolony.Severalworks,mostnotablySalaita2006andWaziyatawin2012,draw
comparisonsbetweenthePalestinianexperienceofIsraelioccupationandsettlercolonialdispossessionandviolenceagainst
IndigenouspeoplesinAustralia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.AsworkslikeGeraci2008andEtkind2011indicate,cultural
historiansareincreasinglylookingtowardsettlercolonialismasaframeforexaminingtheexpansionoftheRussianEmpire
towardthePacific.AsChinacontinuestosendmillionsofHanChinesesettlersintominorityareaslikeTibetandXinjiang,
workslikeBovingdon2004andHansen2005havebeguntodealwithChinesesettlercolonialism.Writingattheintersection
betweenthesetwobodiesofscholarship,Mirsky2009comparesTibettoGaza.
Bovingdon,Gardner.2004.AutonomyinXinjiang:HannationalistimperativesandUyghurdiscontent.Washington,
DC:EastWestCenter.
Thispolicypaper,publishedbytheEastWestCenter,showshowChinesepolicieshavedeepenedUyghurdiscontentand
strengthenedethnonationalistconflictintheXinjiangregion.AlsounpacksUyghurnarrativesofChinaascolonialoppressor.
15/26
5/29/2015
Etkind,Alexander.2011.Internalcolonization:Russiasimperialexperience.Cambridge,UK:Polity.
TracesImperialRussiasinternalconquestandcolonization,fromtheenormousterritorialexpansionwroughtbythefurtrade
duringthe18thcenturythroughtheempirescollapsein1917.
Geraci,Robert.2008.GenocidalimpulsesandfantasiesinimperialRussia.InEmpire,colony,genocide:Conquest,
occupation,andsubalternresistanceinworldhistory.EditedbyA.DirkMoses,343371.NewYork:Berghahn.
AnalyzestheImperialexpansionofRussiatowardthePacificasasettlercolonial,andultimatelygenocidalproject.
Hansen,MetteH.2005.Frontierpeople:HansettlersinminorityareasofChina.London:C.Hurst.
AdetailedlookatChinesemigrationtoTibetandotherborderareasasanongoingprocessofinternalcolonization,thisbook
considershowtheexperiencesandidentificationsofHansettlersdivergefromofficialdiscoursesonmigrationinChina.
Jabary,Omar,MeznaQato,KareemRabie,andSobhiSamour,eds.2013.Specialissue:Pastispresent:Settler
colonialisminPalestine.SettlerColonialStudies2.1.
EssaysinthisspecialissueofthejournalSettlerColonialStudiesexamineIsraelasasettlercolonialstate.
Mirsky,Jonathan.2009.Tibet:ChinasGaza?AsianAffairs40.3:353360.
ThispaperdirectlycomparesTibetandIsrael,makingpersuasiveconnectionsbetweentheethnicandculturaldynamicsthat
shapehistoriesofconflictinbothlocations.
Salaita,Steven.2006.TheHolyLandintransit:ColonialismandthequestforCanaan.Syracuse,NY:SyracuseUniv.
Press.
Primarilybasedonanalysesofliterarytexts,thisambitiousandsomewhatcontroversialworkcomparesthedynamicsofsettler
colonialismintheUnitedStateswith(whattheauthorcharacterizesas)IsraelisettlercolonialisminPalestine.
Verancini,Lorenzo.2006.Israelandsettlersociety.AnnArbor,MI:Pluto.
ThefirstbooklengthstudytoexplicitlyanalyzeIsraelasasettlerstate,thismonographmakescompellingcomparisons
betweenIsraelandapartheidSouthAfrica,FrenchAlgeria,andAustralia.
Waziyatawin.2012.Maliceenoughintheirheartsandcourageenoughinours:ReflectionsonIndigenousand
Palestinianexperiencesunderoccupation.SettlerColonialStudies2.1:172189.
AninfluentialNativeAmericanscholarconsiderstherelatedexperiencesofIndigenouspeoplesandPalestiniansas
dispossessedpeoplesinoccupiedterritories.
ResearchThemes
Anumberofidentifiable(andinterconnected)thematicthreadsemergeintheliteratureonsettlercolonialism.Thesethemes
16/26
5/29/2015
cutacrossmultiplelocationsofsettlercolonialismtheyarenotlinkedtoanyspecificregion.Forthepurposesofthis
bibliography,existingresearchisgroupedintothefollowingsixthemes:Land,Space,andPlaceRecognitionandRightsSex,
Gender,andSexualityRaceandRacializationArtandRepresentationandTime,History,Narrative,andMemory.
Land,Space,andPlace
Territorialitydefinesandanimatessettlercolonialism.Accesstoterritoryissettlercolonialismsprimarymotivation(seeWolfe
2006,citedunderGeneralOverview).Atthesametime,indigenousidentitiesandconceptsofpersonhoodareoftenstrongly
anchoredtoland.Indeed,manyindigenousgroupsunderstandthemselvesashavingoriginatedfromtheirterritories.Theydo
notliveontheland,butarepeoplesoftheland.Takingthisintoaccount,itisnotsurprisingthatland,space,andplaceare
centralthemesinanthropologiesofsettlercolonialism.Severalworks,includingBanivanuaMarandEdmonds2010and
TriggerandGriffiths2005,examinetheveryactivewaysinwhichsettlercolonialismtransformsspace,replacingindigenous
landswithsettlerterritories.IndigenousrelationshipswiththelanddidnotconformtoWesternconceptsofownership,and
settlersoftenmisunderstood(orwillfullyignored)indigenoussystemsoflandtenure.WorkslikeBanner2007andHarris2004
demonstratehowmoraldiscoursesaboutsavageryandcivilizationshapedthelegalregimeslegitimatingdispossessionof
Indigenouslandsthroughoutthesettlercolonialworld.Relationshipstolandremaincentraltocontemporaryindigenous
identities,evenastheserelationshipsareprofoundlydisruptedbysettlerstatestructures.Povinelli1993looksattheseissues
inaninfluentialethnographyofwomenlivinginaremoteAustralianAboriginalcommunity.TriggerandGriffiths2005,a
collectionofessaysonrelationshipsbetweenland,culture,andidentityinmultiplesettlercolonialcontexts,providesavaluable
comparativeperspective.Otherscholarshavefocusedonthedifferenttypesofspacesproducedbysettlercolonialism,and
howthesespacesmaybegenderedorpoliticizedindiverseways.Agrowingnumberofindigenouspeopleliveinurbanareas,
andEdmonds2010investigateshowindigenousspaceisoftenerasedorobscuredinsettlercities.
BanivanuaMar,Tracey,andPenelopeEdmonds,eds.2010.Makingsettlercolonialspace:Perspectivesonrace,place
andidentity.NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan.
Contributionsinthiscollectionexaminehowsettlercolonialspacewasproduced(andIndigenousspaceerased)byideological
andculturalforces.
Banner,Stuart.2007.PossessingthePacific:Land,settlers,andindigenouspeoplefromAustraliatoAlaska.
Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniv.Press.
Showshowstrikingvariationsinthecontemporarylegalandpoliticalsituationsofindigenousgroupscanbetracedtoearly
settlerunderstandingsofnativelandownership.
Biolsi,Thomas.2005.Imaginedgeographies:Sovereignty,indigenousspace,andAmericanIndianstruggle.
AmericanEthnologist32.2:239259.
ThisimportantarticleshowshowfederalIndianlawandtribalsovereigntyinteracttoproducefourdifferentkindsofindigenous
politicalspacesthataffectcontemporaryAmericanIndianstrugglesintheUnitedStates.
Edmonds,Penelope.2010.Urbanizingfrontiers:Indigenouspeoplesandsettlersin19thcenturyPacificRimcities.
Vancouver:Univ.ofBritishColumbiaPress.
Thiseditedvolumefocusesspecificallyontheproductionofurbansettlercolonialspaceandtheparticularroleofcitieswithin
settlercolonialimaginaries.
Goeman,Mishuana.2013.Markmywords:Nativewomen(re)mappingournations.Minneapolis:Univ.ofMinnesota
Press.
17/26
5/29/2015
Anuancedhistoricalandtheoreticalworkanalyzingsettlercolonialismasanongoingformofgenderedspatialviolencethat
persistsincontemporarycontextsofneoliberalglobalization.
Harris,Cole.2004.Howdidcolonialismdispossess?Commentsfromanedgeofempire.AnnalsoftheAssociationof
AmericanGeographers94.1:165182.
ThisfascinatingpapershowshowthedispossessionofnativelandinBritishColumbiawasmorallylegitimatedthrougha
discourseidentifyingdifferentformsoflandusewitheithercivilizationorsavagery.
Povinelli,ElizabethA.1993.Laborslot:Thepower,history,andcultureofAboriginalaction.Chicago:Univ.of
ChicagoPress.
ThisethnographyexamineshowtheeverydayactivitiesofwomenintheindigenousBelyuencommunitydrawondeep
connectionsbetweenlabor,language,andlandscapeandshapeAboriginalidentity.
Trigger,David,andGarethGriffiths,eds.2005.Disputedterritories:Land,cultureandidentityinsettlersocieties.
HongKong:HongKongUniv.Press.
Thiscrossdisciplinarycollectionprovidesausefuloverviewoftherelationshipsbetweenland,culture,andidentityinsettler
societies.
RecognitionandRights
Indigenouspeoplesmustcontendwiththepoliticalandlegalstructuresofthesettlerstateinordertonegotiateforrightsand
recognition.Regimesofrecognitiondifferacrosssettlerstatecontexts.Consequently,astheessayscollectedinDenOuden
andOBrian2013demonstrate,indigenousselfdeterminationmovementsareoftenshapedbytheveryhegemonicstructures
theyseektoresist.InliberalmulticulturalsettlerstatesliketheUnitedStates,Canada,Australia,andNewZealand,certain
formsofdifference(suchasindigenousidentity)provideanacceptablebasisforclaimingparticularrights.Yetthestate
determineswhatconstitutesrecognizable,authenticdifference.InordertoberecognizedasanIndigenouspersonbythe
state,youmustconformtothestatesmodelofIndigeneity.Povinelli2002explorespreciselythisconundrum,demonstrating
howliberalregimesofrecognitionactuallyworktoperpetuatethesystemsofinequalitythatshapeIndigenouslivesinsettler
states.Coulthard2014offersasimilarlypowerfulcritiqueofthepoliticsofrecognitioninaCanadiancontext.Workingalong
similarlines,Miller2003exploreshowstateapproachestoclassifyingandmanagingindigenousgroupsoftenresultsinthe
nonrecognitionofcertainpeoples.Otherworks,likeBarker2011,considerhowindigenouspeopleshavethemselves
adoptedhegemonicconceptsofauthenticitythatmayleadthemtoreproducethesamestructuresofoppressiontheyseekto
resist.Throughoutthesettlercolonialworld,lawwaswieldedasapowerfultoolforbothcontrollingandtransforming
indigenouspopulations.Merry2000clearlydemonstratesthecentralroleoflawinsettlercolonialcivilizingprocesses.
Barker,Joanne.2011.Nativeacts:Law,recognition,andculturalauthenticity.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
ContendsthatNativecommunitiesmustdecolonizetheirownconceptsofculturalauthenticityorelseriskreproducingthe
samestructuresofnativeoppressiontheyseektoresist.
Coulthard,GlenS.2014.Redskin,whitemasks:Rejectingthecolonialpoliticsofrecognition.Minneapolis:Univ.of
MinnesotaPress.
Apowerfulcritiqueofrecognitionasamethodofmanagingdifferenceandgrantingrightsinliberalpolitics.Questionswhether
contemporarydifferenceandhistoriesofcolonialviolencebetweenthestateandIndigenouspeoplescanbemitigatedthrough
processesofacknowledgment.
18/26
5/29/2015
DenOuden,Amy,andJeanM.OBrian.2013.Recognition,sovereigntystruggles,andindigenousrightsintheUnited
States:Asourcebook.ChapelHill:Univ.ofNorthCarolinaPress.
Anextremelyusefulcompendiumofessaysfocusedonthecomplexculturalandpoliticalissuesinvolvedincontemporary
indigenousstrugglesforrecognition.
Field,LesW.2008.Abalonetales:CollaborativeexplorationsofsovereigntyandidentityinnativeCalifornia.Durham,
NC:DukeUniv.Press.
Aunique,collaborativelywrittenethnographyfocusingonthesignificancepractical,material,andsymbolicofabalone(the
mollusk)instrugglesoverindigenousidentityandpoliticalsovereigntyinCalifornia.
Ford,Lisa,andTimRowse,eds.2013.Betweenindigenousandsettlergovernance.NewYork:Routledge.
OfferingavaluablecomparativeperspectiveonIndigenousselfgovernance,thiscollectionfeaturesessaysbyleading
scholarsonthelegal,political,andadministrativerelationshipsbetweenindigenouspeoplesandthesettlerstateinAustralia,
Canada,NewZealand,andtheUnitedStates.
Merry,SallyE.2000.ColonizingHawaii:Theculturalpoweroflaw.Princeton,NJ:PrincetonUniv.Press.
Highlightsthecentralroleoflawwithinthecivilizingprocessof19thcenturycolonialisminHawaii.Showshowindigenous
HawaiiansocialworldsweredramaticallytransformedbytheimpositionofAngloAmericanlaw.
Miller,BruceG.2003.Invisibleindigenes:Thepoliticsofnonrecognition.Lincoln:Univ.ofNebraskaPress.
ExamineshownationstatesclassifyandmanageIndigenousgroupsthroughadministrative,judicial,andeconomicmeans
andhowthisleadscertainindigenouspeoplestobecomeunrecognized.
Povinelli,ElizabethA.2002.Thecunningofrecognition:IndigenousalteritiesandthemakingofAustralian
multiculturalism.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
Thisinfluential,theoreticallychallengingworkcontendsthatmulticulturalformsofrecognitionreinforceliberalregimes,
perpetuatingthesystemsofinequalitythatshapeindigenouslivesinAustralia.
Sex,Gender,andSexuality
Scholarshavepointedtothemyriadwaysinwhichsettlercolonialismwas(andcontinuestobe)ahighlygenderedprocess.
Smith2005showshowsexualviolencewascentraltosettlercoloniallogicsandpractices,alsoexaminingthewaysinwhich
settlercolonialstructurescontinuetoundergirdwidespreadgenderbasedviolencewithincontemporaryNativecommunities.
Settlercolonialismdisruptedandeffacedindigenoussexgendersystems,radicallyshiftingculturalunderstandingsof
femininityandmasculinity.Tengan2008exploreshowonegroupofNativeHawaiianmenstrugglestorediscoverandreassert
indigenousmasculinity.ThereisasubstantialbodyofliteratureonIndigenousfeminism(s).GoemanandDenetdale2009and
MoretonRobinson2000critiquethehegemonyofwhiteWesternfeminismaswellasthepaucityoffeministviewpointsin
Indigenousscholarshipandactivism.Amorerecentwaveofworks,likeDriskill,etal.2011,centerontheintegrationof
perspectivesfromqueertheoryandIndigenousstudies.Morgensen2011examinestheheteronormativityofsettler
colonialism.Povinelli2006considershowqueermovementsmightbesitesforthemanifestationofliberalsettlerstatelogics.
Inarelatedvein,Rifkin2014suggeststhatqueermovementsimplicitlyrelyonanerasureofIndigenousdispossession.
19/26
5/29/2015
Driskill,QwoLi,ChrisFinley,BrianJosephGilley,andScottLauriaMorgensen,eds.2011.Queerindigenousstudies:
Criticalinterventionsintheory,politics,andliterature.Tucson:Univ.ofArizonaPress.
Thisgroundbreakingcollectionexplorescriticalindigenouscenteredapproachestounderstandinggay,lesbian,bisexual,
transgender,queer,andTwoSpiritidentitiesandcommunitiesaswellasthecreativeramificationsofqueertheoryforNative
studies.
Goeman,MishuanaR.,andJenniferNezDenetdale,eds.2009.Specialissue:Nativefeminisms:Legacies,
interventions,andindigenoussovereignties.WazoaReview24.2:913.
AspecialissueofWazoaReviewdedicatedtoNativefeminisms,thiscollectionmakesacriticalfeministinterventionin
studiesofindigenoussovereignty,settlercolonialism,andgender.FeaturesessaysbyleadingnativescholarslikeJ.
KehaulaniKauanuiandAndreaSmith.
MoretonRobinson,Aileen.2000.Talkinguptothewhitewoman:Indigenouswomenandfeminism.StLucia:Univ.of
QueenslandPress.
AninfluentialAboriginalscholarinterrogateshowindigenouswomenarerepresentedwithinwhiteAustralianfeminismand
presentsanalternative,Indigenousstandpointwithinfeminisminresponse.
Morgensen,ScottLauria.2011.Spacesbetweenus:Queersettlercolonialismandindigenousdecolonization.
Thisprovocative,multidisciplinarybookexplainshowrelationaldistinctionsbetweenNativeandSettlerdefinethestatusof
beingqueer.Describestheinterdependenceofnation,race,gender,andsexualityintheUnitedStates.
Povinelli,ElizabethA.2006.Theempireoflove:TowardaTheoryofintimacy,genealogy,andcarnality.Durham,NC:
DukeUniv.Press.
ExpandingonearlierworkinAboriginalAustralia,PovinelliinvestigatesalternativeprogressivequeermovementsintheUnited
Statesandtheorizesintimaterelationsascriticalsiteswheretheliberallogicsofthesettlerstatearemanifest.
Rifkin,Mark.2014.Settlercommonsense:QueernessandeverydaycolonialismintheAmericanrenaissance.
ThisprovocativeworkuncoversthesettlercolonialunderpinningsofcanonicalworksofAmericanliterature,exploringhow
thesetextsqueerimaginingsimplicitlyrelyontheerasureofNativeAmericandispossession.
Smith,Andrea.2005.Conquest:SexualviolenceandNativeAmericangenocide.NewYork:SouthEndPress.
WrittenbyaNativescholarandactivist,thisbookpositionssexualviolenceatthecenterofsettlercolonialismsgenocidal
logics(andpractices).ExaminesthecontinuinglegaciesofthisviolenceinthelivesofcontemporaryNativeAmericanwomen.
Tengan,TyKawika.2008.Nativemenremade:GenderandnationincontemporaryHawaii.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.
Press.
ThisethnographyexploreshowNativemenreformulateandreasserttheirmasculineidentitiesthroughtheirparticipationina
traditionalHawaiianculturalgroup.AvividandaccessiblelookatthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenIndigeneity,race,and
20/26
5/29/2015
gender,thisisaparticularlygoodbookforundergraduates.
RaceandRacialization
Settlercolonialdominationisalsoaformofracialdomination,andissuesofraceandracializationarecentraltosettlercolonial
studies.Indigenouslogicsofidentityarerarelybloodbasedandusuallydrawinsteadonnotionsofgenealogicalconnection
andbelongingtoland.Theseformsofidentityreckoningarerarelyrecognizedbysettlerstates,whichracializeindigeneity.
ThisisparticularlytrueintheUnitedStates,wherefederallawscreateopposingpoliticalinterestsbasedonraciallines(as
Biolsi2007shows).Sturm2002,forexample,examinesconflictingracialandculturalunderstandingsofidentityinthe
CherokeeNation,whileKauanui2008showshowtheHawaiiansovereigntystruggleisunderminedbyfederallawsequating
NativeHawaiianidentitywithpossessionofaquantifiableamountofblood.RelatedworkslikeTallBear2013andtheessays
collectedinForte2013considertheincreasingacceptanceofbiologicaldefinitionsofindigeneitywithinindigenous
communities,andthepotentialthreatsthisposestoindigenousrightsclaims.Anumberofcomparativeworksconsiderhow
differentsettlercoloniallegalregimesworkedtoproduceracializedspacesandbodies(see,forexampleRazack2002and
LakeandReynolds2008).Untilrecently,scholarsofNorthAmericagenerallyanalyzedsettlercolonialismandthetransatlantic
slavetradeasseparatehistoricalphenomena.Newerscholarship,suchasSmith2012,arguesinsteadthatwhitesupremacy
dependsontheinterrelatedlogicsofslaveryandsettlercolonialgenocide.Thisscholarshipintegratessettlercolonialstudies
withworkincriticalracetheory.
Biolsi,Thomas.2007.Deadliestenemies:LawandracerelationsonandoffRosebudReservation.Minneapolis:Univ.
ofMinnesotaPress.
ShowshowracialtensionsbetweenIndiansandnonIndianscanbetracedtofederallaws,aswellascourtsthatcreated
opposingpoliticalinterestsalongraciallines.ArguesthatthebenefitsofwhiteprivilegecomeattheexpenseofNative
Americans.
Forte,MaximillianC.,ed.2013.WhoisanIndian?:Race,place,andthepoliticsofindigeneityintheAmericas.
Toronto:Univ.ofTorontoPress.
Thisvaluablecomparativecollectioninvestigatesthechangingrolesofraceandplaceinthepoliticsofdefiningwhatcountsas
indigenousidentity.
Kauanui,J.Khaulani.2008.Hawaiianblood:Colonialismandthepoliticsofsovereigntyandindigeneity.Durham,
NC:DukeUniv.Press.
ApowerfullywrittenhistoricalandculturalanalysisofthefederallawthatequatesNativeHawaiianidentitywithpossessinga
quantifiableamountofblood.Showshowtheexclusionarylogicofbloodquantumhasworkedtoundermineculturaldefinitions
ofindigeneity,ultimatelysubvertingtheHawaiiansovereigntystruggle.
Lake,Marilyn,andHenryReynolds.2008.Drawingtheglobalcolourline:Whitemenscountriesandthechallengeof
racialequality.Cambridge,UK:CambridgeUniv.Press.
Thisambitiousexerciseintransnationalhistoryexamineshowtheglobalcirculationofracialknowledgeandtechnologies
duringthe19thcenturyshapednationalidentitiesandremainscentraltomodernracialformationsinwhitemanscountries
(settlersocieties).
Razack,ShereneH.,ed.2002.Race,spaceandthelaw:Unsettlingawhitesettlersociety.Toronto:BetweentheLines
Press.
21/26
5/29/2015
Essaysinthiseditedvolumeexaminehowsettlercoloniallegalregimeshaveemergedfrom,andinturnproduced,oppressive
spatialcategoriesandracializedplacesandbodies.
Smith,Andrea.2012.Indigeneity,settlercolonialism,whitesupremacy.InRacialformationinthetwentiethcentury.
EditedbyDanielMartinezHoSang,OnekaLaBennett,andLauraPulido,6690.Berkeley:Univ.ofCaliforniaPress.
Arguesthatwhitesupremacydrawsontheinterrelatedlogicsofslavery(antiblackracism)andgenocide(settlercolonialism),
butthatracetheoristshavelargelyfailedtoacknowledgethesignificanceofindigenousgenocideinanalysesofracial
formations.
Sturm,Circe.2002.Bloodpolitics:Race,culture,andidentityintheCherokeeNationofOklahoma.Berkeley:Univ.of
CaliforniaPress.
Drawingonbothethnographyandethnohistory,thisbookshowsthatalthoughCherokeeidentityissociallyandpolitically
constructed,thisprocesshasincreasinglybecomeembeddedinconceptsofbloodandrace.
TallBear,Kim.2013.NativeAmericanDNA:Tribalbelongingandthefalsepromiseofgeneticscience.Minneapolis:
Univ.ofMinnesotaPress.
ShowshowDNAtestinghasfurthercomplicatedtheissuessurroundingdefinitionsofindigeneityandarguesthatan
increasingrelianceongeneticmarkersofgroupidentitycouldpotentiallyundermineNativeAmericanclaimstoland,
resources,andsovereignty.
ArtandRepresentation
Thereareanumberofworksfocusedonthepoliticsofrepresentationwithinsettlerstatecontexts.Representationisnevera
neutralact.Ginsburg1994introducesthetermculturalactivismtorefertothedeeplyintertwined,ofteninseparable,
relationshipbetweenIndigenousculturalproductionandpoliticalresistance.Thomas1999furtherelaboratesonthedistinctive
dynamicsofdispossessionandresistanceshapingculturalexchangesspecificallyinsettlersocieties(foranothertakeonthis,
seeClifford1988).Myers2002furtherdevelopssomeofThomassargumentsinafascinatingstudyofhowdotpaintings
createdinaremoteAboriginalAustraliancommunityweretransformedintoextremelyexpensivehighart.LeFevre2013draws
onbothGinsburg1994andThomas1999toexploreindigenousculturalactivismacrossadiverserangeofsettlerstate
contexts.Anumberofrecentworksforegroundquestionsofculturalandintellectualpropertyrights.Geismar2013andessays
inBerman2012examinethesocialrelationsproducedthroughtheexchange(andpurchase)ofculturalobjects.Bothworks
alsoexamineconflictingideasconcerningthemeaningofownershipinbothindigenousandWesternepistemological
contexts.
Berman,Theresa,ed.2012.Nodeal!Indigenousartsandthepoliticsofpossession.SantaFe,NM:SAR.
Thiscollectionofessaysbyartists,curators,anthropologistsandarthistorianscriticallyexaminesthesocialrelationsof
possessionandwhatitmeanstoownculturewithinbothindigenousandWesternepistemologicalcontexts.
Clifford,James.1988.Thepredicamentofculture:Twentiethcenturyethnography,literature,andart.Cambridge,MA:
HarvardUniv.Press.
Thoughnotexplicitlyframedaroundissuesofsettlercolonialism,asubstantialportionofthisimportantworkfocusesonlegal
andpoliticalstrugglesovertherepresentationofauthenticIndigenousidentityinamuseumcontext(theMashpeeCase).
22/26
5/29/2015
Geismar,Haidy.2013.Treasuredpossessions:Indigenousinterventionsintoculturalandintellectualproperty.
Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
AfascinatingexplorationofhowglobalformsofintellectualandculturalpropertyarebeingredefinedintwoPacificcountries
Vanuatu,anindependentstatewithan95percentindigenouspopulation,andNewZealand,asetterstatewhereindigenous
Maoriareaminority.
Ginsburg,Faye.1994.Embeddedaesthetics:Creatingadiscursivespaceforindigenousmedia.Cultural
Anthropology9.2:365382.
Writtenbyaleadingscholarofindigenousmedia,thisarticledevelopstheideaofindigenousmediapracticeasaformof
culturalactivismandselfdetermination,particularlyinsettlerstatecontexts.
LeFevre,TateA.,ed.2013.Specialissue:Difference,representation,resistance:Indigenouscultureaspolitical
resourceinthesettlerstate.SettlerColonialStudies3.2.
ThisspecialissueofSettlerColonialStudiesfeaturesessayslookingatindigenousculturalproductionasamodeofpolitical
resistanceinavarietyofsettlercontexts.
Mithlo,NancyM.2011.Bloodmemoryandthearts:Indigenousgenealogiesandimaginedtruths.AmericanIndian
CultureandResearchJournal35.4:103118.
FocusingspecificallyonNativeAmericanfilmandphotography,thispieceexploresthecomplexitiesandconstraintsof
translatingindigenousaestheticworldstoabroaderaudience.
Myers,FredR.2002.Paintingculture:Themakingofanaboriginalhighart.Durham,NC:DukeUniv.Press.
AnethnographyofhowacrylicdotpaintingsfromCentralAustraliaweretransformedintohugelyexpensive,soughtafter
piecesofhighart.Anincisivecasestudythattracestheclosebutcomplexrelationshipsbetweenindigenouscultural
productionandrecognitionstruggles.
Thomas,Nicholas.1999.Possessions:Indigenousartandcolonialculture.London:Thames&Hudson.
Thisinfluentialtextisanexcellentstartingpointforthoseinterestedinthedistinctiveplaceofindigenousartwithinsettler
societiesandthedynamicsofdispossessionandresistancethatshapeculturalexchange.
Time,History,Narrative,andMemory
Itisunclearwhethersettlercolonieseverbecomepostcolonial.AsWolfe1999(citedunderGeneralOverview)emphasizes,
settlercolonialismisanongoingstructureratherthananevent(seetheIntroductionandGeneralOverviewsections).Settler
colonialtemporalityframesasubstantialbodyofscholarshipconcernedwithmemory,narrative,andhistoryinsettlersocieties.
Furniss1999examinesthepoliticsofheritageinasmallCanadiancity,showinghowhistoricalrepresentationsofcolonialism
stillactivelyshaperelationshipsbetweenIndigenousandnonIndigenouslocalcommunities.Coombes2007offersa
comparativeperspectiveonsimilarissues,examiningtherelationshipbetweensettlercolonialhistoriesandculturalinstitutions
inbothSouthAfricaandAustralia.Ahandfulofworksinthisthematicthreadconsidermemoryandsettlercolonialnostalgia
fromtheperspectiveofsettlers.Lorcin2011comparestheaccountsofsettlerwomeninBritishKenyaandFrenchAlgeria.
Smith2006analyzesthecomplexnarrativesofnostalgiaandidentityarticulatedbyacommunityofMaltesesettlersrepatriated
toFranceaftertheAlgerianWar.Otherworks,includingMillion2013andtheessaysinPetersLittle,etal.2010investigatethe
affectiveforceofmemoryandsuggestthatsettlercolonialhistoriesandpersonalnarrativesofidentityareoftendeeply
23/26
5/29/2015
imbricated,particularlyinIndigenoussettings.Anumberofsettlerstatesareengagedinformalprocessesofreconciliationwith
indigenousgroups.Afew,includingAustraliaandCanada,haveissuedofficialapologies.Moses2011andJohnson2011both
explorethedegreetowhichsuchactionsactuallyalleviateongoingindigenousdispossessionorcontributetothedevelopment
ofapostcolonialnationalidentity.Moses2011focusesonthesituationinAustralia,whileJohnson2011comparesAustralia,
NewZealand,Canada,andSouthAfrica.
Coombes,AnnieE.,ed.2007.Rethinkingsettlercolonialism:HistoryandmemoryinAustralia,Canada,NewZealand
andSouthAfrica.Manchester,UK:ManchesterUniv.Press.
Avaluableeditedvolumefocusedoncomparativesettlercolonialisms.Investigateshowsettlercolonialhistoriesandpolitical
andculturalinstitutionsarerelated,andhowandwhytheydiverge.
Furniss,Elizabeth.1999.Theburdenofhistory:ColonialismandthefrontiermythinaruralCanadiancommunity.
Vancouver:Univ.ofBritishColumbia.
AnethnographyoftheculturalpoliticsofheritageandmemoryinasmallcityinBritishColumbia,thisbookexploreshowa
settlercolonialfrontiermythcontinuestoshaperelationshipsbetweenNativeandnonNativemembersofthecommunity.
Johnson,Miranda.2011.Reconciliation,indigeneity,andpostcolonialnationhoodinsettlerstates.Postcolonial
Studies14.2:187201.
ThisarticlecomparesandcontrastsnationalprocessesofreconciliationandofficialapologiesmadeinAustralia,NewZealand,
Canada,andSouthAfrica.
Lorcin,Patricia.2011.Historicizingcolonialnostalgia:EuropeanwomensnarrativesofAlgeriaandKenya1900
present.NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan.
Auniquecomparativeaccountofcolonialnostalgiaintwo(quitedifferent)settlercoloniesthatanalyzeswomenswritingto
makeafascinatingdistinctionbetweencolonialnostalgia(associatedwiththelossofasettleridentityandlifestyle)and
imperialnostalgia(aresponsetothelossofempire).
Million,Dian.2013.Therapeuticnations:Healinginanageofindigenoushumanrights.Tucson:Univ.ofArizona
Press.
Contendsthatnationstaterelationsandhumanrightsagendasareinfluencedbyatheoryoftraumawhichcorrespondstothe
therapeuticnarrativeofsettlerstatesnegotiatingwithIndigenouspeoplesseekingselfdetermination.Alsodemonstratesthe
multiplehistoricaloriginsofaffectandtraumainanindigenoussetting.
Moses,A.Dirk.2011.Officialapologies,reconciliation,andsettlercolonialism:Australianindigenousalterityand
politicalagency.CitizenshipStudies15.2:145159.
Showshowagrowingbodyofscholarshipontransitionaljustice,truthcommissions,reconciliation,andofficialapologiestends
toignoretheparticularconditionsofsettlerstatesinwhichreconciliationmustincludeindigenousminorities.
PetersLittle,Frances,AnnCurthoys,andJohnDocker,eds.2010.Passionatehistories:Myth,memoryand
indigenousAustralia.Canberra:ANUEPress.
AninterestingcollectionofessaysexaminingtheemotionalengagementsofbothAboriginalandnonAboriginalpeoplewith
indigenoushistoryinAustralia.Exploresthediversewaysthatthecolonialpastlivesonasmyth,memory,andhistory.
24/26
5/29/2015
Smith,AndreaL.2006.ColonialmemoryandpostcolonialEurope:MaltesesettlersinAlgeriaandFrance.
Bloomington:IndianaUniv.Press.
Oneofthefewethnographiesfocusedonsettlers(ratherthanindigenouspeoples),thisbookinvestigateshowMaltesepieds
noirs,repatriatedtoFrancefollowingtheAlgerianWar,constructcomplexnarrativesofnostalgia,identity,andbelonging.
FutureDirections
Therecentpublicationofseveralbroadlyinfluentialworksandtheappearanceofnewjournals(seethesectionJournalsand
OtherReferenceSources)hasactedtofurtherconsolidatesettlercolonialstudiesasanewscholarlyfield.Thisdevelopment
hasbeenespeciallyevidentwithinanthropology.Cattelino2010arguesthatsettlercolonialismisincreasinglyforegroundedin
anthropologiesoftheUnitedStatesingeneral.Thisisparticularlytrueinstudiesofraceandracialization,citizenship,and
emergentsocialandpoliticalforms,asexemplifiedbyPovinelli2011.Recentpoliticalandethicalcritiquesofsettlercolonial
theory,likeMacounandStrakosch2013,alsoseemtoattesttoitswidespreadacceptanceasanidentifiable(andthus
criticizable)frameofanalysisthatwilllikelycontinuetotransformandexpandinfutureyears.Newscholarshipinqueerand
transstudiesalsoincorporatessettlercolonialtheory.WorkslikeSpade2011demonstratethatsettlercolonialanalysis
remains,atheart,anactivistscholarship.
Cattelino,Jessica.2010.AnthropologiesoftheUnitedStates.AnnualReviewofAnthropology39:275292.
Thisaccountarguesthatsettlercolonialismis(orshouldbe)increasinglyforegroundedinstudiesofsocial,political,andracial
formationsinthecontemporaryUnitedStates.
Macoun,Alissa,andElizabethStrakosch.2013.Theethicaldemandsofsettlercolonialtheory.SettlerColonial
Studies3.34:426443.
Nowthatsettlercolonialtheoryhasbecomeanidentifiableandincreasinglypopularscholarlyframework,thisarticleexplores
itsstrengthsandlimitationsasatoolfordisturbingratherthanreenactingcolonialprivilege.
Povinelli,ElizabethA.2011.Economiesofabandonment:Socialbelongingandenduranceinlateliberalism.Durham,
NC:DukeUniv.Press.
Povinellidrawsondecadesoffieldworkinsettlercolonialnations(AustraliaandtheUnitedStates)toanalyzebiopowerand
alternativepotentialitiesofsocialexistenceinthecontextoflateliberalism.Connectssettlercolonialstudieswithdiscussions
aboutemergentanthropologicalconcernslikeanimacy,ontology,andinsecurity.
Spade,Dean.2011.Normallife:Administrativeviolence,criticaltranspolitics,andthelimitsofthelaw.NewYork:
SouthEndPress.
Drawingextensivelyfromsettlercolonialtheory,Spadearticulatesacriticaltranspoliticsofemancipationaimedatresistingthe
administrativeviolenceoftherightsgrantingneoliberalstate.Integratesqueertheory,criticalracetheory,radicalpolitics,and
settlercolonialtheoryinnovelandexcitingways.
backtotop
25/26
5/29/2015
Copyright2015.Allrightsreserved.
26/26

Settler Colonialism

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Settler Colonialism

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

5/29/2015

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

Settler Colonialism - Anthropology - Oxford Bibliographies

S-ar putea să vă placă și