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[1]
[1]
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[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
10 B
[1]
Structured questions
11 a
Stabilising
Disruptive
Directional
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
ii
Directional
[1]
Frequency
iii
Beak size
iv
Correct graph
with both curves [2]
This causes the mean to shift towards the phenotype providing the selective
advantage / shifts towards the large-beaked birds
[1]
Small-beaked finches
Long-beaked finches
[1]
[1]
ii
Disruptive
[1]
iii
Bimodal
[1]
Frequency
Trait
Frequency
ii
Trait
12 a
b
Gene
Chromosome
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
ii
[2]
iii
[2]
iv
[2]
d
homologous
chromosomes fail to
separate
gametes contain 2
copies of
chromosome 21
[1]
[1]
Stated [1]
Testable [1]
13 a
There was only one predator present, which was not very voracious
There was a low level of predation
ii
After 5 generations
the % of drabbest and drab guppies (17 + 34) is approximately equal to bright
and brightest (42 + 7)
the % brightest guppies was the highest / 42%
the % of the bright guppies was lowest / 7%
After 12 generations
the number of brightest guppies increased to 95%
the % of drab and drabbest dropped to 4%
Any valid point
iii
ii
[1]
[1]
34 points [2]
12 points [1]
drabbest
more brightly coloured male guppies are easily seen by predators
and are eaten
guppies that are drably coloured can hide from predators / are
camouflaged
[1]
Directional
[1]
Essay questions
14 a
15 a
ii
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
Gene mutations
a nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence can be substituted, inserted or deleted
[1]
Chromosome mutations
Change in structure can result when a section of the chromosome is deleted,
duplicated, translocated or inverted
[1]
[1]
16 a
[1]
[1]
ii
[1]
Well explained [2]