IEEE Tutorial on IPTV

IPTV End-User System

Shuji Hirakawa
Toshiba Corporation
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting / Associate Editor
Proceedings of the IEEE, Editorial Board Member
IEC Technical Committee 100 (TC 100) Secretary
ITU-R Working Party 6M (WP 6M) Vice Chairman

Contents
Dr. Sheaus question and his answers
Telco IPTV service types
The number of FTTH service subscribers in Japan
Existing FTTH services

International Standardizations
IEC TC 100 and its Technical Area 9 for end-user networking
ITU-T FG on IPTV Working Group 5 for end system

MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS
Telco IPTV service using MPEG2-TS and MPEG-PS

Requirement for IPTV end-user devices

End-user device block diagram and protocol stack
Other requirements for IPTV end-user devices

End-user network and IPTV services

2

What is IPTV?
Dr. Sheau Ng (Vice President, NBC Universal) raised
the question what IPTV is. He gave us the following
answers in his paper:
Internet Video (Type 1)
Telco IPTV (Type 2)
TV Over Net or Web TV (Type 3)
End-user devices should receive as many services as
possible.
Detailed descriptions of three types are in the
following:

Type 1: Internet Video (TV)

Video content that is streamed over the internet to a
home PC. User has to navigate, typically via the web
browser on their home PC, to a particular website,
selects the desired video contents to be viewed, and
wait for the video streaming to begin.
Typically, content is viewed on the PC display, rather
than a television display, unlike traditional TV content.
Users usually need traditional PC navigation devices,
such as a keyboard and a mouse, to interact with the
application and
make his/her content selection.
In the first presentation, it is called
as Internet TV.
E.g., YouTube, Google Video, etc in USA
Gyao, etc in Japan.
4

Type 2: Telco IPTV

Video services comprising a line-up of traditional TV programs,
often in metaphors familiar to traditional TV users.
Users typically can choose to watch a channel of linear TV
content.
The service is very similar, and sometimes identical, to a cable or
satellite TV service.
A set-top-box (STB) is used to provide
the video signal to a TV receiver
display in consumer's home.
In some cases, a digital TV set
can be a target receiver of telco IPTV
services.
The user typically uses a remote
control to navigate, select and
interact with contents.

Type 3: TV Over Net or Web TV

A new TV receiver, or an adapter box, will have an
Ethernet (RJ-45) jack that is used by the TV to navigate
out onto the internet to access specific websites where
either live or on-demand video content can be streamed
to the TV.
In some parts of the world, such as Japan and parts of
Europe, TV receivers that previously use the internet to
access non-video data (e.g., local weather, traffic
conditions, sports score, etc.) are now able to access
video content over the internet.
User uses a remote control to navigate, through the
internet-enabled TV receivers, the content selection.

Telco IPTV Service Types

Linear IPTV (Type 2) is exactly the same multichannel television service as Cable Television and
Satellite Television systems are providing.
(I learned the fact at Telecom 2006 in Hong Kong)
Cable Television + DOCSIS (high-speed internet / IP-phone) = Triple-Play
Telephone + Cupper-DSL (high-speed internet + IPTV) = Triple-Play
FTTH (High-speed internet + IP-phone + IPTV) = Triple-Play

An additional element is VoD for which conventional

Cable Television systems are not so suitable.
There are quite deferent roll-out plans of IPTV services
region by region.
In USA, telco IPTV providers are competing with Cable Television MultipleSystem Operators. MSOs are still dominant in USA and triple-play providers.
In Japan, FTTH becomes quite popular right now. FTTH subscribers
increased 61 % in Year 2006 and became 8.80 Millions while high-speed
Cable Internet subscribers were 3.61 Millions as of the end of 2006.

High-speed internet access subscribers in Japan

Horizontal: Time, e.g. [18 ] 2006, Vertical: The number of subscribers in 10 thousand.
8

Existing FTTH services

I am receiving several advertising leaflets inserted into
newspapers in a week.
There are two major FTTH providers in my area.
One provider serves 100 Mbit/sec access per subscriber.
The other serves shared 100 Mbit/sec access for individual household
however it has additional optical-RF transmission multi-channel TV
service using wavelength multiplexing (Sky-Perfect Optical).

Two examples of triple-play service using FTTH

10

International Standardization Activities in IEC

End-user system comprises terminal (device) and
end-user network.
International Electrotechnical Committee TC 100 (Audio,
video and multimedia systems and equipment) has two
Technical Areas (TAs):
IEC TC 100/TA 1: Terminals for audio, video and data services and
content
IEC TC 100/TA 9: Audio, video and multimedia applications for enduser network

11

IP connection within end-user network

IEC TC 100 has developed two International Standards
based on DLNA Specifications.
IEC 62481-1 Ed.1: DLNA Home networked device interoperability
guidelines - Part 1: Architecture and Protocols
IEC 62481-2 Ed.1: DLNA Home networked device interoperability
guidelines - Part 2: Media Formats
See next page

DTCP-IP allows end-user IP network to carry HDTV

content between TV receiver and digital recording
devices under localization restriction (a measured RTT
should be less than 7 milliseconds.)
DTCP: Digital Transmission Content Protection
RTT: Round Trip Time

An end-user device with HDTV video decoding

capability has high-speed IP connectivity using an RJ45 connector at least. Show an example later
12

Standardization in ITU-T Focus Group on IPTV

ITU-T Focus Group on IPTV is discussing mainly Type 2
system (Telco IPTV).
ITU-T FG IPTV WG 5 (end systems) is divided into two
sub-working groups:
Terminal devices (TDs) / End-user devices
Home network / End-user network
BC-NW
Secondary
Dom ain
IPTV-NW
(e.g.NGN)

NT

Prim ary
Dom ain
(IP-HN-P)

Access
GW

IP
(IP-HN-S)

IPTV
TD

HNTD

non-IP
(PR-HN-S)
UInterface
IPI-4

IPI-3

IPI-1

IPI-0/IP1-1

Hom e Network
IP-HN-P:IP Hom e Network Prim ary
IP-HN-S:IP Hom e Network Secondary
PR-HN-S:Proprietary Hom e Network Secondary

14

MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS
Linear IPTV (Type 2) is using MPEG2-TS mechanism.
Some channels of Linear IPTV services come from off-air digital
television broadcasting that are using MPEG2-TS.
MPEG2-TS may be recorded directly by end-user recording devices.

Telco IPTV enterprise may provide also VoD service

using file downloading mechanism into end-user
recording media.
Playback from end-user recording media is using MPEG-PS
mechanism.

Internet TV (Type 1) providers also use MPEG-Program

Stream (MPEG-PS) file downloading mechanism

15

MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS (Cont.)

Video content is encoded into Elementary Stream (ES)
by MPEG2/4-AVC Encoder.
ES is transformed into Packetized Elementary Stream
(PES)
Linear IPTV service is based on MPEG2-Transport
Stream (MPEG2-TS).
PES is carried by MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS.
MPEG2-TS makes use of PCR information in order to lock MPEG
decoding 27 MHz clock to encoding 27 MHz clock frequency.
MPEG2-TS makes use of push technology.

Almost of all VoD services are based on MPEG-PS.

There is no need to lock MPEG decoding 27 MHz to any frequency
resources. MPEG-PS is based on pull technology supposing
sufficient buffer storage without buffer-full nor buffer-empty.
16

An example of Telco IPTV services

IP
Unicast

File Type

Stream Type

IP Multicast
Off-air channel
re-broadcasting
Linear IPTV
MPEG2-TS/PES
Off-air channel
Data Broadcasting
MPEG2-TS/Section

Original
Channels
Linear
IPTV

VoD
Using
MPEGPS

Content
Downloading

Carousel Transmission

17

Requirement of IPTV end-user devices

Set Top Box or Digital Television Receiver?
Some of STBs may be distribute to IPTV subscribers
(end-users) by a Telco IPTV enterprise while some of
them are obtained from retail market.
Distributed STBs by some Telco IPTV enterprises may have walled
garden restriction for linear TV and VoD services.
HDTV output of STB may be displayed on a TV receiver using HDMI.

All digital television receivers are from retail market.

End-users are like to connect their own property, TV receivers, to any
possible source including off-air terrestrial RF channels, satellite
channels, any STBs, Internet TV, telco IPTV, WebTV, etc.
Current digital TV receiver has a lot of connecters on its back panel
including HDMIs, VDIs, Terrestrial Coax, Satellite Coax, IEEE-1394s,
RJ-45s, etc. Show an example later.

Remote controller and large screen display

18

IPTV Terminal Device Block Diagram (FG IPTV)

Functional Architecture Block diagram of IPTV Terminal Device

From FG IPTV Doc. 125
19

An example of end-user device block diagram

Descramble

Decipher

Internet Access

IPTV Channel
Security
Module

Caption
SI/EPG
BML
Browser
MPEG-PS
Player
Control

IR
Remote
Controller

VoD Control

Video
Decoder

HDMI

Port

Communication
Processing

Streaming
process

Audio
Decoder
Post Process/Overlay

RF signal
Front End
Processor

MPEG2-TS De-MUX

Coax

RF
Tuner

Audio
Out

BCAS
Card

20

Protocol Stack for Off-Air digital broadcasting

TV, audio
Service

Program
index
Section

Video/audio

PSI/SI

Subtitle,
Superimpose

Data stream

PES

Multimedia service
Multimedia coding
Mono-media coding
Carousel
Transmission
Format

Each
Communication
Protocol

Section

MPEG2-TS (TS packet)

PHY of Digital Broadcasting System

OFDM/FEC, 8Vsb/FEC for terrestrial

Two-way
Network
(non-mobile
network, mobile
network)

QPSK/8-PSK/FEC for satellite

From ARIB STD-B24

21

Protocol Stack for Linear IPTV Services

TV, audio
Service

Program
index
Section

Video/audio

PSI/SI

Multimedia service
Multimedia coding

Subtitle,
Superimpose

Mono-media coding
Data stream
PES

Carousel
Transmission
Format
Section

MPEG2-TS (TS packet)

Communication
Protocol
for TCP/IP

Time-stamped TS / PCR de-jitter

Realtime Transport Protocol

TCP

UDP
IP

Typical Linear IPTV Service Protocol Stack

22

Requirement for recording and/or retention

Regardless of types of end-user devices, IPTV STB or
digital TV receiver, end-user devices may have
retention and/or recording capability using digital
recording media, such as HDD.
Next digital TV receiver has a USB
connector for external HDDs in
addition to LAN connection.

There are many rules and technologies to protect

content rights and businesses.
It is very hard to foresee the future of this area right now.
Content protection scheme is deeply influenced by relevant all
service providers (content, access, IPTV service, etc.)
Removable security device is one solution.
23

An example of digital TV receiver back panel

It has three RJ-45 connectors:
one for a direct connection to HGW for 4th MEDIA (Linear IPTV and
VoD provider using FTTH)
One for external HDD for recording and retention
One for general purpose IP connection, for special EPG, Internet TV
including Actvila (www.actvila.jp), etc.

HDMI x 2
for 1080/60P

RJ-45 x 3:
for HDD, for
General Purpose,
and for 4th MEDIA

USB for
HDD
24

End-user network and IPTV services

Content delivery center
Broad casting
Content Delivery
PF
Content provider

STB

Multicast network
TV for IPTV service

Audience rate
server

DB
Audience rate
reports

Router
Video stream

STB
HGW
TV for IPTV service

Channel Info.
HGW: Home gate way

TV for IPTV service

System architecture of audience rating system from FG IPTV Doc. 125

This diagram may represent topological connection

between Telco IPTV service providers and end-user
devices (TV sets or STBs) including end-user network
End-user network is complicated for IPTV subscribers
and also for IPTV service providers.
25

Primary and secondary domains of end-user network

End-user network is consist of primary domain network and
secondary domain network according to the ITU-T FG IPTV
Document 126.
An IPTV end-user device can be connected to an Access Network
through the Access Gateway and Primary Domain Network,
Secondary Domain Networks in addition to RF connection to
Broadcasting Service Network.
BC-NW
Secondary
Dom ain
IPTV-NW
(e.g.NGN)

NT

Prim ary
Dom ain
(IP-HN-P)

Access
GW

IP
(IP-HN-S)

IPTV
TD

HNTD

non-IP
(PR-HN-S)
UInterface
IPI-4

IPI-3

IPI-1

IPI-0/IP1-1

Hom e Network
IP-HN-P:IP Hom e Network Prim ary
IP-HN-S:IP Hom e Network Secondary
PR-HN-S:Proprietary Hom e Network Secondary

26

PHYs of end-user network

There are four media for
end-user network PHY
layer.
Regular wired connection:
Category 5/6/7 twisted pair line
Power Line Transmission
TV Antenna Coaxial Cable
Transmission
Wireless Transmission

An access provider in
Japan is proposing its
subscriber to rent any enduser network media except
regular wired connection.
27

Requirement for end-user network connectivity

Recording capability is very important for IPTV STB
and digital TV receiver.
DLNA provides content viewing of recording equipment
(Digital Media Server) by a large screen flat panel
display such as digital TV receiver (Digital Media
Player).
Content including HDTV is transmitted over IP
connection of end-user network.
IP connection is protected by DTCP-IP in case of Japan.
End-user network is existing while there are so many
cases household by household.

28

Closing
Telco IPTV services are quite similar to multi-channel
cable television services by Cable TV MSO.
End-users/IPTV Subscribers are like to connect their
digital TV to any possible video sources, such as off-air
channels, satellite-channels, premium channels,
Internet TVs, Webs, etc.
TV is with large screen and remote-controller for
watching with sit-back situation.
Recent digital TV receiver is just as same as PC
considering their hardware architecture.
IP connection devices are extremely cheap and easy to
obtain from retail market.
End-user network is existing but complicated.
29

Thank you for your attention

Shuji Hirakawa, IEC TC 100 Secretary
shuji.hirakawa@toshiba.co.jp