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positive/negative/question
usage
Simple
Present
Present
P: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
signal words
a single or repeated
P: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?
action currently
taking place
action limited to a
particular timeframe
already planned or
Simple Past
Preterite
P: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
a single or repeated
Past
Progressive
Preterite
Continuous
Past
Continuous
Present
Perfect
Simple
Perfect
P: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
emphasis on the
process of an action
taking place in the past
multiple actions
the result is
emphasised
action that lasts to the
present moment
action that has just
been completed
completed action with
tense
positive/negative/question
usage
signal words
Present
Perfect
Progressive
Perfect
Continuous
the action is
Past
Perfect
Simple
Pluperfect
Past
Anterior
Past
Perfect
Progressive
Pluperfect
Continuous
Past
Anterior
Continuous
P: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
action before a
Future I
Simple
(will)
Future I
P: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
Future I
Simple
P: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
pre-existing intention
regarding the future
in a year, next ,
tomorrow
if-clause type I (If you ask
her, she will help you.)
supposition: I think,
probably, perhaps
in one year, next week,
tomorrow
tense
(going to)
positive/negative/question
Q: Is he going to speak?
usage
logical conclusion
Future I
Progressive
Future
Continuous
P: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
Future II
Simple
Future II
Future
Perfect
signal words
events
Future II
Progressive
Future II
Continuous
Future
Perfect
Progressive
Conditional
I Simple
Subjunctiv
e II
(Present)
Form of
Possibility
P: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
Conditional I Simple
Subjunctive II
(Present)
Form of Possibility
Conditional I
Progressive
P: He would speak.
N: He would not
speak.
Q: Would he speak?
P: He would be
speaking.
been completed by a
future time
by Monday, in a week
been completed by a
future time
emphasises the length
of the action
if-clause type II
(If I were you, I would go
home.)
if-clause type II
(If I were you, I
would go home.)
Subjunctive II
Continuous (Present)
Continuous Form of
Possibility
Conditional II Simple
Subjunctive II (Past)
Perfect Form of
Possibility
Conditional II
Progressive
Subjunctive II
Continuous (Past)
Continuous Perfect
Form of Possibility
N: He would not be
speaking.
Q: Would he be
speaking?
P: He would have
spoken.
N: He would not
have spoken.
Q: Would he have
spoken?
P: He would have
been speaking.
N: He would not
have been speaking.
Q: Would he have
been speaking?
https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/tenses/overview