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Measuringtemperature:PlatinumResistancethermometers

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MEASURINGTEMPERATURE:PLATINUMRESISTANCETHERMOMETERS

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AlgorithmsTemperature
WrittenbyAdministrator

Seawater

Monday,06December201013:45

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Platinumresistancethermometers

Temperature

Within a limited range several metals and alloys have an approximately linear resistivity alteration depending on temperature.
Resistance thermometers are sensors that allow determining temperature by measuring the electrical resistance of the sensor,
assumingthatitisinthermalequilibriumwiththemediumtomeasure.Thus,respectivesensorscanbeusedwithintheirspecificrange
tocalculatetemperaturebypolynomialapproximation.

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angeblichInstagram

Platinum has a positive temperature coefficient, meaning that electrical resistance increases with raising temperature. Platinum
Resistance Thermometers (PRT) are often manufactured of coiled platinum wire or as film thermometers with a layer of platinum
appliedonnonconductivesubstrates.Theyareusedintherange200Ct850C.Outertheseboundspolynomialapproximation
isnotassuredandhighertemperaturesareoftenproblematicforproperuse.Dependingontheapplicationtheplatinumfreelyextends
intothemediumtomeasure,ismountedonnonconductivematerialsorencapsulatedinhousingsforruggeduse.PRTsensorsare
characterisedbytheirspecificelectricalresistanceR0 at0C.Thecalibrationiseasilyaccomplishedbylengthandthicknessofthe
usedwireorcoatingareaandthickness.Commontypesare:
Pt100(R0 =100)
Pt200(R0 =200)
Pt500(R0 =500)
Pt1000(R0 =1000)
Pt3000(R0 =3000)
Pt6000(R0 =6000)
Pt9000(R0 =9000)
TheadvantageofPRTsistheirexchangeabilitywithoutnecessitatingrecalibration.Tomeasuretemperaturetheeasymeasurable
propertyoftheelectricalresistanceneedstobegauged.Withinagiventolerancethisresistancecanbeconvertedtotemperaturefor
therespectivePRTtype.TolerancesaccordingtoDINIEC751/DINEN60751(1995)are:
ClassA:(0.15+0.002*||)C
ClassB:(0.30+0.005*||)C
ClassC:(1.20+0.005*||)C
Class1/3:[1/3*(0.3+0.005*||)]C
Class1/5:[1/5*(0.3+0.005*||)]C
Class1/10:[1/10*(0.3+0.005*||)]C
AselectricalresistanceofPRTscanbecomeverysmall(e.g.18.53Ohmat200CforaPt100sensor)resistanceofthewiresusedto
cablethesensormaybesignificant.Anotherpointtopayattentionforisselfheatingofthesensorduetoacontinuousmeasurement
current.

Equation
As PRTs are not completely linear polynomial approximation is required. In the range 200C < 0C electrical resistance at
temperaturetiscalculatedaccordingtothepolynomial:

Intherangeof0C850Ccoefficientcissettozeroandthepolynomialbecomes:

Forconversionofelectricalresistancetotemperaturetheaboveequationscanbeusedaftersolvingfort:

Polynomial coefficients for conversion of resistance to temperature, or vice versa, from platinum resistance thermometers
accordingtoIPTS68andITS90scale.

Algorithm

Coefficient

IPTS68

ITS90

+3.90802E03

+3.9083E03

5.80195E07

5.7750E07

4.27350E12

4.1830E12

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TheaboveequationsareimplementedintwofunctionsfortemperaturesonITS90scale.ForIPTS68coefficientsneedtobechanged
totherespectivevaluestabulatedintable(XYZ).Itcanbeeasilyseenthatconversionissenseless,ifR0 =0.Thusbothfunctionscheck
forthiscase.
Thefirstfunctionistemp_PRTResistanceValue.ItcalculateselectricalresistanceofaPRToftypeR0 ()attemperatureaTemp(C,
ITS90).IfaTemp is not within the defined range of 200C to +850C function returns FALSE and a resistance value of 0 in the
variableResistance.Otherwiseelectricalresistancewillbecalculated.DependingonthevalueinaTemprespectiveequation(XYZ)is
chosenforaTempvalues0Candequation(XYZ)foraTempvalues<0C.
Thesecondfunctionistemp_PRTTemperatureValue.ItcalculatesthetemperaturefromagivenelectricalresistanceaResistancefora
PRTofthetypedefinedinR0 .Functionfirstcallstwicetemp_PRTResistanceValueforcalculatinglowerandupperlimitsofelectrical
resistance for the respective PRT type with base value R0 .WhenaResistance is outer these limits function returns FALSE and a
temperaturevalueof0inthevariableTemperature.Otherwisetemperatureiscalculatedfromelectricalresistancewithrespecttothe
PRTtypeR0 andreturnedinthevariableTemperature.

Source
Functiontemp_PRTResistanceValue(aTemp,R0:Double;VarResistance:Double):Boolean;
//Thefunctiontemp_PRTResistanceValuecalculatestheelectrical
//resistanceforaPlatinumResistanceThermometer(PRT)atgiven
//temperatureanddefinedresistanceR0at0CforaPRTelement.
//E.g.foraPt1000elementresistanceR0=1000.Functionreturns
//TRUEifaTempiswithintherangespolynomialapproximation
//aredefined,therespectiveresistanceforthetemperatureaTemp
//isfoundinResistance.
//
//Units:
//aTempInputtemperatureinITS90C
//R0TypeofPRT(resistanceat0C;e.g.Pt100)Ohm
//ResistanceReturnedresistanceofR0typePRTataTempOhm
//
//References:
//PrestonThomas&Quinn1990Techniquesforapproximating
//theinternationaltemperaturescaleof1990Bureau
//InternationaldesPoidsetMesures,2ndEdition1997,
//respectingtheamendmentsofthe2ndEdition
//
//(c)Dr.JanSchulz,17.December2008,www.code10.info
Begin
//expectbestcase
temp_PRTResistanceValue:=True;
//isaTempwithindefinedrangesforthepolynomialapproximation
If(aTemp>=200)And(aTemp<=850)THen
Begin
//aTempdecideswhichpolynomialtouse
IfaTemp>=0THen
Begin
Resistance:=R0*((5.775E7*aTemp+3.9083E3)*aTemp+1);
end
Else
Begin
Resistance:=R0*((((aTemp100)*4.183E12*aTemp5.775E7)*aTemp+3.9083E3)*aTemp+1);
end;
end
Else
Begin
//otherwisereturnFalseanddefinedResistance
temp_PRTResistanceValue:=False;
Resistance:=0;
end;
end;
Functiontemp_PRTTemperatureValue(aResistance,R0:Double;VarTemperature:Double):Boolean;
//Thefunctiontemp_PRTTemperatureValuecalculatesthetemperature
//measuredbyaPlatinumResistanceThermometer(PRT)atgiven
//electricalresistanceanddefinedresistanceR0at0Cfora
//PRTelement.E.g.foraPt1000elementresistanceR0=1000.
//FunctionreturnsTRUEifaResistanceiswithintheranges
//polynomialapproximationaredefined,therespectivetemperature
//forresistanceaResistanceisfoundinTemperature.
//
//Units:
//aResistanceInputelectricalresistanceOhm
//R0TypeofPRT(electricalresistanceat0C)Ohm
//TemperatureReturnedITS90TemperatureC
//
//References:
//PrestonThomas&Quinn1990Techniquesforapproximating
//theinternationaltemperaturescaleof1990Bureau
//InternationaldesPoidsetMesures,2ndEdition1997,
//respectingtheamendmentsofthe2ndEdition
//
//(c)Dr.JanSchulz,18.December2008,www.code10.info
VarMinResistance:Double;
MaxResistance:Double;
Begin
//expectworstcase
temp_PRTTemperatureValue:=False;
Temperature:=0;
//findminandmaxresistancevaluesfordefinedrange
Iftemp_PRTResistanceValue(200,R0,MinResistance)And
temp_PRTResistanceValue(+850,R0,MaxResistance)THen
Begin
//isaResitancewithindefinedrangeofpolynomialapproximation
If(aResistance>=MinResistance)And(aResistance<=MaxResistance)THen
Begin
//thencalculatetemperature
Temperature:=(R0*3.9083E3+

Sqrt(R0*R0*+3.9083E3*3.9083E34*R0*5.775E7*(R0aResistance)))/
(2*R0*5.775E7);
//andnotifythatweexpectreliableresults
temp_PRTTemperatureValue:=True;
end;
end;
end;

References

DINIEC751/DINEN60751(1995):IndustriellePlatinWiderstandsthermometerundPlatinMewiderstnde.GermanEditionHD
459S2,1988GermanNorm,December1990EN60751+A2,1995.

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