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ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS PROJECT
WORK 2015
TITLE: COFFEE
NAME:
SCHOOL NAME:
IC NUMBER:
ADVISOR:

Content Page

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No
1
2
3

Content
Title
Introduction
Task 1
1(a) Draw the graph of y = x2-2 for 0 x 2
(b) Find the expression of V in terms of y using Integration
(c) Find the time taken to fill up the cup with coffee

Page No
3
4
5

Task 2
2(a) Find the change of coffee in the cup, V with respect to the
height, y of the coffee level in the cup
(b) (i) Determine and tabulate the rate of increase of the height of
the coffee in the cup
(ii) Interpretation of data and discussion

6,7

Task 3 The Investigation of the efficiency of the new mechanism

3(a) Determine and tabulate the rate of increase of the height of the
coffee in the cup
(b) (i) Draw a Scatter Plot using Microsoft Excel to compare the
results with those in 2(b)
(ii) Give comments
(c) (i) Calculate the time taken to fill up the coffee cup with the
new mechanism
(ii) Interpretation of data and discussion

8,9

Task 4 The investigation of the rate of flow of coffee in the cup

when k varies
4(a) Determine and tabulate the rate of flow of coffee into the
cup when k varies using Microsoft Excel
(b) Determine the time taken to fill up the cup using Microsoft
Excel

9,10

Conclusion
Determine the best rate of flow of coffee into the cup.
Discuss whether the new mechanism is effective or not

10

Further Exploration : Coffee It is good or bad for us?

(a) List out 5 reasons for the positive effects and negative effects of
drinking coffee
(b) Use i-Think map to represent answer in (a)
Reflection
(a) What have I learned while doing the Add. Maths Project Work?
(b) Moral values that I practice when doing the project

11,12,13

14

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COFFEE

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INTRODUCTION

coffee, a tree, its seeds, and the beverage made from them. The coffee tree, a small evergreen of
the genus Coffea,has smooth, ovate leaves and clusters of fragrant white flowers that mature
into deep red fruits about 1/2 in. (1.27 cm) long. The fruit usually contains two seeds, the coffee
beans. C. arabica yields the highest-quality beans and provides the bulk of the world's coffee,
including c.80% of the coffee imported into the United States. The species is thought to be
native to Ethiopia, where it was known before A.D. 1000.
Coffee's earliest human use may have been as a food; a ball of the crushed fruit molded with fat
was a day's ration for certain African nomads. Later, wine was made from the fermented husks
and pulps. Coffee was known in 15th-century Arabia; from there it spread to Egypt and Turkey,
overcoming religious and political opposition to become popular among Arabs. At first
proscribed by Italian churchmen as a heathen's drink, it was approved by Pope Clement VIII,
and by the mid-17th cent. coffee had reached most of Europe. Introduced in North America
c.1668, coffee became a favorite American beverage after the Boston Tea Party made tea
unfashionable.
Coffee owes its popularity in part to the stimulative effect of its caffeine constituent. Caffeine, a
bitter alkaloid, can also contribute to irritability, depression, diarrhea, insomnia, and other
disorders. Decaffeinated coffees, developed in the early 1900s, account for c.18% of the U.S.
market. For those without the time or the inclination to brew their own, there are instant or
soluble coffees, introduced in 1867, which account for c.17% of U.S. coffee sales.

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Task 1
1(a) Draw the graph of y = x2-2 for 0 x 2
Method:
1. Calculate the value of y which 0 x 2.
2. Draw a table to represent the data.
3. Using the table data, draw a graph using a graph paper.
4. Let the vertical line as y-axis and the horizontal be the x-axis.
5. Plot the graph using the table.
6. Draw the line of the graph.
x

-2

-1

Table 1.1
A parabola curve-shaped graph is formed.

(b) Find the expression of V in terms of y using Integration.

Method.
1. Use the formula y =x2-2 to find the expression of the volume of a cup of coffee by using in integration method.
Working:
v=y x dy
=y y+2 dy
=[(y/2)+2y]y
=[(y/2)+2y]-[(0/2)+2(0)]
=[(y/2)+2y]
Therefore, the expression of V in terms of y using the integration method is V=[(y/2)+2y].

(c) Find the time taken to fill up the cup with coffee
Method:
1. By using the expression found in 1(b) , V=[(y/2)+2y],calculate the volume of the cup.
2. Substitute y = 7 to get the value of volume of cup.
3. Find the rate of volume of the cup by using differentiation method.\
4. Let the differentiated expression equals to 5.
5. Calculate the time taken to fill up the coffee.
Working:
v=x dy
= y+2 dy
=(y/2)+2y ]
=[(7/2)+2(7)]-[(0/2)+2(0)]
=38.5unit
V=38.5
(dv/dt)=5
(38.5/t)=5
t= (38.5/5)
t=24.19 seconds
Therefore, the time taken for the coffee to fill up the cup of coffee is 24.19 seconds.

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Task 2
2(a) Find the change of coffee in the cup, V with respect to the height, y of the coffee level in the cup
Method:
1. By using differentiation method, the change of coffee in the cup is found.
Working:
(dV/dh)=(2(y/2)
=(y+2)
Therefore, the change of coffee in the cup, V with respect to the height, y of the coffee level in the cup is dV/
dh==(y+2)
(b) (i) Determine and tabulate the rate of increase of the height of the coffee in the cup
Method:
1. By using differentiation method, the rate of increase of the height of the coffee in the cup ,dh/dt is found.
2. A table is drawn to tabulate the data.
Working:
(dy/dt)=(dy/dv)*(dy/dt)
(dv/dt)=5cms-1
y
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Table 2.1

dy/dt
0.795774715
0.530516477
0.397887358
0.318309886
0.265258238
0.227364204
0.198943679
0.176838826

Therefore, the data is filled with the value of the change of coffee in the cup, V with respect to the height, y of
the coffee level in the cup and the rate of increase of the height of the coffee in the cup.

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(ii) Interpretation of data and discussion
Method :
1. A graph is drawn to interpret the data.
2. Let the vertical axis be the dy/dt and the horizontal axis be the y.
3. Plot the graph using the table above.
4. A line is drawn to connect the points.
5. Analyze the graph.

graph of dy/dt against y

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

From the graph, I know that the highest rate of the graph is when the y equals to 0 and the dy/dt equals to
0.8cm3s-1. The graph also shows the decreasing of the rate of increase of the height of the coffee in the
cup. The lowest rate of graph is 0.19cm 3s-1. The rate of increase of the height of the coffee is considered
as low. When the height ,y increases, the rate of increases in the height of coffee decreases.This is
because when the coffee fill up in the cup from the bottom to the top,the rate should reduce to prevents
the coffee spill out of the cup.

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Task 3 The Investigation of the efficiency of the new mechanism

3(a) Determine and tabulate the rate of increase of the height of the coffee in the cup
Method:
1. By using differentiation method, a new expression of the rate of increase of the height of the
coffee of a cup is found.
Working
(dy/dt)=(dy/dv)*(dv/dt)
=[1/(2+y)]*(10/y+1)
=10/(y+1)(y+2)
Therefore the equation is found as dy/dt =10/(y+1)(y+2) .
y
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Table 3.1

dy/dt
1.591549431
0.530516477
0.265258238
0.159154943
0.106103295
0.075788068
0.056841051
0.044209706

(b) (i) Draw a Scatter Plot using Microsoft Excel to compare the
results with those in 2(b)
Method :
1. By using the Microsoft Excel, a graph is drawn.
2. Let the vertical axis be the rate of increase of the height of the cup of coffee and the horizontal axis be the y.
3. Plot the graph using the table of table above.
4. Draw a line to connect all the points
5. Label the x-axis and the y-axis and the title.

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Working

graph of dy/dt against y

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0

3
old dy/dt

new dy/dt

(ii) Give comments

From the graph above, it shows the new dy/dt is higher than the old dy/dt at first. But as the value
of y=1, the graph of the old dy/dt meets the new dy/dt. The new dy/dt is started to lower than the
old dy/dt. It shows that the new machine of dy/dt is not successful built. The rate of increase of the
value of the height of the cup of new machine is still below of the old machine. Improvement still
need to be done so that the rate can be higher.

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(c) (i) Calculate the time taken to fill up the coffee cup with the new mechanism
Method:
1. By using the b) T= (dt/dy)*dy, the time taken is been calculated.
Working
T= (dt/dy)*dy
= (y+1)(y+2)/10 dy
= (y+3y+2)/10 dy
=(1/10) [(y/3)+(3y/2)+2y]
=(1/10) [(7/3)+(3(7)/2)+2(7)]
=63.41 seconds
Therefore, the time taken for the coffee to fill up the cup is 63.41 seconds.
(ii) Interpretation of data and discussion
The time taken for the coffee to fill up the cup of a new mechanism is longer than the old mechanism.
Therefore, the new built of new mechanism is still need to be improve.

Task 4 The investigation of the rate of flow of coffee in the cup when k varies
4(a) Determine and tabulate the rate of flow of coffee into the cup when k varies using Microsoft Excel
Method :
1. By using integration method, the expression of new mechanism of the rate of increase of the level of
the cup is calculated.
Working:
T =dt/dy dy
= _0^7((y+2)(y+1))/k dy
=/k _0^7(y+2)(y+1) dy
=/k _0^7y^2+3y+2 dy
=/k[y^3/3+(3y^2)/2+2y]70
=/k(201.83)
Therefore, the expression is found as T= /k(201.83)
(b) Determine the time taken to fill up the cup using Microsoft Excel

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graph of dy/dt against k

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

20

40

60
old dy/dt

80

100

120

140

160

new dy/dt

From the graph above, I found that the new mechanism is successfully built. The new
mechanism has a higher rate of increase of the level of the coffee cup. Therefore, the new
coffee dispensing machine is useable and more convenient
Conclusion
Determine the best rate of flow of coffee into the cup.
mechanism is effective or not.

Discuss whether the new

The best rate of flow of coffee into the cup is the third coffee dispensing machine which
has the highest rate of 63.25cm3s-1. Therefore, the coffee cup can be filled up is faster in
one minute. The third mechanism is effective.

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Further Exploration : Coffee It is good or bad for us?

(a) List out 5 reasons for the positive effects and negative effects of drinking coffee
(b) Use i-Think map to represent answer in (a)

Further Exploration
(a) Positive effects of drinking coffee:

Coffee can lower risk of some cancer. Some substances in coffee have anti-inflammatory and
influence cancer-associated genes.

Drinking coffee can help to fight depression. Coffee contains large amounts of caff
major metabolites may lower risk of depression among coffee drinkers.

Liver can be protected by drinking coffee. Coffee consumption reduces DNA dam
volunteers.

Substances in coffee help to burn fat. Caffeine in coffee help mobilize fats from th
absorption of carbohydrates.

Coffee will increase energy levels. Caffeine in coffee quickly stimulates your central nervou
drowsy.
Negative effects of drinking coffee:

Drinking coffee can cause indigestion. Coffee increases stomach acid production, which cou

Coffee would lead to headaches. When someone regularly drinks coffee, the body adjusts in
blood vessels dilate too much, which causes a headache.

Blood pressure will increase by drinking coffee. Coffee quickly increased the stiffness of the

Coffee drinking would also lead to insomnia. Coffee cannot replace sleep, it can temporarily
and increasing adrenaline production.

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Coffee can causes one to increase anxiety. Coffee can lead to a feeling of being jittery and an
(b)i-THINK map

Reflection
(a) What have I learned while doing the Add. Maths Project Work?
(b) Moral values that I practice when doing the project

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REFLECTION

I learnt to calculate the values using integration and differentiation. Besides, I also learnt to draw graph using c
Work. From this project, I have learnt to calculate the rate of dispensing of one coffee dispensing machine.

Coffee is good for us if we drink it properly. We should not drink it when we are in hungry condition. Althoug
heart disease and stroke problems. Therefore, we should not overdrink coffee as caffeine is not good for our he

There are several moral values that I have practised when doing this project. I have learnt to be determined and
independence when I doing this project. I have tried to do this project without other people help. I also be than
up but I still continue to do this project.