MATH 101 Fundamentals of Mathematics

Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Jose P. Laurel Polytechnic College
Malvar, Batangas
College of Teacher Education
Fundamentals of Mathematics
FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS
Fractions a number whose value can be expressed as the quotient or ratio of any two

numbers a and b, represented by b , where

b 0.

Kinds of Fractions
1. Proper Fraction fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator.
2. Improper Fraction fraction whose numerator is greater than the denominator.
3. Mixed Number consists of a counting number and a proper fraction.
Conversions
Mixed Number to Improper Fraction
1. Multiply the denominator to the whole
number.
2. Add the product to the numerator.
3. The sum is the new numerator, then
copy the same denominator.

1
3 = (3 3 ) +1=10
3
1 10
3 =
3 3

Improper Fraction to Mixed Number

1. Divide the numerator by the
denominator.
2. The quotient is the whole number for the
mixed number.
3. The remainder is the new numerator
over the same denominator.

77
=77 6=12 r 5
6
77
5
=12
6
6

ORDER OF FRACTIONS way of arranging the fractions in ascending order (smallest to

biggest).
1. Similar Fractions
A fraction is greater than another fraction with the same denominator if the
numerator of the first is greater than the numerator of the second.
Examples:

4 3 7
, ,
11 11 11

5 3 9
, ,
17 17 17

2. Fractions with Same Numerators

A fraction is greater than another fraction with the same numerator if the
denominator of the first is less than the denominator of the second.
Examples:

10 10 10
, ,
7 3 11

4 4 4
, ,
17 19 21

3. Fractions with Different Numerators and Denominators

Convert the fractions to similar fractions and proceed to the first rule.
Examples:

MATH 101 Fundamentals of Mathematics

2 3 1
, ,
3 7 2

1 9 1
1 , ,
2 4 6

FRACTION OPERATIONS
A. Addition and Subtraction
a. Similar Fractions
Just add/subtract the numerators and copy the common denominator.

2 4
+
7 7

5 2

8 8

b. Dissimilar Fractions
Convert the fractions first to similar fractions. Then add/ subtract the numerators
and keep the denominators. Reduce to lowest terms, if possible.

3 1
+
5 6

6 1

8 7

B. Multiplication
Simply multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. Reduce the product to
lowest terms, if possible.

3 8

4 9

63 12

8 35

C. Division
Take the first fraction and multiple it by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

5 3

8 2

21 7

8 48

Examples:

1.

1
4
5
1 +1 2
9
9
9

2.

1
1
2
4 +3 2
5
2
5

3.

3
2
3 1
4 +2 1 +
5
5
10 2

4.

1 1
2 5
2 3

5.

1 2
5
1 2 3
3 3
6

6.

4 10 33 2

5 11 16 3

7.

1 4
3 1
1 3 4 1
2 5
4 5

8. Solve the following problems.

1. There are 300 members in Mathwizards club,

2
3 of them are freshmen,

1
5

are

sophomores and the rest are juniors. How many members of Mathwizards club are juniors?
2. A freshmen class of 40 girls and 80 boys sponsored an acquaintance party. If
girls and

3
4

3
5

of the

of the boys attended the party, how many freshmen attended the party?

MATH 101 Fundamentals of Mathematics

3. What fraction is half the sum of

4. Kaye spent

1
5

5
7

and 5 ?

of her money in one store. In the next store, she spent three times as

much as she spent in the first store. How much money did she have at the start if 60
pesos was her remaining money?
5. A farmer owns

3
5

hectares of land. After selling

1
4

of his share, how many hectares of

land did the farmer still owns?

9.
10.
COMPLEX FRACTIONS
Fractions whose numerator and/or denominator is/are also fraction/s.
To simplify these fractions, remember that the fraction bar means to divide. Rewrite the
fraction as a division problem and follow the procedure for dividing fractions.
11.
12.Simplify.

1.

8
15
4

2.

3
4
5
9

4.

5.
1+

3.

4 2
1
5 7
4
1
5

1
2
1

2
1+
3

1
5+

3
1+

6.

1+

1
3

1
4

1
1

1
4

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

10

10

10

Thousandths 24.
Ten

23.
Thousandths

22.
Hundredths

21.
Tenths

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

0.

0.

0.

0.

25.
Thousandths
Hundred

26.1

20.

19.
Ones

18.
Tens

17.
Hundreds

16.
Thousands

15.
Ten Thousands

14.
Thousands
Hundred

13.DECIMALS

37.0
.

0
1

38.
39.

CONVERSIONS
Decimal to
Fraction/Mixed
Number
42.Simply use the place
value and then reduce
to
lowest
term,
if
possible.

40.

Fraction to
Decimal

43.Recognize
that
a
fraction bar means to
divide. Thus, to change
a fraction to decimal,
simply
divide
the
numerator
by
the
denominator.

41.

Mixed Number
to Decimal

44.Separate and keep the

whole number part (this
is the number to the left
of the decimal point).
Then
divide
the
fractional
part
as
described on the left.

45.
46.DECIMAL OPERATIONS
A. Addition and Subtraction
47.
Make sure to line up the decimal points first. Add trailing zeroes if necessary to
avoid careless mistakes. Then perform the indicated operation.
48.
B. Multiplication
Multiply the numbers without regard to the decimal point to obtain a whole number
product.
Count the number of digits that are to the right of the decimal point of both factors.
Alter the whole number product to have the same number of digits to the right of
the decimal point, as counted in step 2.
C. Division
Set up the long division method.
Count how many digits there are to the right of the decimal point of the divisor.
Move the decimal point in the dividend with the amount from step 2.
Raise the newly placed decimal point up to the quotient.
Divide as usual, as if there were no decimal points.
49.
50.Solve the following problems.
1. A cellphone costs Php 12 250.75 and the price drops Php 876.88 every month, what is the
price of the cellphone after 3 months?
2. The share of market index was 869.3 on Monday. The index dropped by 38.6 on Tuesday
and rose 16.48 on Wednesday. Find the final index on Wednesday before closing.
3. A shirt pattern requires 22.5 dm of cloth. If a tailor has 65.25 meters of cloth available,
how many shirts can be made?
51.
52.
53.Prepared by:
54.
55.
Ms. Rensie Vique F. Falculan
56.Instructor