TABLE OF CONTENTS

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

TITLE:

Topics

Page No.
2
2
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
10

Title
Objective
Theory
Equipment
Procedure
Data and Results
Sample Of Calculation
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
References

CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate the effect of flow rate variation on the performance

characteristics of a counter-flow concentric tube heat exchanger.
1

THEORY:
The equations for calculating the performance characteristics: power emitted, power
absorbed, power lost, efficiency (), logarithmic mean temperature (), and overall heat
transfer coefficient (U).
The efficiency for the cold medium is:

c = (Tc,out Tc,in) / (Th,in Tc,in) 100

The efficiency for the hot medium is:

h = (Th,in Th,out) / (Th,in Tc,in) 100

The mean temperature efficiency is:

mean = ( c + h ) / 2
The power emitted is given below (where Vh is the volumetric flow rate of the hot
fluid):

Power Emitted = Vh h Cph ( Th,in Th,out )

The power absorbed is given below (where Vc is the volumetric flow rate of the cold
fluid):

Power Absorbed = Vc c Cpc ( Tc,out Tc,in )

The power lost is therefore:

Power Lost = Power Emitted Power Absorbed

The overall efficiency () is:

=(Power Absorbed / Power Emitted) 100

The logarithmic mean temperature difference (Tm) is:

Tm = (T1 T2) / ln (T1/T2)

= [ (Th,in Tc,out) (Th,out Tc,in) ] / ln [(Th,in Tc,out) / (Th,out Tc,in)]
The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) is:

U = Power Absorbed / As . Tm
Where the surface area (As) for this heat exchanger is 0.067 m

EQUIPMENT:

The experiment set-up consists of:

a) Set of tube heat exchanger.
b) Cold fluids supply and hot fluids supply.
c) Digital stopwatch.

Figure 1: Set of tube heat exchanger.

Figure 2: Volumetric Flow Rate.

Figure 3: Decade Switch.

Figure 4: Flow Diagrams.

This experiment can be made using either parallel or counter flow operation. This
experiment was conducted as counter flow operation.

PROCEDURE:
1. Configure the experiment for counter flow heat exchanger operation such as turn
ON the heating elements to heat the fluids.
2. Set the required hot water inlet temperature to Th,in = 60 with the decade switch
and set the cold water volumetric flow rate (Vc) to run at a constant 2000
cm/min.
3. Initially set the hot water volumetric flow rate Vh to 1000 cm/min. Wait until 5
minutes before the six temperature readings are records.
4. Repeat this for volumetric flow rate,Vh of 2000, 3000 and 4000 cm/min for hot
water. Record the temperature readings in the table.
5. After finish up the experiment, turn OFF the heating elements, close the valve for
hot and cold water.

DATA AND RESULTS:

Vh
(cm/min
(m/s)

Th,in
(C)

Th,mid
(C)

Th,out
(C)

Tc,in
(C)

Tc,mid
(C)

Tc,out
(C)

)
1000

1.667E-

60

53

47

30

31

35

2000

5
3.333E-

60

55

50.5

30

33

38

3000
3900

5
5E-5
6.5E-5

60
60

57
58

53
54

30
30

34
35

40
41

Vh

Power

Power

Emitted Absorbed
(W)
(W)

Power

Efficiency

T1

T2

Tm

Lost
(W)

(%)

(C)

(C)

(C)

W/(m. C)

cm/

m/s

min
1000

1.667E

891.786

693.479

198.307

77.76

25

17

20.74

499.06

2000

-5
3.333E

1302.99

1109.57

193.42

85.16

22

20.5

21.24

779.69

3000
4000

-5
5E-5
6.5E-5

1440.29
1604.89

1386.96
1525.65

53.33
79.24

96.3
95.02

20
19

23
24

21.46
21.4

964.63
1064.07

SAMPLE CALCULATION:
From table A-9 (Properties of saturated water):
6

At Tc,in = 30 C.
Vc

= 2000 cm/min = 2000 cm/min 1 min/60 s 1 m/100 cm

=3.333E-5 m/ s

= 996 kg / m

Cpc

= 4178 J/kg.K

At Th,in = 60 C.

= 983.3 kg / m

Cph

= 4185 J/kg.K

a)

Power Emitted

= Vh h Cph ( Th,in Th,out )

= (1.667E-5 m)(983.3 kg / m)(4185 J/kg.K)(333K 320K)
= 891.786 W

b)

Power Absorbed = Vc c Cpc ( Tc,out Tc,in )

= (3.333E-5 m/ s)( 996 kg / m)(4178 J/kg.K)(308K 303K)
= 693.479 W

c)

Power Lost

= Power Emitted Power Absorbed

= 891.786 W 693.479 W
= 198.307 W

d)

Overall Efficiency,

=(Power Absorbed / Power Emitted) 100

= (693.479 W / 891.786 W) 100
= 77.76 %

e)

Logrithmic Mean Temperature Difference, Tm= (T1 T2) / ln (T1/T2)

T1

= Th,in Tc,out
= 60 C - 35 C

= 25 C
T2

= Th,out Tc,in
= 47 C 30 C
= 17 C

Tm

= (T1 T2) / ln (T1/T2)

= (25 C 17 C) / ln [(25 C/17 C)
= 20.74 C

f)

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U = Power Absorbed / As . Tm

U = Power Absorbed / As . Tm
= 693.479 W / (0.067 m20.74 C)
= 499.06 W/ m .C

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Heat exchanger are commonly used in practice, and an engineer often finds
himself or herself in a position to select a heat exchanger that will achieve a specified
temperature change in a fluid stream of known flow rate, or to predict the outlet
temperatures of the hot and cold fluids stream in a specified heat exchanger.
The variation of temperature of hot and cold fluids in a counter-flow heat
exchanger is given in figure 4. Note that the hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger
from opposite ends, and the outlet temperature of the cold fluid in this case may exceed
the outlet temperature of the hot fluid. In the limiting case, the cold fluid will be heated to
the inlet temperature of the hot fluid. However, the outlet temperature of the cold fluid can
never exceed the inlet temperature of the hot fluid, since this would be a violation of the
second law of thermodynamics.

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that the experiment is done successfully. The power emitted
and power absorbed are increased when we compared the effect of changing the
volumetric flow rate of the hot fluid. Besides, the power lost that we get shows decreasing
value unless the last reading give some increased value. This is maybe because of the
error while doing the experiment that may cause by conduction and convection between
hot and cold fluid while doing counter flow operation.

The overall efficiency are

reasonable and doesnt exceed the 100%. From our experiment, the overall heat transfer
coefficient will increase when the volumetric flow rate of the hot fluid are increase. So
that, the conclusion that can be done is the overall heat transfer coefficient, the power
emitted and power absorbed are influenced by the changing of volumetric flow rate of the
hot fluid.
REFERENCE
1. Heat and Mass Transfer (A Practical Approach) 3rd Edition
Yunus A. Cengel
McGraw Hill (2006).
2. Class Note KJM531-Heat Transfer.

10