Nama

: Savannah Yonita C
NIM
: 12521039
Kelas
:A
Kelompok : 7
1. Natural Convection
7. A 40-cm-diameter, 110-cm-high cylindrical hot water tank is located in the bathroom
of a house maintained at 20C. The surface temperature of the tank is measured to be 44C.
Taking the surrounding surface temperature to be also 20C, determine the rate of heat loss
from all surfaces of the tank by natural convection.

Jawab :
Diketahui :
T = 20C

110

40 cm=0,4
m

Tw
= 44C
k
= 0,02603 W/m. C
v
= 1,627x10-5 m2/s
Pr
= 0,7276
Ditanya
: Qtotal = ... ?
Jawab
:
Untuk bagian selimut silinder
Gr=

Tf =
=

g (Tw T ) L3
v2

( Tw +T ) 44 +20
=
=32 C
2
2

1
1
3
=
=3,2787 x 1 0 / K
Tf ( 32+273 ) K

9,8 m
x 3,2787 x 103 /K x ( 4420 ) K x (1,1 m)3
2
s
Gr=
1,627 x 1 05 m2 2
(
)
s
=3877411979
= 3,877x109
Silinder tegak dapat disamakan dengan plat tegak jika
1

3,883 x 109 4

35 x 1,1 m
D=

0,4 m 0.1542

Ra

= Gr x Pr
= 3,877x109 x 0,7276 = 2820905200
= 2,82x109
1/ 3
Untuk kisaran Ra 109-1013 Nu=0,1 xRaL
9 1 /3
L

Nu=0,1 x 2,82 x 10
= 141,28
k
h= Nu
L

h=

A s =DL

0,02603 W /m
x 141,28=3,34 W /m2
1,1 m

=3,14x0,4mx1,1m
=1,382 m2
Q=h A s ( Tw T )
=

3,34 W
x
2
1,382 m2x(44-20)C=110,78W
m

Untuk bagian tutup silinder

Lc =

As
p

D(0,4 m)

35 L
Gr 1 / 4

D /4 D
=
D
4

0,4 m
=0,1m
4

Ra=

g ( TwT ) Lc 3
Pr
v2

9,8 m
3
3
x 3,2787 x 1 0 / K x ( 4420 ) K x(0,1m)
2
s
Ra=
x 0,7276
1,627 x 1 05 m2 2
(
)
s

=2,123x106
1 /4
6 1/ 4
Nu=0,54 Ra =0,54 x (2,123 x 10 ) =20,61
h=

k
Nu
Lc

h=

0,02603 W /m
x 20,61=5,36 W /m2
0,1 m
2

A s = D /4

3,14 x (0,4 m)2

=0,1256 m2
4

Q=h A s ( Tw T )

5,36 W
x 0,1256 m 2 x ( 4420 ) =16,16 W
2
m

Untuk bagian bawah silinder

Nu=0,27 Ra1/ 4=0,27 x( 2,123 x 106)1 / 4=10,31

h=

k
Nu
Lc

h=

0,02603 W /m
x 10,31=2,68W /m2
0,1 m

Q=h A s ( Tw T )

2,68 W
x 0,1256 m2 x ( 4420 ) =8,08 W
2
m

Jadi, Qtotal di seluruh permukaan silinder = Qselimut+Qtutup atas+Qtutup bawah

=110,78W+ 16,16 W + 8,08 W

=135,02 W

2. External Forced Convection

7. Consider a person who is trying to keep cool on a hot summer day by turning a fan on
and exposing his entire body to air flow. The air temperature is 85F and the fan is blowing
air at a velocity of 6 ft/s. If the person is doing light work and generating sensible heat at a
rate of 300 Btu/h, determine the average temperature of the outer surface (skin or clothing)
of the person. The average human body can be treated as a 1-ftdiameter cylinder with an
exposed surface area of 18 ft2. Disregard any heat transfer by radiation. What would your
answer be if the air velocity were doubled?
Jawab :
T = 85F
V = 6 ft/s

D=1 ft

Q
k
v
Pr

= 300 Btu/h
= 0,01529 Btu/h.ft. F
= 0,1809x10-3 m2/s
= 0,7260

VD
v

6 ft
x 1 ft
s

=3,317 x 104
3 2
0,1809 x 10 ft /s

Nu=

hD
k

0,4 2/ 3
)
Pr

1/ 4

0,62 0,5 Pr 1 /3
0,3+

1+(

2/3

0,4
)
0,7260

1/ 4

0,62(3,317 x 10 4)0,5 0,72601 /3

0,3+

1+(

= 107,84
k
h= D Nu
Btu
. ft .
h
x 107,84
1 ft

0,01529

1,65

Btu 2
. ft .
h

Q=h A s ( Ts T )
Ts=T +
85 +

Q
h As

300 Btu /h
=95,10
Btu 2
2
1,65
. ft . x 18 ft
h

Jika kecepatan angin menjadi dua kali lipat, maka 2x6 ft/s = 12 ft/s
VD
=

v
12 ft
x 1 ft
s

=6,633 x 104
3 2
0,1809 x 10 ft /s

Nu=

hD
k

0,4 2/ 3
)
Pr

1/ 4

0,62 0,5 Pr 1 /3
0,3+

1+(

2 /3

0,4
)
0,7260

1/4

0,62(6,633 x 104 )0,5 0,72601 /3

0,3+

1+(

= 165,95
k
h= D Nu
Btu
. ft .
h
Btu 2
x 165,95=2,537
. ft .
1 ft
h

0,01529

Q=h A s ( Ts T )
Ts=T +
85 +

Q
h As

300 Btu /h
=91,6
Btu 2
2
2,537
. ft . x 18 ft
h

Jadi, jika kecepatan dinaikkan menjadi dua kali lipat, suhu luar badan manusia
menjadi 91,6

3. Internal Forced Convection

7. Water is to be heated from 20C to 85C as it flows through a 3-cm-internaldiameter, 9 m-long tube. The tube is equipped with an electric resistance heater,
which provides uniform heating throughout the surface of the tube. The outer surface of
the heater is well insulated, so that in steady operation all the heat generated in the heater
is transferred to the water in the tube. If the system is to provide hot water at a rate of 8.5
L/min, determine the power rating of the resistance heater. Also, estimate the inner surface
temperature of the pipe at the exit.
Answer
Dik :
Tb=

(Ti +Te) 20+ 85

=
=52,50 C
2
2

= 992,1 kg/m3

= 0,631 W/m.0C

= / = 0,658 x 10-6 m2/s

Cp = 4179 J/kg.0C
Pr = 4,32
Dit :

a. Q= ?
b. Ts =..?
Jawaban :
a.) Ac = D2 = (0,03 m)2 = 7,065 x 10-4m2
As = pL= D L = (0,03 m) (9 m) = 08478 m2

Jikadiketahui V = 8,5 L/min = 0.0085 m3/min

m=
x V = (992,1 kg/m3) (0.0085 m3/min) = 8,4329 kg/min = 0,1405 kg/s

Cp ( Te Ti )
Q
= m

b.)

= (0,1405 kg/s) (4,179 kJ/kg.0C) (85 20) 0C

= 38,16 kJ/s
= 38,16 kW
qs
q s
= h (Ts Tm)
Ts = Tm + h

q s = Q
/ As = 38,16 kW/ 0,8478 m2 = 45,01 kW/m2

v
Ac

m =

V mxD
v

Re =

0,0085 m3
=
12,03 m/min = 0,2005 m/s
7,065 x 104 m2

(0,2005 ms )(0,03 m) =
6

0,658 x 10 m / s

9141,34

Nu = ( h D) / k = 0,023 Re0,8 Pr0,4 = 0,023 ( 9141,34)0,8 (4,34)0,4 = 61,03

Kemudian,
h=

k
o
2 o
D Nu = (0,631 W/m. C) (61,03) / (0,03 m) = 1283,66 W/m . C

sehingga
Ts = Tm + (
120 oC

q s

/ h ) = 85oC + [ (45010 W/m2) / (1283,66 W/m2.oC) ] = 120,06 oC