LECCION 1

Hablaremos de :

- Nouns / Subjects / adjectives / verbs / adverbs / complement / modifiers

Nouns : (sustantivos)
Names a person, place, thing or idea (Nombra a una persona, lugar, cosa, o idea)
Examples: John, love, world, picture, Madrid
Subject: (Sujeto)
It is the person, place, thing or idea (a noun) that does the action of a sentence and it
goes before the verb. (Es el sustantivo que realiza la accion de la oracion)
Examples of Subjects:

- George likes boats (George and boats are nouns but George is the subject)
- The weather was horrible yesterday.
- The bank closed early.
Verb (verbo)
It shows the action of the subject. Every sentence must have a verb. (Hace la accin
del sujeto y toda oracion necesita de un verbo)
Examples:

- My wife went to France.

- We have studied English all night.
- I am writing a letter.
- She works for IBM company.

Adjective (adjetivo): Describes a noun (califica a un sustantivo) - Examples : Blue

house , old man, interesting book, pretty woman etc

Adverb (adverbio): Describes the verb or adjective. (califica al verbo o adjetivo)

Examples: He walks slowly / He studies quietly (muchas veces acaba en -ly)

Complement:
It completes the verb and it is usually a noun or noun phrase. Every sentence does not
require a complement. The complement answers the question what? or whom? (Es el
complemento del verbo y no es requerido tenerlo en toda oracin).

Modifiers: Tells about the time, place or manner of the action. (Hable del tiempo,
lugar y manera de accion del verbo)

Subject

Verb

Complement

Modifier

John and I

ate

a pizza

last week

We

studied

english

last night

LECCION 2

Curso de ingls gratis Leccin 2 (Curso Bsico)

Today we will talk about PRONOUNS and the verb (to be). It is important to understand
perfectly these topics because it will help us in the future to understand other more complex
structures.
Gracias por su visita y espero esta pagina siga creciendo. En esta clase hablaremos de los
pronombres de sujeto y el verbo to be. Esto es fundamental puesto que nos ayudara a
comprender mas adelante estructuras mas avanzadas. A continuacin la clase:Pronouns :
Singular: I , You, He, She It
Plural: We you they
Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are
Table # 1 (Positive form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions

Subject
Pronouns

Verb

Contraction

(To be)

1St

am

Im

2nd

you

are

youre

3rd

He/She/It

Is

hes / shes / its

PLURAL

1st

We

2nd

You

are

were

you re

3rd

They

theyre

Table 2 : (Negative form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its
Contractions

Subject
Pronouns

Verb

Contraction

(To be)

1St

am +
not

Im not

2nd

you

are +
not

youre not / you arent

3rd

He/She/It

is + not

hes / shes / its + not

or
he/she/it + isnt

PLURAL

1st

We

2nd

You

Are
+not

were not / we arent

you re not / you arent

3rd

They

theyre not / they arent

Table # 3 (Questions)

Verb (to
be)

Subject
Pronoun

Complement
(optional)

1St

Am

a good student?

2nd

Are

you

married?

3rd

Is

he/she/it

your friend?

PLURAL

1st

Are

we

ready?

2nd

you

at home

3rd

they

tired?

Table 4: Short answers (Yes and no answers)

Positive

Negative

1St

Yes, I am

2nd Yes, you are

3rd

Yes, he is

No. Im not

No, you arent

No, he isnt / No, hes not

No, she isnt / No, shes not
No, it isnt/ No, its not

PLURAL

1st

Yes, we are

No, were not / No, we arent

2nd Yes, you are

No, youre not / No, you arent

3rd

No, theyre not / No, they arent

Yes, they
are

Observaciones:

Recuerden que en ingles siempre deben poner el Sujeto. En una oracin positiva o
negativa debern seguir la formula (SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT) en
donde el complement es opcional.

Ejemplo :
- Es bonita
- Is pretty (INCORRECTO) > No hay sujeto y en el ingles es necesario
- She is pretty (Correcto)

No se enamoren del verbo to be. Solo quiere decir ser o estar. Algunos creen que
siempre lo deben poner pero depende de que accin haga el sujeto.

Ejemplo
- Juega futbol.
- He is play futbol (ERROR) > el sujeto no hace 2 acciones a la vez.
- He plays football (CORRECTO)
Es decir, el sujeto puede hacer distintas acciones y el verbo to be solo es para expresar
acciones de ser o estar. En otras lecciones aprenderemos como hacer oraciones con otros
verbos
Algunos ejercicios de Grammar in Use Basic

Respuestas (Thanks to Dinorn from Mxico)

*Ejercicios de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University Press

LECCION 3

LECCION 3: Verb to be with question words:

In this class we will talk about question words and how we can use them with the verb to be
in the present tense.
En esta clase vamos a hablar de los questions words y de como podemos usarlos
correctamente con los verbos to be
Question words are those words that may go in the beginning of a question. When we use
question words we do not use a yes or no answer.
Los questions words son las palabras especficas que se deben colocar al inicio de la frase
pregunta en ingls. Cuando se utilizan estos no se responde con las respuestas cortas si o no
(Yes, I am por ejemplo) Se responde con una oracin completa ( S+V+C).
Ejemplo :
Whats your name?
Im David Taylor. (The answer is a sentence)

With no question word:

Are you Maria?
No, Im not (The answer is a yes/no because there isnt a question word)
Question words are used to gather specific information. The following table shows the
meaning of the question words in Spanish.
Table # 1 Question words (verb to be practice)

English

Spanish

Where

Donde

Why

Por que

Who

Quien

What / (time)

Que / Cual (a que

hora)

Which

Que / Cual

How long

Por cuanto tiempo /

para medidas

How often

Con que frecuencia

Whose

De quien

How many/much

Cuantos

How old

Edad

How

Como

How + adjetivo

Descripciones

How come

Como asi

Table # 2 (Question structure of the verb to be in the present simple with QWs)
Question Word

Verb (to be)

Subject

Complement

What

is

(your) name?

[no complement]

How old

are

you?

[no complement]

Where

is

Juan

from?

Who

is

(the) present

for?

Remember:
In questions with the verb to be, only the question words can go in the beginning. Nothing
may go in front of the question words in full questions.
De donde eres? -> Lo lgico seria : From where are you? (INCORRECTO)
Recuerden que si algo va en su idioma antes del QW entonces lo mandamos al final en el
complemento.
Correcto: Where are you from? (QW goes first)
Typical questions with the above properties:
What is this for? (Para que es esto?)
Who are the books for ? (Para quien son los libros?)
What is the movie about? (De que se trata la pelcula?)
Preguntas importantes con sus respuestas para aprender:
Where are you from? Im from Australia
Whats (what + is) your address? Its 876 Snow Road.
Whats your nationality? Im Peruvian.
Whose pencil is this? It is my pencil (Whose = de quien y va antes del sustantivo)
How old is Marcus? Hes twenty years old.
Why are you sad? Because I am sick.
How are you? Im fine, thank you.
Ejercicios Gracias a Basic Grammar in use:

_________________________________________________________________________
__________________

THANK YOU DINORN DE MXICO!!!

*Ejercicios y figuras de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University Press

LECCION 4

Gracias por visitar InglesTotal y por el apoyo a nuestro nuevo portal para estudiar ingles
gratis. En esta clase hablaremos de los Demonstratives (This, that, these y those) y como
estos pueden ser adjetivos o pronombres. Tambin hablaremos de el articulo a/an y de
como formar plurales en cuanto a los sustantivos.
1) Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives:
Singular

Plural

Distance

This

These

Close to the
speaker

That

Those

Far from the

speaker

Demonstrative Pronouns: substitute nouns that are understood in context and

indicate if they are replacing singular or plural nouns and give the location of the
object.

Examples:
Whats that? (that se refiere a algo en singular y que se encuentra alejado de la persona)
- That is a book. (That es el sujeto pues va antes del verbo to be)
En estos casos son Demonstrative Pronouns pues renombran a un sustantivo (noun)

Demonstrative Adjectives: these describe nouns and there position. In this case,
you need to put a noun after the demonstrative adjectives.

Examples:
Whose is this umbrella? (el sustantivo es umbrella y this esta describiendo la
localizacin)
- That umbrella is Juans. (De igual forma that describa la localizacion de el paragua
pero umbrella es el sujeto y sustantivo)
En ingles es mas simple que en espaol asi que recomiendo aprender la estructura sin
necesidad de traducir pues en espanol hay mas reglas.
2) Article (a/an)

Como vemos a/an se utiliza para decir un pero a va antes de consonantes y an antes
de vocales o sonidos de vocales. (En pre-intermedio veremos las reglas de cuando usar
a/an)
Ejemplos
Whats that? This is my book What are those? These are cookies.
Whats this? Thats your pen What are these? Those are guitars.
Whats that? Its a book. What are those? They are computers.
* Tambien se puede usar para personas:
Whos that? Thats Joe.
Who are those? They are my friends (Those are my friends)
Ejercicios:

3) How to make plural nouns (como formar la forma plural de los sustantivos)

Es cuestion de practicar y de seguir las reglas. En cuanto a las formas irregulares, se les
llama asi pues no hay regla para formar el plural.
Ejercicios / Exercises

*Ejercicios y figuras de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University Press

LECCION 5

En esta clase vamos a discutir acerca de la forma possesiva de los sustantivos y a como usar
correctamente los possessive adjectives
I) POSSESSIVE NOUNS
In this class we will discuss about how to form the possessive form for nouns and how to
use the possessive adjectives correctly.
To form the possessive for a noun we must add to the noun an apostrophe () and then the
letter s.
Examples of regular nouns:
The boys name. (El nombre del chico) - The boys toys. (los juguetes de los chicos)
The girls pen. (el lapicero de la chica) -The girls pen. (el lapicero de las chicas)
Example of irregular nouns:
The mans car is in the garage. (el carro del hombre esta en el garaje) The mens cars
are in the garage. ( los carros de los hombre estan en el garaje)
* Como ven, en los sustantivos regulares tienen que saber donde poner el apostrophe ()
para dejar el claro si es possesin de singular y plural > boys (singular) boys (plural).
En los irregulares es mas simple por que simplemente se agrega el apostrophe mas la
letra s.
> mans (singular) mens (plural) , childs childrens etc.

FIGURA # 1

Possessive nouns with names:

With names we add the apostrophe plus the letter s before the noun or nouns that we want
to show possession.
Examples:
Juans brother is sick. (El hermano de Juan esta enfermo)
Miguels house is very far. (La casa de Miguel esta muy lejos)
Carlos girlfriend is at the party. (La novia de Carlos esta en una fiesta)
* Noten que con nombres que acaben con s no se le agrega otra s sino
simplemente el apostrophe ().
OBSERVATIONS:
We normally use (s) for people.
- I went (fui) to my brothers house. (NOT the house of my brother)
- This is my moms sister.
We use of for things, places etc
- What is the name of the movie.
- Lima is the capital of Peru.
________________________________________________________________
II) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Figura # 2

We can use the possessive adjectives BEFORE the nouns to show possession.
> This is my BOOK. Thats her pencil. (Possessive adjectives need to be followed by a
noun)
* En conclusin podemos utilizar los possessive nouns o los possesseive pronouns pero estos tienen que
ser seguidos por un sustantivo. Los possessive pronouns son usados para especificar. En cambio, los
possessive adjectives son usados cuando ya se sabe de quien estamos hablando.

Figura # 3

* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice

(LONGMAN)

LECCION 6

Curso de ingls gratis Leccin 6 (Curso Bsico) There is and There are
In this lesson we will talk about there + the verb to be in the present simple. (Vamos a
hablar del verbo haber en el presente indicativo)
Structure and Use (there is/are)
There are and there is are forms used to express existence of. The structure is:
There + verb to be (is for SINGULAR nouns ; are for PLURAL nouns)
Examples:
- There is a guitar in my room. (A guitar exists in my room)
- There are two chairs in my room. (Two chairs exist in my room)
The following chart is the forms of there is/are in positive (+), negative (-), and questions
(?)

Singular

Plural

(+) There is a {chair,

book, man}

There are [some] {chairs,

books, men}

(-) There isnt a {laptop,

bathroom}

There arent [any] {laptops,

bathrooms}

(?) Is there a {problem,

shirt}

Are there [any] {problems,

shirts}

NOTES:
This table is only for COUNTABLE NOUNS. In the future we will talk about uncountable
nouns. For this level when you use there is use the article a. In the plural there are
you can use some for positive and any for negative and questions (some/any) is
optional.
Nota: Estas reglas son para los sustantivos contables (aquellos que se pueden contar o
poner en singular y plural). Por ejemplo chair es contable porque uno puede decir
chairs. Un ejemplo de no contable es water o rice.
Some more examples:
FIGURA # 1

Problems with there is/are

- Be careful when you translate from Spanish into English. Remember, follow the Structure
in English.
Problemas con there is/are
Esta es una de las primeras veces en que vemos que tenemos que tener cuidado en traducir
ya que las estructuras del Espaol u otro idioma pueden ser distintas. En este caso
SIGUAN LA ESTRUCTURA DE INGLES.
Un ejemplo:
Como se dice: Hay algn restaurante cerca de aqu?
ERROR: Is there any restaurant near here?
Es un error pues restaurant es singular pero any va con plural.
Correct:
-Is there a restaurant near here?
- Are there any restaurants near here?
El problema es que ustedes quieren decir algn pero en ingles algn o algunos es
some/any pero se usa solo en PLURAL. As que por favor cuando traduzcan hganlo
pero siempre teniendo en cuenta la estructura correcta. ESTO ES, EMPECEMOS A
PENSAR EN INGLES. No es necesario traducir aunque es inevitable pero es un paso que
se da despus de saber y respetar las estructuras de el Ingles.
Exercise/ Ejercicios de there is y there are

Completar: Recuerden There is (a) -> singular, There are -> Plural (se puede usar
some/any)

Observaciones:

Respuestas cortas

Is there a TV in your room?

(+) Yes, there is .(-) No, there isnt.
Are there (any) books?
(+) Yes, there are. (-) No, there arent.

There tambin es usado para decir all.

Ejemplo : My brother is (over) there. (Mi hermano esta all) Over es opcional. En este
post solo estamos estudiando el there + to be pero recuerden que tiene otros significados.

LECCION 7

Curso de ingles gratis con audio Grammar LESSON 7( LECCION7 GRAMATICA)

Basic Level : The Imperative pattern (form)
In this lesson we will talk about how to give commands and orders and to use please with
the imperative.
The Imperative pattern
It is used to give instructions, commands and orders. It is a very simple structure because
we do not need to use the subject. The sentence is started with the verb or verb phrase and
dont is used for the negative form.
Positive form:
Verb: Example: (to write / to ask / to read / to bring / to take / to give / to be)
(+) Write your name on the sheet. {There isnt any subject because it is an order)
(+) Read chapter 5 for tomorrow.
(+) Be quiet!
Negative form:
To use the negative form add the word dont before the infinitive without to
(-) Dont write on the table.
(-) Dont read that book.
(-) Dont bring food to the class.
Example: (figure # 1)

NOTE:
* We can use the word please to make a request or petition. We put it at the beginning or
end of the imperative sentence (positive or negative).

Use a comma if please is at the end of a request. Dont use a comma if please is at the
beginning of a request.
Examples:
(+) Please be quiet.
(-) Dont make noise, please.
(+) Bring me my sweater, please.
Apuntes del Profesor:
Como vemos, es una estructura simple pero es una buena forma de empezar a ver otros
verbos adems del verbo to be. Recuerden de que tienen que empezar a pensar en ingles as
que cuando requieren dar una orden, instruccin o peticin (con please) pueden utilizar la
forma imperativa afirmativa o negativa. Si no saben el verbo basta con buscarlo en el
diccionario y simplemente ponen la forma infinitiva sin el to antes.
Ejemplo:
No saben como decir No saltes Vas al diccionario y buscas y encuentras que saltar viene
del infinitivo to jump. Por ende se dice Dont jump
Practice with the verbs and pictures (Figure # 2)

EXERCISES:
Complete the sentences using the imperatives (positive or negative). Look at the pictures
for help.

*Gracias a Basic grammar in use Copyright por las figuras y al libro Grammar Practice
por los ejercicios.

LECCION 8

CURSO GRATUITO DE INGLES CON AUDIO Leccin 8 GRAMATICA Grammar

(the present continuous tense)
In this lesson we will cover the present continuous tense (the use and structure). Recuerden
de votar por InglesTotal AQUI (bajo EDUCACION)

The Present Continuous or present progressive tense

Structure: S + verb to be (AM/IS/ARE) + -ing form of a verb+ Complement.

Use: To describe actions that are happening at the moment (NOW).

La estructura consta del uso del verbo mas el gerundio. se usa para describir acciones
que suceden en el momento. Se usa para explicar lo que uno esta haciendo ahora.
I) The positive form of the present continuous.
- Remember to use the Subject (this can be a subject pronoun or a noun -LESSON 1 Click
AQUI) plus (+) the verb to be in the present tense (am/is/are) and complement (optional).
The following is the table of the positive form of the present continuous / progressive.
Table #1

ositive Form

Common mistakes:
- Students forget to use the verb to be
Example:
a) My father working (INCORRECT) > My father IS working. (Correct)
- Sometimes students do not use the -ing form.

b) Robert is play with my sister (INCORRECT) > Robert is playING with my sister.
(CORRECT)
Recuerden de no omitir el sujeto. En espaol Esta comiendo esta usando un sujeto
tcito. En ingles siempre debemos decir quien hace la accin (salvo en el imperativo)
Entonces en esta comiendo el sujeto puede ser el, ella, o ello. En ingles seria He/she
/it is eating dependiendo del contexto.
II) The negative form of the present continuous
The negative form is used by adding not after the verb to be in the present tense form.
You may use contractions.
Table # 2:The negative form.

Common mistakes:
-Some students place the negative first. REMEMBER TO USE THE S+V+C !!!
a) Not working my father (INCORRECT) > My father isnt (is + not) working
(CORRECT)
- Students use the dont/doesnt to do the negative:
b) She doesnt playing (INCORRECT) > She isnt playing (CORRECT)
III) The question form of the present continuous.
We have to put the verb to be + the subject + -ing form + the complement.

Are you watching TV?

Remember that we can use the Question words before the structure:
Examples:
- What are you doing? Answer: I am studying English with my virtual teacher.

- Where is Pedro going? Answer: He is going to the shopping mall.

Table # 3: Question form

Common mistakes:
- Students do not change the order of the verb to be with the subject:
a) He is working? (INCORRECT) > Is he working? (CORRECT)
- Students use do or does in questions:
b) Do you studying? (INCORRECT) > Are you studying? (CORRECT)
IV) Lets practice ! (Ejercicios de practica)

V) Exercises (ejercicos) TAREA HOMEWORK:

* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice

(LONGMAN)

LECCION 9

Curso de INGLES fratis con audio Leccin 9 (grammar)

En esta leccin veremos como utilizar la preposicin en (on, in, at) en el idioma ingles.
Recuerden de participar con sus comentarios, email o manden un archivo mp3.
Preposition of place (at, on, in)

Part 1: Uses of at, in, and on

In: We use in to specify that a noun (object, person etc) is inside.

Figura #1:
Examples:
- Where is your father? Hes in the kitchen.
- Who is in the room?
- Brian was swimming in the ocean.
- Bogota is in Colombia.
* IN es usado para decir y explicar que un objeto, animal o persona se encuentra dentro
de un lugar, objeto o sitio.

At: We use at to refer to a general location.

Figura # 2
Examples:
- Maria is at the window talking on the phone.
- Juan is at the table with his girlfriend.

- Please read the paragraph at the top of the page.

- The restaurant is at the end of German Avenue.
*AT: es usado para explicar que un objeto animal o persona se encuentra en el sitio de
forma general. Es decir, si uno quiere decir: Mi padre esta en la puerta uno no puede
utilizar in puesto que in es usado para decir que algo se encuentra dentro de otro y una
persona no puede estar dentro de una puerta. Es por eso que en estos casos uno habla de
forma general. Por ende seria de la forma siguiente: My father is at the door.

On: We use on when we want to say that an object or person is on the

surface of another object.

Figura #3:

Examples:
- Your books are on the shelf.
- Dont put your hands on my head.
- There is an orange on the table.
We always say : on a horse, on a bike (bicycle) , on a motorcycle and we usually say on a
plane.
*ON:Es usado para explicar que un objeto esta sobre la superficie de otro.
Lets Practice !!! (Part 1)

Figura 4:

Part 2 rules to use (at, in, on)

- Reglas para usar (at, in, on). En los siguientes cuadros vemos frases comunes que van con
at, in y on.

Lets Practice !!! Figure 5:

Homework Tarea

Parte 1: Uso de (in on at) Write the correct preposition (on in at)

Parte 2: Reglas (in on at) Write the correct preposition (on in at)

* Gracias al libro Grammar in use Basic level por los ejercicios y figuras

LECCION 10

Welcome to lesson 10a (1st of two parts) where we will talk about the present simple tense
with other verbs that are not the verb to be. We are going to look at the structure and the use
of the simple present tense.The present simple tense (with verbs that are not TO BE)

Structure / form:

The forms (or conjugations) of the present simple tense are two. Remember that with the
verb to be there are three forms (am, is, are). To form the present simple conjugations we
first need to have the verb. In this example we will use the verb to play.
Verb to play
One conjugation is formed by eliminating the to > play
The other conjugation is formed by adding s or es. >plays
So you can now form the conjugations of any verb in the present simple!
- to work: work / works
- to study: study / studies
- to watch : watch / watches
- to bring : bring / brings
- to get : get / gets
- to dance: dance / dances
Note : With the verb to have the conjugations are > have / has (NOT haves)

Now we learned to conjugate and form the verbs. Lets learn what pronouns go with the
correct form.
He / she / it > with the s form (plays)
I / you / we / you / they -> normal form without the to (play)
*Como vemos, en el present simple existen solo dos conjugaciones con los
verbos que no son to be (con los to be son tres conjugaciones : am, is, are).
Estas dos conjugaciones son formadas muy fcilmente. Una es formada con
solo quitarl
e el to (play) y la otra forma es agregndole la letra s o es. Cuando
comparamos con el espaol vemos que esto es mas sencillo puesto que con el
verbo jugar las conjugaciones son: juego, ju
egas, juega, jugamos, jugis, y juegan. Entonces si hablan el espaol el ingles
vanlo como algo mas simple y sencillo.

Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense

Use (uso del presente simple)

Now that we know the structure/form it is IMPORTANT to understand when we use the
simple present. This will help us talk and participate in conversations. Without knowing the
use, we will have problems expressing ourselves.
We use present simple in the following situations:
- To express habits and routines.
Juan plays football on Saturday.
I go to work everyday at 8:00 am.
- General, mathematical and scientific truths:
English people drink a lot of tea
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
NOTE: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS NOT USED TO DESCRIBE
SITUATIONS THAT ARE HAPPENNING AT THE MOMENT (NOW)
**La forma y estructura es importante pero es indispensable saber el uso. Es decir, tenemos
que entender cuando y en que situaciones utilizamos el simple present tense. Estas es la
nica forma de empezar a pensar en ingles. Cuantas veces me encuentro con alumnos que
saben rellenar un examen pero no saben hablar. Esto es porque no prestan atencin al uso.

El uso les permitir usar el tiempo correcto en la situacin correcta y les ayudara a tener
conversaciones fluidas. Olvdense de traducciones antes de hablar ingles. Esto les traer
problemas y les har hablar lento. Simplemente piensen y practiquen el uso de los tiempos.
Como vemos usamos el tiempo present simple cuando queremos expresar, rutinas, hbitos,
y verdades generales, matemticas cientficas. NO SE UTILIZA EL PRESENT SIMPLE
PARA EXPRESAR UNA ACCION QUE ESTA SUCEDIENDO EN EL MOMENTO:
Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense
Common errors:
Remember that when we use other verbs we DO NOT use the verb to be:
- Im have two sisters (INCORRECT) I have two sisters (Correct)
- She is plays in the park (INCORRECT) She plays in the park (Correct)
*Recuerden de no usar el verbo to be cuando quieran expresar otra accin. I
va con am solo cuando ustedes quieran decir estoy o soy. SI quieren decir: Yo
juego, no es posible decir I am play puesto que estn diciendo que yo
soy/estoy jugar.

Figure # 2: Lets practice

Figure # 3 (Look at the pictures and practice)

HOMEWORK

* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice

(LONGMAN)

LECCION 10b

Este es la segunda parte de la leccin 10 que es llamada leccin 10b. En la primera leccin
(10a) vimos la forma positiva de los verbos que no son to be y aprendimos como
conjugarlos. Ahora veremos y estudiaremos juntos la forma negativa y de pregunta.

The Simple Present tense

Negative form

The structure of the negative structure is formed by adding the auxiliaries do or does plus
the negation not
Do + not > dont
Does + not > doesnt
These auxiliaries are used TO HELP you. When you use the auxiliary the verb is always in
its simple.
Remember:
In positive we had 2 conjugations for every verb (not to be)
- play/plays , work/works, study/studies, watch/watches, etc
The conjugation is simple: HE / SHE / IT - with the s form and I / WE / YOU / THEY
- simple form

Examples:
My brother works for IBM.
My parents live in Paris.
IN THE NEGATIVE FORM THE AUXILIARY CHANGES FORM AND NOT THE
VERB.
He / she / it + doesnt + verb (simple form)
I / We / You / They + dont + verb (simple form)
Figura #1:

Lets Practice
Nota del profesor:Como vemos, lo que se conjuga en la forma negativa es el auxiliar y no el
verbo. Es decir, uno va elejir entre dont y el doesnt pero el verbo SIEMPRE estara en su
forma simple (sin la terminacin s)

Question form
The question structure is formed by following the following structure
Question word + [do / does + SUBJECT + Verb (simple form)] + Complement
We use the auxiliaries do and does in the question form and they have to agree with the
subject
The conjugation is the following:
Does > he/she/it
Do -> I/we/you/they
The verb ALWAYS stays in the simple form (not with the s form)
Short Answers

Las respuestas cortas son con los auxiliares do y does con la forma positiva y dont y
doesnt con la forma negativa. La respuesta corta se refiere a cuando responde solo si o no.
Do you study English for free in InglesTotal? -> Yes, I do

Yes, (I, you, we, you, they) do. No, ( (I, you, we, you, they) dont.
Yes, (he,she,it does)- No, (he,she,it )doesnt

Figura #2

Figura #3

Lets Practice

Conclusion:

The auxiliaries appear in the negative and question form with the verbs that are not to be.
Example:
(+) Juan plays soccer.
(-) He doesnt play soccer.
(?) Does he play soccer?
*VERB TO BE (NO AUXILIARIES!!!)
(+) She is a teacher
(-) She isnt a teacher.
(?) Is she a teacher?
Nota: Recuerden que cuando usen el verbo to be (es decir cualquier conjugacion de ser o
estar en el presente) no se usan los auxiliares puesto que estos se usan solo con los demas
verbos y en negativo y en pregunta)

Tarea / Homework
I) Cambie las oraciones de formpositiva a forma negativa

II) Escriba la forma de pregintas de las siguientes oraciones

III) Llene los vacios con la forma correcta de los auxiliares.

* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar practice

(LONGMAN)