Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Guided by:
Dr. Ariskha Devadiga. (Reader)
Dr. Sahana Hegde-Shetiya. (Prof & Head)
Dr. Deepti Agarwal. (Senior Lecturer)
Dr. Amit Mahuli. (Senior Lecturer)
Dr. Simpy Mahuli. (Senior Lecturer)
DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETHS DR. D.Y. PATIL DENTAL COLLEGE, PIMPRI, PUNE 411018.
INTRODUCTION
E-CIGARETTE KIT
CHARGER
BATTERY
CARTRIDGE
ATOMIZER
E-CIGARETTE
E-CIGARETTE CHARGERS
E-CIGARETTE CARTRIDGES
SCHEDULING
The study was conducted from May 2012 to October 2012. On an
average 2-3 subjects were administered the questionnaire every
week.
The time taken to fill the questionnaire was approximately 10-15
minutes.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Snow ball sampling technique was adopted as there was no data
regarding the prevalence of e-cigarette users in Pune city.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Participants who are current users of electronic cigarettes willing
to participate in the study.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Subjects using e-cigarettes not willing to participate in the study.
Development Of A Questionnaire
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Electronic
cigarette users
Knowledge
Types of e-cigarette
ill effects of e-cigarette
Policies on sale of ecigarette
Economic impact
Nicotine alternatives
Passive smoking
Attitude
Passive smoking
Socio cultural
background
Media
Public places
Peer pressure
Practice
Patterns & Types
Reasons of use
VALIDITY
Face validity:
Was done by 8 SMEs (Subject matter experts). The framework of
the questionnaire was acceptable in matter of looks, length,
language etc.
Content validity:
Questions 1 to 12 & 14 to 24 had a content validity ratio [CVR]
of 1 While for question 13 of 0.25.
Interpretation of CVR: -1.0 and 1.0. (essential / non-essential).
The questionnaire was reduced from 24 items to 23 items.
RELIABILTY
We used the The test-retest method of reliability.
The interval between the administrations i.e. test to re-test was 12
days and 5 participants took part in the test - retest reliability.
Cronbach's Alpha for the test-retest reliability was 1.
PREPARATION OF ANALYSIS
The responses to questionnaires were summarized and this was
accomplished by converting the written information into representative
numbers (codes). The coding system (code book) was considered when
the questionnaire was being developed.
This strategy not only simplified but also speeded up the transfer and
use of codes for analysis and also reduced the risk of errors. This book
was the official record of the codes and the answers they represented for
all the questions. The code book was continually updated and expanded
during the natural evolution of the study.
PRE-TESTING
The dress rehearsal of the study. The number of pre-test trials to
be conducted could not be decided in advance. Instead the pre-test
was repeated with new subjects until the researcher was satisfied.
Therefore, the decision on the sample size was subjective and was
influenced by the availability of subjects.
There were 8 participants in the pre-testing. (Feasibility)
CONSENT
INFORMED CONSENT:
A written informed consent from each participant was obtained
after they agreed to participate in the study.
RESULTS
26.90
STD. DEVIATION
MINIMUM
24 PUNE CITY
MAXIMUM
32
OCCUPATION
FREQUENC
PERCENTAGE
(%)
48
71.6
FEMALES (2)
19
28.4
TOTAL
67
100
GENDER
MALES (1)
PROFESSION (1)
FREQUEN
PERCENTAGE
CY
(%)
67
100.0
67
100
(IT INDUSTRY)
TOTAL
MEAN INCOME
28873
(RUPEES.)
EDUCATION
PROFESSION OR HONOURS (1)
GRADUATE OR POST GRADUATE (2)
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE (%)
STD.
56
83.6
11
16.4
67
100.0
TOTAL
7621
DEVIATION
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
19000
42000
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF
E-CIGARETTE USERS IN PUNE CITY
RESPONSES (%)
QUESTIONS
1. Which kind of e-cigarette do you know about? E-cigarette containing nicotine = 46.3
Nicotine-free E-cigarette = 53.7
2. Which according to you is less harmful?
No = 41.8
Yes = 38.8
No = 61.2
Yes = 58.2
cigarettes?
No = 41.8
Yes = 100.
9. Are you aware that passive smoking by e-cig causes any adverse
No = 100.
10. Are your companions more receptive of e-cig smoke when Yes = 100.
compared to conventional smoke?
11. If i use
12. E-
13. E-
14. E-
15. I want to
11-15
e-cigarette
cigarettes
cigarette
cigarette
quit e-
i will gain
should be
gives me
relieves
cigarette
superiority banned in
pleasure
stress after
use.
during its
its usage.
among my
India.
usage.
friends.
Percentages (%)
Codes
100
65.7
65.7
88.1
49.3
Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Agree
Disagree
QUESTIONS
16. What is the frequency of e-cigarette usage? (avg.no of <2 = 58.2
cartridges/day)
3-5 = 41.8
Yes = 16.4
respiration?
No = 83.6
Yes = 71.6
No = 28.4
Yes = 65.7
No = 34.3
Yes = 100.
Glycerol
Nicotine
Di-ethylene glycol
Glycerol
Di-ethylene glycol
Nicotine
Glycerol
Molecular weight
cartridges:
detected:
A. Local E-cigarette
161.0406 /163.0551.
Nicotine.
130.9344
Glycerol.
98.9197
Di-ethylene glycol.
Glycerol.
(Nicotine free)
Di-ethylene glycol.
102.0740
Nicotine.
(nicotine)
Glycerol.
130.9796
CONCLUSION
The study showed that more than half knew about the ill-effects of nicotine and all of
them were willing to quit smoking and join a tobacco cessation programme but
similar attitude was not reflected towards use of e-cigarettes as half of them did not
want to quit e-cigarette smoking nor did they want it to be banned in India. The
probable reasons could be that e-cigarettes gave them a sense of superiority amongst
their peers, acted as a stress reliever and provided pleasure on vaping.
The chemical analysis of the local brand (A) showed presence of nicotine when they are
marketed as a nicotine free product while the branded samples (B) and (C) followed
product regulation as nicotine free and nicotine containing e-cigarettes.
LIST OF REFERENCES
9. Homepage:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/india.htm
10. Homepage: http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/chi/chi24-4-pktguide.pdf
11. Doll, R.; Peto, R.; Boreham, J.; Sutherland, I. (2004). "Mortality in relation to
smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors". BMJ (Clinical research
ed.) 328 (7455): 1519. DOI:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE. PMC 437139. PMID
15213107. edit
12. "Smoking While Pregnant Causes Finger, Toe Deformities". Science Daily.
Retrieved March 6, 2007.
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563-575.
26. Sudman S, Bradbur NM: Asking Questions, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1983: 282.
27. Ferber R, Verdoorn PJ: Research Methods in Economics and Business, Macmillan, New York,
1962.
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Ill, 1977.
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