REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

RC444 Homework 4 - Concrete beam design

A simply supported beam has a 20-ft span and carries a uniform dead load of 600 lb/ft
and a concentrated live load of 9 kips. Design the beam if b = 12 in. fc = 4 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi. (Beam self-weight is not included in the dead load so you need to estimate it.)

The beam will be designed to handle additional 10% of the weight for a dead load.

w  1.4 0.6 k/ft  0.06 k/ft   0.924 k/ft

P  1.7  9 k   15.3 k

The shear and bending moment diagram is

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 1
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

Maximum moment is Mu=122.7 k-ft and maximum shear Vu= 16.89 k

Find the value for  for the beam. Assume 0.5max

  
 0.85 f c  1  87 
 max  0.75  
 fy  87  f
  c 
 0.85 *  4 ksi  0.85  87 
 0.75    0.02138
  
 60 ksi  87  60 

The magnitude of = 0.5max = 0.5(0.02138) = 0.1069

fy  60 ksi 
w   0.01069   0.16035
 
fc  4 ksi 
Ru  f c w1  0.59 w    4 ksi  0.16035  1  0.59 0.16035    0.5807 ksi

The dimensions of the beam are:

Mu 122.7 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   2817.3 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 0.5807 ksi
 2535.5 in 3 
d2     234.8 in 2  d  15.3 in  Use d  15.5 in.
 
 12 in 
Compute the dead load for the beam h = 15.5 in + 2.5 in. = 18 in.

  1 ft    
w  bh  12 in.  18 in  1 ft   * 0.150 k/ft 3  0.225 k/ft
     
  12 in    12 in  

Redesign weight DL = 1.4(0.6 k/ft +0.225 k/ft) = 1.155 k/ft. This will result in Mu =
134.25 k-ft.

Mu 134.25 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   3082.5 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 0.5807 ksi
 3082.5 in 3 
d2    256.9 in 2  d  16.1 in  Use d  16.5 in.
 
 12 in 
Repeat using 16.5 in and the Mu = 135.25 k-ft, d =16.1 in.

Find area of steel As  0.0106912 in 16.5 in   2.12 in 2 , we can use Table A-8 to
get the number of bars 3 #8 (2.37 in2) . From Table A-6 we can find that chose either to
fit into a 12 in. beam. Need 9.5 in for 3#8 bars.

Find a from the equilibrium equation.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 2
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

a
As f y

 2.37 in  60 ksi 
2
 3.49 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 ksi 12 in.
Make sure steel has yielded:
  
 16.5 in   3.49 in  
d c   
s   0.003    0.85   0.003  0.00907  0.00207  OK
    3.49 in  
 c   
   
  0.85  
Calculate moment capacity
 a  3.49 in 
 
 

M u  M n  As f y  d    0.9 2.37 in 2  60 ksi  16.5 in    1888.3 k - in

 2  2 
 157.4 k - ft  16.3 % OVERDESIGN!

Minimum amount of steel needed for the beam

200 200
As  min   bd  12 in.16.5 in   0.66 in 2
fy 60000

3 fc 3 4000
 bd  12 in.16.5 in   0.63 in 2  Use As  min   0.66 in 2
fy 60000

The area steel is greater than minimum and less than the maximum steel
Amax =0.02138(12in)(16.5 in.) = 4.23 in2. So 0.66 in2 < 2.37 in2 < 4.23 in2. Check.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 3
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

Design a reinforced concrete section that can carry an ultimate moment of 260 k-ft as:

1 Singly reinforced, b =10 in.

2 Doubly reinforced, 25% of the moment to be resisted by compression steel,
b = 10 in.
3 T-section, which has a flange thickness of 3 in., flange width of 20 in. and a
web width of 10 in. fc = 3 ksi and fy = 60 ksi

Determine the quantities of concrete and steel designed per foot length of beams and then
determine the cost of each design if the price of the concrete equals $50 / yd3 and that of
steel is $0.30 / lb. Tabulate and compare results.

Find the value for  for the beam. Assume 0.5max

  
 0.85 f c  1  87 
 max  0.75  
 fy  87  f
  c 
 0.85 *  3 ksi  0.85  87 
 0.75    0.01604
  
 60 ksi  87  60 

The magnitude of = 0.5max = 0.5(0.01604) = 0.00802

fy  60 ksi 
w   0.00802   0.16035
 
fc  3 ksi 
Ru  f c w1  0.59 w    3 ksi  0.16035  1  0.59 0.16035    0.4355 ksi

The dimensions of the beam are:

Mu 260 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   7960.2 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 0.4355 ksi
 7960.2 in 3 
d2    716.4 in 2  d  28.2 in  Use d  28.5 in.
 
 10 in 

Find area of steel As  0.0080210 in  28.5 in   2.29 in 2 , we can use Table A-8 to
get the number of bars 3 #8 (2.37 in2) or 2 #10 (2.54 in2). From Table A-6 we can find
that chose either to fit into a 10 in. beam. Need 9.5 in for 3#8 bars and 8 in. for 2 # 10
bars.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 4
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

Find a from the equilibrium equation.

a
As f y

 2.37 in  60 ksi 
2
 5.58 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 10 in.
Make sure steel has yielded:
  
 28.5 in   5.58 in  
d c   
s   0.003    0.85   0.003  0.00934  0.00207  OK
    5.58 in  
 c   
   
  0.85  
Calculate moment capacity

 a  
 



M u  M n  As f y  d    0.9 2.37 in 2  60 ksi   28.5 in 
5.58 in   3290.4 k - in

 2  2 
 274.2 k - ft  5.5% Overdesign ed. OK

Minimum amount of steel needed for the beam

200 200
As  min   bd  10 in. 28.5 in   0.95 in 2
fy 60000

3 fc 3 3000
 bd  10 in. 28.5 in   0.78 in 2  Use As  min   0.95 in 2
fy 60000
The area steel is greater than minimum and less than the maximum steel
Amax =0.01604(10in)(28.5 in.) = 4.57 in2. So 0.95 in2 < 2.37 in2 < 4.57 in2. Check.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 5
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

Doubly reinforced section:

The compression steel must take in to consideration 25% of the moment. Single
reinforcement must take 75% of the moment. (260 k-ft)*0.75 = 195 k-ft. Use the
max = 0.01604 (from the singly reinforced member)

fy  60 ksi 
w   0.01604   0.3208
 
fc  3 ksi 
Ru  f c w1  0.59 w   3 ksi  0.3208 1  0.59 0.3208   0.7802 ksi

The dimensions of the beam are:

Mu 195 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   3332.5 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 0.7802 ksi
 3332.5 in 3 
d2    333.3 in 2  d  18.3 in  Use d  18.5 in.
 
 10 in 

Find area of steel As  0.0160410 in 18.5 in   2.97 in 2

Find a from the equilibrium equation.

a
As f y

 2.97 in  60 ksi 
2
 6.99 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 10 in.
 a  6.99 in 
 
 

M u  M n  As f y  d    0.9 2.97 in 2  60 ksi  18.5 in    2406.6 k - in

 2  2 
 200 k - ft

The required compression steel will handle M =65 k-ft/0.9 = 72.22 k-ft

 12 in 
72.222 k - ft  
M  
As    1 ft   0.94 in 2
 d  d   f y  0.85 f c  18.5 in - 2.5 in   60 ksi  0.85 3 ksi  

The total steel needed will be As(req) = 2.97 in2 + 0.94 in2 =3.91 in2.
Use 2# 7 bars(1.2 in2) in the compression steel, and double layer of 5 #8 bars (3.95 in2)

Calculate the new moment capacity of the beam. The tension steel can not exceed the
max area of steel.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 6
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

As  As  As  3.95 in 2  1.2 in 2  2.75 in 2  2.97 in 2

The capacity of the tension steel is

a
As f y

 2.75 in  60 ksi 
2
 6.47 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 10 in.
Check to see if compression steel and tension steel yield.

6.47 in
c  7.61 in
0.85
d c  
s   0.003   18.5 in  7.61 in  0.003  0.00429  0.00207  OK
   
 c   7.61 in 
d c  
c   0.003   7.61 in  2.5 in  0.003  0.00201  0.00207  Does not yield
   
 c   7.61 in 
Find the c value.

  c  d 
As f y  0.85 f c b 1c  As  E s   0.003  0.85 f c 
   
  c  
   
 3.95 in  60 ksi   0.85 3 ksi 10 in  0.85 c  1.2 in   87 ksi  1  2.5 in   0.85 3 ksi  
2 2


  c  

237c  21.675c 2  104.4c  3.06c  261
c 2  6.2588c  12.04152  0  c  7.80 in.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 7
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

The moment capacity is

  a    c 2.5 in 
M u  M n    0.85 f c ba  d

  

 Es 
As
 
  0.003  0.85


  2    c 
  0.85 7.80 i n  
 0.85   3 ksi  10 i n   0.85   7.8 in  18.5 in  
  
 2 
 0.9 
   
  1.2 i n 2  87 ksi  7.8 i n  2.5 i n   0.85 3
   
   7.8 i n 
 0.9 2567 .3 k - in  1086 .1 k - in   3288 .0 k - in
 274.0 k - ft  5.4% overdesi gn ed.

3 T section

beff =20 in d =10 in hf =3 in and fc =3 ksi fy = 60 ksi

  
 0.85 f c  1  87 
 bal    
 fy  87  f
  c 
 0.85 *  3 ksi  0.85  87 
    0.02138
  
 60 ksi  87  60 

The magnitude of = 0.45bal = 0.45(0.02138) = 0.00962

fy  60 ksi 
w   0.00962   0.1924
 
fc  3 ksi 
Ru  f c w1  0.59 w   3 ksi  0.1924 1  0.59 0.1924   0.5117 ksi

The dimensions of the beam are:

Mu 260 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   6774.4 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 0.5117 ksi
 6774.4 in 3 
d2    677.4 in 2  d  26.1 in  Use d  26.5 in.
 
 10 in 
Find area of steel As  0.0096210 in  26.5 in   2.55 in 2
Use 2# 10 bars (2.54 in2) Use the flange to find the a.

a
As f y

 2.54 in  60 ksi 
2
 2.99 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi  20 in.
Compute the moment capacity of the T beam
 a  
 
 

M u  M n  As f y  d    0.9 2.54 in 2  60 ksi   26.5 in 
2.99 in   3429.8 k - in

 2  2 
 285.8 k - ft  9.9% overdesign

Compare the cost of the individual section is $50 /yd3 and $ 0.30 lb for steel.
So $50/(36 in)3 =$ 0.00107 / in3 and 490 lb/ft3 = 0.28356 lb/in3

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 8
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

Section A concrete A steel Cost

Single Reinforced 310 in2* $ 0.00107/in3 2.37 in2*0.28356 lb/in3
= $ 0.332 /in =0.672 lb/in*$ 0.3/lb $ 6.41/ft
=$0.2016 /in
Doubly Reinforced 220 in2* $ 0.00107/in3 5.15 in2*0.28356 lb/in3
= $0.236 /in =1.460 lb/in*$ 0.3/lb $ 8.09/ft
=$ 0.438 /in
T Section 320 in2* $ 0.00107/in3 2.54 in2*0.28356 lb/in3
=$ 0.343 /in =0.720 lb/in*$ 0.3/lb $ 6.71/ft
=$ 0.216/in

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 9
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

Design a rectangular reinforced concrete beam to carry service moments of

MDL = 170 k-ft and MLL = 270 k-ft. Physical limitations require that b = 14 in. and
h = 30 in. If compression steel is needed, d'= 3 in., fc = 3 ksi and fy = 40 ksi.

The loading on the beam is

M  1.4 DL  1.7 LL  1.4170 k - ft   1.7 270 k - ft   697 k - ft

The maximum allowable 

  
 0.85 f c  1  87 
 max  0.75  
 fy  87  f
  c 
 0.85 *  3 ksi  0.85  87 
 0.75    0.02784
  
 40 ksi  87  40 
Use the max = 0.02784 (from the singly reinforced member)

fy  40 ksi 
w   0.02784   0.3712
 
fc  3 ksi 
Ru  f c w1  0.59w    3 ksi  0.3712 1  0.59 0.3712   0.8697 ksi

The dimensions of the beam are:

Mu 697 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   10685.4 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 0.8697 ksi
 10685.4 in 3 
d2    763.3 in 2  d  27.6 in  Use d  28.0 in.
 
 14 in 

The h would be h =28 + 3.5 in = 31.5 in, therefore we will need to use a double
reinforced beam. So assume that we will be using a doubly reinforced beam with a
double layer. The d value will be d = 30 in. – 3.5 in. = 26.5 in. b = 14 in. and d’= 2.5 in.
Use a max so that area of steel will be 0.02784(26.5 in)(14 in) = 10.33 in2

Find a from the equilibrium equation.

a
As f y

10.33 in  40 ksi
2
 11 .57 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 14 in.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 10
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

 a  11 .57 in 
 

M u  M n  As f y  d    0.9 10.33 in 2  40 ksi   26.5 in 

   7703.0 k - in

 2  2 
 641.9 k - ft

The required compression steel will handle M =(697 k-ft- 641.9)/0.9 = 61.21 k-ft

 12 in 
61.21 k - ft  
M  
As    1 ft   0.82 in 2
 d  d   f y  0.85 f c   26.5 in - 2.5 in   40 ksi  0.85 3 ksi  

The total steel needed will be As(req) = 10.33 in2 + 0.82 in2 =11.15 in2.
Use 2# 7 bars(1.2 in2) in the compression steel, and double layer of 4 #11 bars (6.24 in2)
and 4# 10 bars( 5.08 in2) or a total of 11.34 in2 The total was found from Table A-8 to get
a value for area of steel. One row of 4 #11 will fit into a 14 in beam from Table A-6

Calculate the new moment capacity of the beam. The tension steel can not exceed the
max area of steel.

As  As  As  11 .34 in 2  1.2 in 2  10.14 in 2  10.33 in 2

The capacity of the tension steel is

a
As f y

10.14 in  40 ksi 
2
 11 .36 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 14 in.
Check to see if compression steel and tension steel yield.

11 .36 in
c  13.37 in
0.85
d c  
s   0.003   26.5 in  13.37 in  0.003  0.00295  0.00138  OK
   
 c   13.37 in 
d c  
c   0.003   13.37 in  2.5 in  0.003  0.00244  0.00138  OK
   
 c   13.37 in 

  a  
M u  M n   0.85 f c ba d

  


As  f y  0.85 f c  d  d  

  2  

  11.36 in  
 0.85  3 ksi   14 in   11.36 in   26.5 in  
 0 .9   
 2 


  1.2 in 2  40 ksi  0.85 3 ksi    26.5 in  2.
 0.9 8443.6 k - in  1078.6 k - in   8569.6 k - in
 714.0 k - ft  2.5 % overdesigned.

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 11
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

The two-span continuous beam is subjected to a uniform dead load of 2 k/ft (include its
own weight) and a uniform live load 3 k/ft. The reactions due to two different loads are
shown. Calculate the maximum negative ultimate moment at the intermediate support B
and the maximum positive ultimate moment within the span AB (at 0.42L from support
A), design the critical section at B and D, and draw the reinforcement details for the
entire beam ABC. Given: L =20 ft, b = 12 in., h = 21 in., use d = 18 in. for one row of
bars and d= 17 in. for two rows , fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.

The factor load are given as

DL  1.4 2 k - ft   2.8 k - ft
LL  1.7 3 k - ft   5.1 k - ft
Bending Moment
Shear Diagram
400

150 300

200
100
100
Moment (kip-ft)

50
Force (kips)

0
0 -100
0 10 20 30 40

0 10 20 30 40
-50 -200

-300
-100
-400
-150
-500
Location (ft) Location (ft)

The maximum moment for case 1 with the dead and live loads over the entire structure,
MB = -395 k-ft and MD = 219 k-ft and case 2 MB = -267.5 k-ft and MD =272.6 k-ft. Point
D is located at 8.4 ft from the left support.

Calculate max for the beam:

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Civil Engineering University Pá gina 12
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

  
 0.85 f c  1  87 
 max  0.75  
 fy  87  f
  c 
 0.85 *  4 ksi  0.85  87 
 0.75    0.02138
  
 60 ksi  87  60 
Use the max = 0.02138 (from the singly reinforced member)

fy  60 ksi 
w   0.02138   0.3207
 
fc  4 ksi 
Ru  f c w1  0.59 w   4 ksi  0.3207  1  0.59 0.3207    1.0401 ksi

The dimensions of the beam for point B are:

Mu 395 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   5063.7 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 1.0401 ksi
 5063.7 in 3 
d2    422.0 in 2  d  20.55 in  Use d  21.0 in.
 
 12 in 

This result shows that Point B will need to be doubly reinforced. So assume that we will
be using a doubly reinforced beam with a double layer. The d value will be d = 17 in., b
= 12 in. and d’= 2.5 in. Use a max so that area of steel will be 0.02138(17 in)(12 in) =
4.36 in2 Find a from the equilibrium equation.

a
As f y

 4.36 in  60 ksi 
2
 6.41 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 ksi 12 in.
 a  6.41 in 
 
 

M u  M n  As f y  d    0.9 4.36 in 2  60 ksi  17 in    3247.4 k - in

 2  2 
 270.6 k - ft

The required compression steel will handle M =(395 k-ft- 270.6 k-ft)/0.9 = 138.2 k-ft

 12 in 
138.2 k - ft 
M  
As    1 ft   2.02 in 2
 d  d   f y  0.85 f c  17 in - 2.5 in   60 ksi  0.85 4 ksi 

The total steel needed will be As(req) = 4.36 in2 + 2.02 in2 =6.38 in2.
Use 3# 9 bars(3.0 in2) in the compression steel, and double layer of 3 #10 bars (3.81 in2)
and 3# 9 bars( 3.00 in2) or a total of 6.81 in2 The total was found from Table A-8 to get a
value for area of steel. One row of 3 #10 will fit into a 12 in beam from Table A-6

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 13
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

Calculate the new moment capacity of the beam. The tension steel can not exceed the
max area of steel.

As  As  As  6.81 in 2  3.0 in 2  3.81 in 2  4.36 in 2

The capacity of the tension steel is

a
As f y

 3.81 in  60 ksi 
2
 5.60 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 ksi 12 in.
Check to see if compression steel and tension steel yield.

5.6 in
c  6.59 in
0.85
d c  
s   0.003   17 in  6.59 in  0.003  0.00474  0.00207  OK
   
 c   6.59 in 
d c  
c   0.003   6.59 in  2.5 in  0.003  0.00186  0.00207  Did not yield
   
 c   6.59 in 

Find the c value.

  c  d 
As f y  0.85 f c b 1 c  As  Es   0.003  0.85 f c 
   
  c  
   
 6.81 in  60 ksi   0.85 4 ksi 12 in  0.85 c   3.0 in   87 ksi  1  2.5 in   0.85 4 ksi  
2 2


  c  

408.6c  34.68c 2  261c  10.2c  652.5
c 2  4.55017c  18.81488  0  c  7.17 in.

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Civil Engineering University Pá gina 14
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

The moment capacity is

  a    c  2.5 in 
M u  M n    0.85 f c ba  d

  

 Es 
As
 
0.003  0.85


  2    c 
  0.85 7.17 in  
 0.85   4 ksi   12 in  0.85   7.17 in  17 in  
  
 2 
 0.9 
   
  3.0 in 2  87 ksi  7.17 in  2.5 in   0.85
   
   7.17 in 
 0.9 3469.4 k - in  2317 .0 k - in   5207 .8 k - in
 434.0 k - ft  9.9% overdesign ed.

Point D
The dimensions of the beam for point D are:

Mu 272.6 k - ft  
 12 in 
 
 0.9  1 ft   3494.5 in 3
bd 2  
Ru 1.0401 ksi
 3494.5 in 3 
d2     291.2 in 2  d  17.01 in  Use d  17.5 in.
 
 12 in 

This result shows that Point D can use a singly reinforced beam. So assume that we will
be using a doubly reinforced beam with a double layer. The d value will be d = 18 in.,
and b = 12 in. Use a max so that area of steel will be 0.02138(18 in)(12 in) = 4.61 in2
Find  for the beam.
Mu 272.6 k - ft  12 in 
  
Ru  
0 .9  1 ft   0.93484 ksi
bd 2 12 in 18 in  2
Ru  f c w1  0.59 w  0.93484 ksi   4 ksi  w  1  0.59 w   w  0.2787

wf c  4 ksi 
   0.2787   0.01858
 
fy  60 ksi 

Use a As 0.01858(18 in)(12 in) = 4.01 in2, which for single row can be done with 2 #10
bars (2.54 in2) and 2# 8 bars (1.58 in2) or a total of 4.12 in2 The total was found from
Table A-8 to get a value for area of steel. One row will fit into a 12 in beam from Table
A-6.
a
As f y

 4.12 in  60 ksi 
2
 6.06 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 ksi 12 in.

Check to see if the tension steel yield.

6.06 in
c  7.13 in
0.85
d c  18 in  7.13 in 
s   0.003    0.003  0.00453  0.00207  OK
   
 c   7.13 in 
Compute the moment capacity of the beam

Dr. R.WOOD. Wood4657@gmail.com Civil Engineering Department

Civil Engineering University Pá gina 15
REINFORCED CONCRETE EC 444

  a 
M u  M n    As f y  d  
  
 2 
 
 0.9  60 ksi   4.12 in 2 18 in 
 6.06 in  

  
 2 
 0.9 3700.6 k - in   3330.5 k - in
 277.5 k - ft  1.8 % overdesigned.

The drawings are not included but the beam at Point B is doubly reinforced with a double
row at the top consisting of 3#10 and 3#9 at d=17 in. and a single row at the bottom
consisting of 3#10 at d’= 2.5 in. The beam at Point D is a singly reinforced beam with a
single row consisting of 2#10 and 2#8 at bottom at a d=18 in.

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Civil Engineering University Pá gina 16