Module 4

Pipe laying

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1. Pre-lay Survey
Inspecting the seabed along the intended pipe line route before construction
Consisting of:
- Desktop study
- Bathymetry profile (side scan)
- Geotechnical sampling
- Visual inspection

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2. Sand Waves (or Dunes)

Ridges on the seabed formed by current

San Francisco Bay

Dubai Coast

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3. Span Correction
Measure to prevent free span of pipe line

Free Span

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4. Landfall
Location where pipe line comes onshore

Land fall Ca Mau

Trenching

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5. J-Lay
Pipes have J-shape when in laying process

Lay direction

Application: Water depth more than 200m

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J-lay Tower
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6. S-Lay
Pipes have S-shape when in laying process

Lay direction

Application: Shallow water (Vietnam)

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Monitoring

7. Stinger
Support frame to guide pipe line overboard during S-laying

To prevent small bending radius

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8. Pipe Laying Ship (or Vessel)

Mono hull vessels to lay pipe lines offshore

Application: Small diameter pipe with small bending radius

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9. Pipe Laying Barge

Flat barge or Semi used to lay offshore pipe lines

Application: Larger diameter pipe

Drivers for choice?;
- Water depth
- Diameter pipe line
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10. Pipe Tensioner

Gripper on the vessel that holds the string during the laying process

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11. Beveling
Machining a sloped surface on the pipe end for welding purposes

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12. Line up Tools

Tool to align two joints of pipe before welding

IPEC Canada

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13. Field Weld

Welding two joints of pipe together offshore

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14. Field Joint

Completed connection between two joints done offshore

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15. Welded Pipe

Steel pipe made of plate steel

Longitudinal
pipe

Spiral welded Pipe

Use: Construction purposes/small
Wall thickness

Use: Big
diameter/Wall
thickness
Pipe lines

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16. Seamless pipe

Hot rolled steel pipe with no weld

Use: Petrochemical industry, small

diameters/big wall thickness
Drivers for choice?;
- Wall thickness
- Diameter pipe
- Mechanical properties
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17. Weight coat

Concrete jacket around the pipe line to weigh it down and protect it

Use: Offshore Pipelines

Length of one Joint: 12 m

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18. PLEM
Pipe Line End Manifold = Protecting structure housing valves and T-pieces

Purpose: Fix position of

pipe line end and protect
valves/actuators from
fishing nets and anchors

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19. Spool Piece

Small pipe piece made to order to connect two flanged pipe ends

Measurement by Divers: Geometrics

Can also be used as expansion piece

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20. Pressure testing

Testing the pipeline for leaks by pressurizing it and monitoring the pressure

Important moment for pipe laying

contractor

Test pressure depends on design

pressure and safety factor

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21. Testable Gasket

Sealing between two flanges that can be tested without pressurizing the line

Connection
test kit

Flange connection

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22. Pigs
Plugs that are send trough the pipe line by compressed air or water to perform duties
Duties:
Cleaning
Measuring
Inspection

ROSEN
Malaysia

Pig Launch

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23. Cleaning (Pre commissioning)

Remove all debris and particles from the pipe line

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24. Drying (Pre commissioning)

Remove all water residue and vapor before commissioning of the pipe line

Pig train

Techniques used:
1. Glycol/Methanol
2. Air drying
3. Vacuum drying

Purpose:
To avoid corrosion (Hydrate) and
contamination of product

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