A report on

Industrial Training
at

MADHUMITA CONSTRUCTIONS
submitted to
Department of civil engineering
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of
Master of Technology
In
Structural Engineering
By

M.JEELANI (148W1D8711)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VELAGAPUDI RAMAKRISHNA SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
Autonomous Affiliated by JNTU Kakinada
VELAGAPUDI RAMAKRISHNA SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
Autonomous
Kakinada

Affiliated by JNTU

DEPARTMENT OF
ENGINEERING

CIVIL

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report on Industrial training (during
summer)

is

the

(148W1D8711)
Engineering,

bonafide
submitted

VELAGAPUDI

ENGINEERING

workdone

COLLEGE

to

the

RAMA

by

Mr.

M.JEELANI

Department

KRISHNA

(Autonomous)

in

of

Civil

SIDDHARTHA
the

partial

fulfillment of the completion of I/II M.Tech for the award of the

degree of Master of Technology in Structural Engineering during
the academic year 2014 2016.

SRI.V.RAMESH
SRI.Dr.CH.SRINIVAS
Head of the department

In charge Industrial Training

Civil Engg. Dept
Civil Engg. Dept

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With immense sincerity, I would like to thank all the people who helped us in the
successful completion of the project.
I am deeply indebted forever to our respectful Guide SRI.V.RAMESH, Associate
Professor, for his scholarly guidance, affectionate encouragement and constant help
in completing my internship programme.

I also express my sincere thanks to SRI.Dr.CH.SRINIVAS , Head of the

Department of Civil Engineering, Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha
Engineering College, Vijayawada, for the encouragement and guidance regarding
the internship programme.

I am very thankful to Mr. T. SRINIVASA RAO, Managing Partner of

MADHUMITA CONSTRUCTIONS Vijayawada. For his support, guidance and
his valuable suggestions which helped me to carry out my internship. His guidance
internally helped me a lot in finishing the internship programme successfully.

Finally, we extend our gratitude to the Management, Faculty members and

Technicians of Civil Engineering Department, for their kind co-operation
throughout the course of study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
WORKS CONDUCTED IN SITE
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)

SITE CLEARANCE
EXCAVATION
LAYING FOUNDATION
REINFORCEMENT
SHUTTERING OR FORMWORK
MATERIALS USED
CURING
BRICKWORK
OTHER WORKS

PHOTOS AT THE SITE

ABSTRACT

Building construction is a traditional science which deals with the methods of

sound incorporating appropriate use of materials, sufficient strength performance,
maximum utility, good proportion and grace. The Civil Engineer has the main
responsibility in building construction. However the structural design of the
building is the responsibility of a Civil Engineer.

In this report we discussed the various components of the building, planning,

detailing of reinforcement, Execution works, tile works etc... We practically
observed many things at the site which we havent done till now.

INTRODUCTION
Madhumitha constructions, creators of premium residential and commercial
projects. They strive for excellence, and aim not only to meet customers
expectations but to surpass them.
Madhumitha constructions are one of the pioneers of the real estate business in
Vijayawada and Hyderabad. Their commitment to quality since 15years has earned
the trust of future customers, and most importantly the satisfaction of past
customers.
They are a full-service organization with in-house architects, engineers and
construction crew. They combine innovation with experience and hard work, to
conceptualize and realize projects that anticipate the needs of the people who will
live or work in the spaces that they build.
They have always dared to be different which is reflected by the many 'firsts' that
stand to our credit.
The organization revolves around four core beliefs and ensures that these values
reflect in their work:
Trust
Customer First
Quality
Innovation
The story of Madhumitha constructions is a saga of unabated growth and path
breaking steps. For more than 15 years, Madhumitha construction has built and
delivered over residential and commercial space in Vijayawada, and Hyderabad.
More importantly, they have moved more than 3000 families to their facilities and
have established themselves as a company that provides quality of construction,
safety of investment and integrity of commitment.

As they continue to grow, they always had just one objective in their mind - to see
a smile on customers face. Today, this philosophy is driving them way beyond the
horizon into the future as they look at new avenues in Real Estate Development
across the State of Andhra Pradesh.
Madhumitha constructions adhere to their prime motto of customer service
followed by Integrity, Quality and Reliability. Their motto have thus translated into
good workmanship and helped us fulfill dreams of their satisfied customers.

CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Site Clearance: The very first step is site clearance which involves removal of grass and
vegetation with any other objections which might be there in the site location.

Excavation: Excavation was carried out both manually as well as mechanically. Normally 1-2
earth excavators were used for excavating the soil. Adequate precautions are taken to see that the
excavation operations do not damage the adjoining structures. Exacavation is carried out
providing adequate side slopes and dressing of excavation bottom.The soil present beneath the
surface was too clayey so it was dumped and was not used for back filling. The filling is done in
layer not exceeding 20 cm layer and than its compacted. Depth of excavation 13feet from
Ground Level.

LAYING OF FOUNDATION :
PILE FOUNDATION :
Pile foundation is required when the soil bearing capacity is not sufficient for the structure to
withstand. This is due to the soil condition or the order of bottom layers, type of loads on
foundations, conditions at site and operational conditions.
Many factors prevent the selection of surface foundation as a suitable foundation such as the
nature of soil and intensity of loads, we use the piles when the soil have low bearing capacity or
in building in water like bridges and dams
A pile foundation consists of two components: Pile cap and single or group of piles. Piles
transfers the loads from structures to the hard strata, rocks or soil with high bearing capacity.
These are long and slender members whose length can be more than 15m.

Piles can be made from concrete , wood or steel depending on the requirements. These piles are
then driven, drilled or jacked into the ground and connected to pile caps. Pile foundation are
classified based on material of pile construction, type of soil, and load transmitting characteristic
of piles.
Function of Pile Foundation:
As other types of foundations, the purpose of pile foundations is:
To transmit the buildings loads to the foundations and the ground soil layers whether these
loads vertical or inclined
To install loose cohesion less soil through displacement and vibration.
To control the settlements; which can be accompanied by surface foundations.
To increase the factor of safety for heavy loads buildings
The piles used in the construction site of three different sizes varying in Dia .they are of 12
16 & 18

The piles used in the site are augured pile the length and breadth of the pile are as shown in fig.
In laying of pile foundation, special care is taken in the reinforcement and construction of plinth
beams and columns. It is the main portion on which ultimately whole of the structure load is to
come. So a slightest error can cause huge problems and therefore all this is checked and passed
The by the engineer in charge of the site.
Pile cap pics and drawings

REINFORCEMENT

Steel reinforcements are used, generally, in the form of bars of circular cross section in concrete
structure.They are like a skeleton in human body. Plain concrete without steel or any other
reinforcement is strong in compression but weak in tension. Steel is one of the best forms of
reinforcements, to take care of those stresses and to strengthen concrete to bear all kinds of loads.
In our site, high strength deformed bars conforming to IS:1786, grade Fe500 indicative yield
stress 500N/mm2 are used. Some companies have brought Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT)
with added features. The steel used in our site is TMT 500D. (D represents Ductility).
Bars ranging from 8 to 32mm are used in our site. Transverse reinforcement are very
important.They not only take care of structural requirements but also help main reinforcement to
remain in desired position.They should be closely spaced as per the drawings and propoerly tied
to the main/ longitudional reinforcement.

Bar-Bending-Schedule
Bar bending schedule is the schedule of reinforcemet bars prepared in advance before cutting and
bending of rebars. This schedule contains all details of size, shape and dimension of rebars to be
cut.

Lap Length
Lap length is the length overlap of bars tied to extend the reinforcement length.Lap length about
50 times the dia of the bar is considered safe.Laps of neighbouring bar lengths should be
staggered and should not be provided at one level/line. At one cross section, a maximum of
50%bars should be lapped.

Anchorage Length
This is the additional length of steel of one structure required to be inserted in other at the
junction. For example, main bars of beam in column at beam column junction, column bars in
footings etc. The length requirement is similar to the lap length mentioned as per the design
instructions.

Cover Block
Cover blocks are placed to prevent the steeel rods from touching the shuttering plates and there
by providing a minimum cover and fix the reinforcements as per the design drawings.Sometimes
it is commonly seen that the cover gets mispalces during the concreting activity.To prevent this,
tying of cover with steel bars using thin steel wires called binding wires.
Structural Element
Slabs
Columns

Cover to Reinforcement (mm)

20
40

Beams
Pile
Pile Cap

20
50
50

SHUTTERING OR FORM WORK

Shuttering and formwork are both terms used to describe the process of creating a mould in
which concrete can be poured and contained as it hardens. Shuttering usually refers to the
process of using plywood to form the mould, while formwork is something of a broader term that
is used to denote the forming process using a wide variety of materials. Shuttering and formwork
both accomplish the same essential task, but the materials used to accomplish this task can vary.
Sometimes there is no differentiation made between the two terms, and in some cases, shuttering
may be considered one specific type of formwork.

Projects of all different sizes will need to employ shuttering and formwork techniques. Large
scale building projects are likely to use a variety of different types of formwork, though
shuttering is perhaps the most popular because it is easy to use and it can be built in such a way
that a significant amount of concrete can be poured at once. Using plywood for shuttering is also
relatively inexpensive, especially when the plywood can be reused. A special grade of plywood is
necessary for shuttering and formwork; the plywood must be water-resistant, as many concrete
projects are performed outdoors.
Formwork is an ancillary construction, used as a mould for a structure. Into this mould fresh
concrete is placed only to harden subsequently. The construction of formwork takes time and
involves expenditure upto 20 to 25% of the cost of the structure or even more. Design of these
temporary structures are made to economic expenditure. The operation of removing the
formwork is known as stripping. Stripped formwork can be reused. Reusable forms are known as
panel forms and non-usable are called stationary forms.
Timber is the most common material used for formwork. The disadvantage with timber
formwork is that it will warp, swell and shrink. Application of water impermeable cost to the
surface of wood mitigates these defects.

A good formwork should satisfy the following requirements:

It should be strong enough to withstand all types of dead and live loads.
It should be rigidly constructed and efficiently propped and braced both horizontally and
vertically, so as to retain its shape.
The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout.
Construction of formwork should permit removal of various parts in desired sequences
without damage to the concrete.
The material of the formwork should be cheap, easily available and should be suitable for
reuse.
The formwork should be set accurately to the desired line and levels should have plane surface.
It should be as light as possible.
The material of the formwork should not warp or get distorted when exposed to the elements.
It should rest on firm base.
Steel forms compared with timber formwork:
Steel forms are stronger, durable and have longer life than timber formwork and their reuses are
more in number.
Steel forms can be installed and dismantled with greater ease and speed.
The quality of exposed concrete surface by using steel forms is good and such surfaces need no
further treatment.
Steel formwork does not absorb moisture from concrete.
Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.
Steel formwork photos

Scaffolding
Scaffolding, also called staging ,is the basis of most construction projects it is a temporary
structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance
and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.
Scaffolding consists of boards, tubes, couplers made from materials like metal, wood, or
bamboo. Its design can be either simple or complex, but its construction is done with great care
because it supports groups of people moving about. When construction teams need to mold wet
concrete or hold it in place until it hardens to the desired shape, they use formwork.

Scaffolding needs to be easy to construct, simple to dismantle, and convenient to transport. The
platforms constructed in scaffolding should have big areas to allow people to walk freely and
handle materials easily. The complete structure must be strong enough so that it is unaffected by
climatic conditions and doesn't shake, deform, or tilt over time.

Materials used :
Cement: A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can bind other materials
together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to
describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime
as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick supplements that were added to the burnt lime,
to obtain a hydraulic binder, were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cment, and cement.
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world, used as a
basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and most non-speciality grout. It developed from
other types of hydraulic lime in England in the mid 19th century and usually originates
from limestone. It is a fine powder produced by heating materials in a kiln to form what is
called clinker grinding the clinker, and adding small amounts of other materials. Several types of
Portland cement are available with the most common being called ordinary Portland cement
(OPC) which is grey in color, but a white Portland cement is also available.

Coarse Aggregate: Coarse aggregate for the works should be river gravel or crushed stone. It
should be hard, strong, dense, durable, clean and free from clay or loamy admixtures or quarry
refuse or vegetable matter. The pieces of aggregates should be cubical or rounded shaped and
should have granular or crystalline or smooth( but not glossy) non- powdery. The grading of
coarse aggregates should be as per specifications of IS- 383.

Fine Aggregate: Aggregate which is passed through 4.75 IS Sieve is termed as fine aggregate.
Fine aggregate is added to concrete to assist workability and to bring uniformity in mixture.

Usually, the natural river sand is used as fine aggregate. Important thing to be considered is that
fine aggregates should be free from lumps.

CONCRETE
This is the commonly used and leasened term in the contruction industry. The literal
meaning of concrete may be defined as
a construction material made of a mixture of cement, sand, stone, and water that
hardens to a stonelike mass.
HOW CONCRETE IS PREPARED
Concrete production is the process of mixing together the various ingredientswater,
aggregate, cement, and any additivesto produce concrete. Concrete production is timesensitive. Once the ingredients are mixed, workers must put the concrete in place before it
hardens
Concrete can b prepared itself in the site or in the batching plant.Generally for small
amount of concrete concrete is prepared itself in the site for huge concrete it is difficult for
mixing so batching plants are used. In general usage, concrete plants come in two main types,
ready mix plants and central mix plants. A ready mix plant mixes all the ingredients except
water, while a central mix plant mixes all the ingredients including water. A central mix plant
offers more accurate control of the concrete quality through better measurements of the amount
of water added, but must be placed closer to the work site where the concrete will be used, since
hydration begins at the plant.

CURING
Curing is the process in which the concrete is protected from loss of moisture and kept
within a reasonable temperature range. The result of this process is increased strength and
decreased permeability. Curing is also a key player in mitigating cracks in the concrete, which
severely impacts durability. Cracks allow open access for harmful materials to bypass the low
permeability concrete near the surface. Good curing can help mitigate the appearance of
unplanned cracking.
When smart, suitable, and practical curing is used, the amount of cement required to achieve a
given strength and durability can be reduced by either omission or replacement with
supplementary cementitious materials. Since the cement is the most expensive and energy
intensive portion of a concrete mixture, this leads to a reduction in the cost as well as the

absolute carbon footprint of the concrete mixture. Additionally, practical curing methods can
enhance sustainability by reducing the need for resource intensive conditioning treatments,
should the curing method be incompatible with the intended service environment.
Curing is the main done for controlling heat of hydration (correct it jeelani).Types of curing are
1.Shading concrete work
2.Covering concrete surfaces with hessian or gunny bags
3.Sprinkling of water
4.Ponding method
5.Membrane curing

In our site ponding method is used for slab curing and for columns gunny bags are used.

BRICK WORK
Brickwork is masonry done with bricks and mortar and is generally used to build partition walls.
In our site, all the external walls and internal walls were made of bricks. English bond wasused
and a ratio of 1:4(1 cement: 4 coarse sand) and 1:6 were used depending upon whether the wall
is 4.5 inches or 9 inches.
Modular BricksIndian Standard institution has established a standard brick size of bricks such
a brick is known as a modular brick. The normal size of brick is taken as 20x10x10cm whereas
its actual dimension are 19x9x9cm masonry with modular bricks workout to be cheaper there is
saving in the consumption of bricks, mortar and labour as compared with masonry with
traditional bricks.

Electrical work
Installation of power generation, transformer, power distribution, and interior electrical facilities
Power generation facilities, electrical wiring, lead-in line, transformer facilities, interior electrical
facilities (including electrical facilities for emergency use), illumination facilities, railway line,
traffic light facilities, and neon lamp facilities work

Piping work

Work for installation of coolers, air conditioners, water supplies, hygiene facilities, and facilities
for transport of water, oil, gas, and steam using metal pipes.
Cooling and heating facilities, freezer/refrigerator facilities, water/hot water supply facilities,
kitchen facilities, hygiene facilities, water purification facilities, water toilet facilities, gas pipe,
duct, and pipe rehabilitation work

Tile/brick/block work
Constructions with bricks or concrete blocks or work to apply or attach bricks, concrete blocks,
or tiles to structures.Concrete block masonry (pitching), brick masonry (pitching), tile pitching,
furnace building, and asbestos plate laying

PHOTOS AT THE SITE