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Chapter 9
The RLC Circuit

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an RLC circuit has both an inductor and a

capacitor

these circuits have a wide range of
applications, including oscillators and
frequency filters

they also can model automobile suspension
systems, temperature controllers, airplane
responses, and so forth

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6/16/2015

Apply KCL and

differentiate to show:

d 2v 1 dv 1
C 2+
+ v =0
dt
R dt L
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To solve, assume v=Aest .

The solution must then satisfy

Cs2 +

1
1
s+ = 0
R
L

which is called the characteristic equation.

If s1 and s2 are the solutions, then the natural response is

v(t) = A1e s1 t + A2e s2 t

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The solutions to the characteristic equation are

1 2 1
1

2RC LC
2RC

Define 0 the resonant frequency: 0 = 1

and the damping coefficient: =

LC

1
2RC

---m.wartana@fti.itn.ac.id--- Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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With these definitions, the solutions can be

expressed as:
s1 = + 2 02
s2 = 2 02

The constants A1 and A2 are determined by the

initial conditions.
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If >0 the solutions are

real, unequal and the
response is termed
overdamped.
If <0 the solutions are
complex conjugates and
the response is termed
underdamped.

s1 = + 2 02
s2 = 2 02

[If =0 the solutions are

real and equal and the
response is termed
critically damped. ]

---m.wartana@fti.itn.ac.id--- Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Show that v(t) = 84(et e6t ) when i(0+)=10 A

and v(0+)=0 V.

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---m.wartana@fti.itn.ac.id--- Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Show that vC(t) = 80e50,000t 20e200,000t V for t>0.

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Find R1 such that the circuit is critically damped

for t>0 and R2 so that v(0)=2 V.

Answer: R1 = 31.63 k, R2=0.4

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s1 = + 2 02

If <0, define
d = 02 2

s2 = 2 02

and the solution is

v(t) = e t (A1e j d t + A2e d t )

or equivalently

v(t) = e t B1 cos( d t )+ B2 sin( d t )

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Show for t>0

iL = e1.2t (2.027 cos 4.75t + 2.561 sin 4.75t)

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For the series RLC circuit,

d2i
di 1
L 2 +R + i =0
dt
dt C

This circuit is the dual of the parallel RLC

circuit.
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The characteristic equation is

1
Ls2 + Rs + = 0
C
and the solution is

v(t) = A1e s1 t + A2e s2 t

where

R 2 1
R
s1,s2 =

2L LC
2L
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R
Define 0 = 1
and =
LC
2L

Then if

s1 = + 2 02
s2 = 2 02

>0 (overdamped):

v(t) = A1e s1 t + A2e s2 t

=0 (critically damped):

v(t) = e t (A1t + A2 )

<0 (underdamped):

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v(t) = e t B1 cos( d t )+ B2 sin( d t )

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The response of RLC circuits with dc sources

and switches will consist of the natural
response and the forced response:
v(t) = vf(t)+vn(t)
The complete response must satisfy both the
initial conditions and the final conditions or
the forced response.
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Find the labeled voltages and currents at t=0- and

t=0+.

Answer:
iR(0) = 5 A
iL (0) = 5 A
iC(0) = 0 A

vR(0) = 150 V
vL (0) = 0 V
vC(0) = 150 V

iR(0+) = 1 A
iL (0+) = 5 A
iC(0+) = 4 A

vR(0+) = 30 V
vL (0+) = 120 V
vC(0+) = 150 V

---m.wartana@fti.itn.ac.id--- Copyright 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Find the first derivatives of the labeled voltages

and currents at t=0+.

Answer:
diR/dt(0+) = 40 A/s
diL /dt(0+) = 40 A/s
diC/dt(0+) = -40 A/s

dvR/dt(0+) = -1200 V/s

dvL /dt(0+) = -1092 V/s
dvC/dt(0+) = 108 V/s

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Show that for t>0

vC(t) = 150 + 13.5(et e9t ) volts

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The resistor in the RLC circuit serves to

dissipate initial stored energy.

When this resistor becomes 0 in the series
RLC or infinite in the parallel RLC, the circuit
will oscillate.

Example: for t>0,

v(t) =2 sin 3t
if i(0)=-1/6 A and v(0)=0 V
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