Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Captulo 1 - GRAMMAR
05
17
Captulo 3 - tips
29
31
45
FICHA TCNICA
Impresso: Multicopy
Reviso: Geovane Souza de Oliveira
Editorao eletrnica / Iconografia: InfotechArt - Informao, Tecnologia e Arte
Projeto Grfico / Edio de imagens / Ilustraes : PIXEL - Criaes Visuais
Capa: Art Publish
Ingls
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Mdulo 1
D I C A S ...
Respire atualidade
- Procure ler muito sobre todos os assuntos em livros, jornais, revistas e sites de notcias, para que no
momento da prova voc no seja pego de surpresa com alguma informao que voc desconhea. Lendo voc
conseguir obter um grande vocabulrio e pacincia para enfrentar horas de leitura de enunciados;
# Pegadinhas de imagem
- Sempre que uma questo trouxer para voc uma figura ou imagem, atente-se! Busque entender o que
ela representa e o contexto em que est inserida, no v pelo bvio, nem sempre as coisas so o que parecem
ser;
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# Falsos cognatos
- Sem dvida devemos tomar cuidado com falsos cognatos, principalmente nos idiomas. Por exemplo:
no confunda college (ingls) com colgio (portugus). O significado correto faculdade e colgio em ingls
high school. J no espanhol no confunda cuello (espanhol) com coelho (portugus), pois o correto pescoo.
# Interprete o texto
- As provas agora abordam muito interpretao de texto, incentivam o aprendizado e o pensamento,
portanto saiba entender o que est sendo passado, qual a ideia principal e como o assunto se enquadra no
contexto geral;
# No enrosque
- Caso tenha alguma palavra no texto que voc desconhea, no fique preso a ela. Tente entender todo o
contexto. Pode ter certeza de que apenas uma palavra no far diferena. Lembre-se do tempo e da quantidade de questes que voc ter pela frente;
# Leia o principal
- Antes de ler o texto, leia as perguntas referentes a ele. Com isso, voc no s saber o que procurar
como j ter ideia do que o texto aborda. Em seguida, leia o texto, j procurando a resposta especfica para
a questo;
# Treine
O que contribui muito para o seu bom desempenho o treino, portanto procure provas antigas e tente
resolver as questes e faa simulados, sempre marcando seu tempo, pois ele ser precioso no dia da prova.
ingls
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Mdulo 1
CAPTULO 1 - GRAMMAR
Pronouns
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Personal Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
subject form
object form
possessive adjective
possessive pronoun
me
my
mine
myself
you
you
your
yours
yourself
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
A pronoun usually refers to something already mentioned in a sentence or piece of text. They are used instead
of nouns to prevent repetition of the noun to which they refer. One of the most common pronouns is it.
Example (Singular):
Without a pronoun: The train was late, the train had been delayed. (Sounds horrid, doesnt it?)
With a pronoun: The train was late, it had been delayed. (Much better!)
In this example the train is singular, therefore the pronoun must be singular also - it.
Example (Plural):
Without a pronoun: The trains were late, the trains had been delayed. (Still sounds horrid, doesnt it?)
With a pronoun: The trains were late, they had been delayed. (Much better!)
In this example the trains are plural, therefore the pronoun must be plural also - they.
Personal Pronouns - Subject
Replace the words in brackets by the correct personal pronouns. Note that Sue is the person speaking. The
(*) means that you are asked a question.
My name is Sue. (Sue) _____________am English. And this is my family.
My mums name is Angie. (Angie) ____________is from Germany.
Bob is my dad. (My dad) ____________is a waiter.
On the left you can see Simon. (Simon) ___________is my brother.
(Sue and Simon) _______________are twins.
Our dog is a girl, Judy. (Judy) ____________is two years old.
(Sue, Simon, Angie and Bob) ____________live in Canterbury.
(Canterbury) ____________is not far from London.
My grandparents live in London. (My grandparents) ____________often come and see us.
What can (*)____________tell me about your family?
Personal Pronouns Object
Aaron was on a business trip to California. He shows you the souvenirs he got for his family.
Fill in the correct pronouns.
ingls
extensivo
My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) her.
My children like Disney films. The video is for (they)___________.
My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for (he)____________.
My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they)____________.
I like watches. This nice watch is for (I)____________.
My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for (we)_______________.
My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for (he)_____________.
My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is for (she)______________.
Here is another souvenir. I dont know what to do with (it)_______________.
You know what? - Its for (you)_______________.
Possessive Adjectives
Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives.
Where are (you) your friends now?
Here is a postcard from (I) __________friend Peggy.
She lives in Australia now with (she) ____________family.
(She) ___________husband works in Newcastle.
(He) ____________company builds ships.
(They) ___________children go to school in Newcastle.
(I) _____________husband and I want to go to Australia, too.
We want to see Peggy and (she) ____________family next winter.
(We) _______________winter!
Because it is (they) ____________summer.
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Possessive Pronouns
Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns.
This book is (you) yours.
The ball is (I)____________.
The blue car is (we)_____________.
The ring is (she)____________.
We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they)____________.
The luggage is (he)_____________.
The pictures are (she)____________.
In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it)_________________.
This cat is (we)_____________.
This was not my fault. It was (you)________________.
Reflexive Pronouns
Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns.
I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO myself.
The girl looked at ____________in the mirror.
Freddy, youll have to do your homework________________.
You dont need to help them. They can do it_______________.
I introduced ___________to my new neighbour.
Boys, can you make your beds_______________?
She made ____________a pullover.
What happens when a fighting fish sees ______________in the mirror?
The father decided to repair the car________________.
We can move the table__________________.
ingls
extensivo
Verb Tenses
TENSE
AFFIRMATIVE/NEGATIVE/
QUESTION
USE
A:He speaks.
N:He does not speak.
Q:Does he speak?
facts
actions taking place one after
another
Present
Progressive
A: He is speaking.
N:He is not speaking.
Q:Is he speaking?
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Simple Past
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
SIGNAL WORDS
yesterday, 2 minutes
ago, in 1990, the other
day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If I
talked,)
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
Present Perfect
Simple
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?
Present Perfect
Progressive
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
the present
ingls
extensivo
Past Perfect
Progressive
Future I Simple
AFFIRMATIVE/NEGATIVE/
QUESTION
USE
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
spontaneous decision
assumption with regard to the
future
SIGNAL WORDS
in a year, next,
tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I (If you ask
her, she will help you.)
assumption: I think,
probably, we might,
perhaps
Future I Simple
(going to)
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to
speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
Future I
Progressive
A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be
speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
Future II
Simple
Future II
Progressive
Conditional I
Simple
A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
Conditional I
Progressive
A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be
speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?
Conditional II
Simple
Conditional II
Progressive
by Monday, in a week
if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would
go home.)
ingls
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TENSE
extensivo
Verb Tense Final Test
Cumulative Verb Tense Review
Complete questions 1-10 below with the appropriate tenses, answer questions 11-15.
1. When Carol (call) _______________last night, I (watch) __________my favorite show on television.
2. I (work) __________for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire!
3. Sharon (love) __________to travel. She (go) _________________abroad almost every summer. Next year, she
plans to go to Peru.
4. Thomas is an author. He (write) _____________mystery novels and travel memoirs. He (write) ____________
since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) ________________seven novels, three collections of short stories and a book of poetry.
5. We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we (get) ____________to the train station, Susan
(wait) _____________for us for more than two hours.
6. Sam (try) __________to change a light bulb when he (slip) _________and (fell)___________.
7. Everyday I (wake) _________up at 6 oclock, (eat) ___________breakfast at 7 oclock and (leave) ________
for work at 8 oclock. However, this morning I (get) ______up at 6:30, (skip) ______breakfast and (leave)
___________for work late because I (forget) __________to set my alarm.
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8. Right now, Jim (read) ___________the newspaper and Kathy (make) ___________dinner. Last night at this
time, they (do) ____________the same thing. She (cook) ___________and he (read) _____________the newspaper. Tomorrow at this time, they (do, also) __________the same thing. She (prepare) ___________dinner and
he (read)____________. They are very predictable people!
9. By this time next summer, you (complete) ____________your studies and (find) ___________a job. I, on
the other hand, (accomplish, not) ________________anything. I (study, still) _______________and you (work)
______________in some new high paying job.
10. The students (be, usually) _________________taught by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they (teach)
____________________taught by Mr. Tan
11.
Jane talks on the phone.
Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mary is talking on the phone.
Who is not necessarily on the phone now? _____________
12.
Im going to make dinner for Frank.
Im making dinner for Judy.
Ill make dinner for Mary.
I make dinner for Ted.
I will be making dinner for Tony.
Who are you offering to make dinner for? _______________
ingls
extensivo
13.
Jane left when Tim arrived.
Bob left when Tim had arrived.
Tim arrived when Mary was leaving.
John had left when Tim arrived.
After Tim arrived, Frank left.
Who did not run into Tim? ________________
14.
Jane is talking in class.
Bob always talks in class.
Mary is always talking in class.
Whose action bothers you? ___________________
15.
Jane never left Jamestown.
Bob has never left Jamestown.
Who is still alive? ___________________
clean
cleaner
cleanest
new
newer
newest
cheap
cheaper
cheapest
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dirtier
dirtiest
easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest
pretty
prettier
prettiest
cleverer
cleverest
simpler
simplest
narrower
narrowest
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ingls
extensivo
Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est
large
larger
largest
big
bigger
biggest
sad
sadder
saddest
dirty
dirtier
dirtiest
shy
shyer
shyest
(except
some
adjectives
with
two
syllables
see
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C - Irregular adjectives
good
better
best
bad
worse
worst
much
more
most
uncountable nouns
many
more
most
countable nouns
little
less
least
little
smaller
smallest
D - Special adjectives
Some ajdectives have two possible forms of comparison.
common
likely
pleasant
polite
simple
stupid
subtle
subtlest
sure
ingls
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extensivo
Difference in meaning with adjectives:
far
late
old
near
farther
farthest
distance
further
furthest
distance or time
later
latest
latter
last
older
oldest
elder
eldest
people (family)
nearer
nearest
distance
next
order
Put in the adjective in bold from the first sentence into the second sentence in its correct form (comparative or
superlative).
Example: I have a fast car, but my friend has a ______ car.
Answer: I have a fast car, but my friend has a faster car.
2) Here is Emily. Shes six years old. Her brother is nine, so he is_____________.
3) This is a difficult exercise. But the exercise with an asterisk (*) is the _________________exercise on the
worksheet.
4) He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the _____________hobby in the world.
5) In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even ____________one last weekend.
6) School is boring, but homework is _________________than school.
7) Skateboarding is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is ________________than skateboarding.
8) This magazine is cheap, but that one is_______________________.
9) We live in a small house, but my grandparents house is even __________________than ours.
10) Yesterday John told me a funny joke. This joke was the ________________joke Ive ever heard.
Linking Verbs
Por linking verbs entende-se os verbos que, basicamente, fazem a ligao entre o sujeito da sentena e o que
se diz do sujeito.
Os verbos mais comuns so: be, seem, look, feel, appear, become, grow, sound, taste, go, get, smell, prove.
Exemplos:
I am proud of my students. achievements.
All the participants seemed happy.
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ingls
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extensivo
The class activity proved to be interesting.
It is becoming darker and darker. Let.s take a cab!
His idea sounds good, doesnt it?
This pasta tastes awful. Whats wrong with it?
After the crash of the Concorde, everybody wants to know what went wrong and what the future of supersonic
travel is.
Some people say this world is going crazy.
My ancestors were farmers.
I am getting hungry. How about going to the school cafeteria?
Contrary to parents expectations, the two brothers became Catholic priests.
Betty seems (to be) the ideal person to look after (take care of) the children.
A new supermarket has been built round the corner. (Passive Voice)
A: What does your brother do for a living?
B: Dont you know? He is a physician (doctor of medicine).
Auxiliary verbs
Vo ajudar dar sentido ao verbo principal. So eles:
a. am, is, are, was, were
b. have, has
c. do, does, did
d. will
Exemplos:
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Modals
1) can
Use
Examples
request
offer
suggestion
possibility
ingls
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extensivo
2) could
Use
Examples
polite question *
polite request *
polite offer *
polite suggestion *
possibility *
3) may
Use
Examples
possibility
polite suggestion
Use
Examples
hesitant offer *
5) must
Use
Examples
force, necessity
possibility
advice, recommendation
Examples
prohibition
7) need not
Use
Examples
not necessary
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ingls
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4) might
extensivo
Modal Verb
Substitute
Example
must
to have to
must not
not to be allowed to
can
to be able to
may
to be allowed to
need
to have to
need not
not to have to
shall / should/
ought to
to be supposed to / to be
expected to / to be to
Use modal verbs where possible. If a modal verb cant be used with a certain tense, use its substitute.
You (must) must get up early tomorrow.
You (not / need) ______________call a baby sitter.
We (may) _______________watch the film tonight.
He (not / can) ____________see me yesterday.
She (must) _____________stay at school yesterday afternoon.
(may / you) ______________go to the disco yesterday?
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ingls
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extensivo
Anotaes:
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ingls
Ingls
Fsica
Mdulo 1
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ingls
atual - current
Advert - notar
Alms - esmola
almas - souls
amassar - to crush
Anthem hino
Apologize desculpar-se
17
extensivo
Example:
avalivel - ratable
Avocado abacate
advogado - lawyer
balco - counter
Example:
The legendary balcony where Juliet Capulet is said
to have pined for Romeo is one of the most visited
sites in Italy.
(A lendria sacada onde dizem que Julieta Capuleto
sentiu saudades de Romeu uma das mais
visitadas da Itlia.)
Barracks caserna, quartel
barraca - tent
bife - steak
Brand marca
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ingls
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extensivo
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campo - field
candura - candidness
Cargo - carga
carto - card
casualidade - chance
Cigar charuto
cigarro - cigarette
College faculdade
colgio - school
comodidade - convenience
Confident - confiante
confidente - confidant
construir - to build
Example:
Two of the convicts have escaped from
prison.
(Dois dos prisioneiros escaparam da
priso.)
Costume - fantasia (traje), traje tpico
curso - course
ingls
19
extensivo
Dairy - laticnios, fbrica de laticnios
data - date
decepo - disappointment
dente - tooth
Example:
Dependable - confivel
designar - to appoint
Devolve - transferir
Divert desviar
Diversion - desvio
Doze - cochilar
efetivo permanent
Engross monopolizar
enrolar to roll
estado state
estranho strange
Eventually finalmente
eventualmente occasionally
exigncia demand
Exit sada
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ingls
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extensivo
Exquisite refinado, requintado, seleto,
belo, fino
Example:
There is an exquisite lampshade in the living
room.
(H uma abajur refinado na sala de estar.)
Fabric tecido
Fate destino
Figure nmero
figura picture
File arquivo
genial brilliant
gracioso graceful
gratuito free
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Example:
I have a gripe about the service here.
(Tenho uma queixa sobre o servio daqui.)
Hazard risco, perigo, arriscar, colocar em risco
Examples:
The commander was hazarding the health of his crew.
(O comandante estava colocando em risco a sade de sua
tripulao.)
ingls
Hostage refm
hspede guest
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extensivo
Idioms expresses idiomticas
idiomas - languages
Income tax return declarao de imposto income tax refund - devoluo do imposto
de renda
de renda
Inhabitable habitvel
inabitvel - uninhabitable
Example:
Venus is the second-most inhabitable planet in
our solar system.
(Vnus o segundo planeta mais habitvel do
nosso sistema solar.)
Injury ferimento
entender - to understand
Jar - pote
gesto - gesture
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*Cuidado para no confundir ingenious (hbil, engenhoso) com ingenuous, que tem o mesmo sentido da palavra
naive (ingnuo) em ingls. Muitos native speakers (falantes nativos) do preferncia para a palavra de origem
francesa naive quando querem se referir a algum ingnuo(a).
jornal - newspaper
Lamp - luminria
Large - grande, espaoso, amplo
Example:
A man with a large family needs a large house.
(Um homem com uma famlia grande precisa
de uma casa espaosa.)
22
leitura - reading
legado - legacy
Legend lenda
legenda - subtitles
Library biblioteca
Limp - claudicao
limpo - clean
ingls
extensivo
licor - liqueur
Location localizao
locao - rental
Lunch almoo
lanche - snack
Magazine revista
Mayor prefeito
maior - bigger
Mascara - rmel
mscara - mscara
matar - to kill
medicina - medicine
miservel (avarento, sovina) - mean
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Moisture - umidade
Motto - lema
moto - motorcycle
notcia - news
Novel - romance
Example:
I rented an office in the new building.
(Aluguei um escritrio no prdio novo.)
ingls
23
extensivo
Parent pai ou me
parente - relative
frase - sentence
Physician mdico
fsico - physicist
pipa - kite
porco - pig
Port - porto
porta - door
Prejudice - preconceito
Preservative - conservante
preservativo - condom
pretender - to intend
prprio - own
Pull - puxar
pular - to jump
Push - empurrar
puxar - to pull
24
recipiente - container
ingls
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presentemente, atualmente - at
present, now, today
extensivo
Reclaim recuperar
Example: A wallet has been found and can be
reclaimed at the managers office.
(Foi encontrada uma carteira, que pode ser recuperar
no escritrio do gerente.)
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Robbery assalto
ingls
Senior - idoso
Sensible sensato
sensvel - sensitive
Service - atendimento
servio - job
chute - kick
Spectacles - culos
Stranger - desconhecido
super(mercado) - supermarket,
market
25
extensivo
Support - apoiar
slaba - syllable
simptico - nice
Sympathize - compadecer-se,
mostrar-se compreensivo
Example: You must sympathize
with the widow.
Tax - imposto
tentar - to try
treinador - coach
Vegetables - verduras,
legumes
vegetais - plants
ventura (felicidade)
good luck
26
happiness,
ingls
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extensivo
Vine - videira
vinho - wine
* Usa-se theft no sentido de furto: ato que acontece quando ningum v e no h violncia. Usa-se robbery
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ingls
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extensivo
Anotaes:
28
ingls
Ingls
Fsica
Mdulo 1
CAPTULO 3 - tips
A compreenso do texto dispensa a traduo palavra por palavra. O uso excessivo do dicionrio implica em
perda de tempo. necessrio o uso constante dr raciocnio para analisar, deduzir e concluir satisfatoriamente.
Sempre que voc for ler um texto instrumental, no caso um texto em lngua estrangeira, deve:
1 - No usar o dicionrio nesse primeiro momento.
2 - Atentar para a apresentao visual do texto.
3 Atentar para o ttulo do texto (traduza-o se for preciso, pois h sempre uma correlao entre ttulo e assunto
do texto)
4 Fazer um brainstorme do ttulo (todos os possveis assuntos que podem aparecer no texto), utilizando o seu
previous Knowledge (o que voc sabe sobre o assunto).
5 Fazer uma previso dos possveis assuntos a serem tratados no texto (prediction).
6 Ler o texto do comeo ao fim, partindo do geral para o especfico, atentando para:
6.1 as palavras transparentes (cognates words).
6.2 as palavras conhecidas (palavras que voc j sabe em ingls).
7 Inferir as palavras apenas pelos seus contextos, sem a ajuda de um dicionrio.
8 Depois de ter lido todo o texto, voc deve ler cada pargrafo novamente, atentando para o tpico frasal de
cada pargrafo.
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9 Voc deve usar o dicionrio apenas para entender as palavras mais importantes de cada pargrafo.
Dependendo do objetivo da leitura, voc dever distinguir trs nveis de compreenso:
_ General comprehension: obtida atravs de uma leitura rpida para se captar as informaes genricas do
texto, ou seja, o que de maior relevncia para o texto.
_ Main points comprehension: A leitura dos pontos principais exige que nos detenhamos com maior ateno
na busca das informaes principais do texto, observando cada pargrafo para identificar os dados
especficos
apli-
cada em instrues operacionais de equipamentos, experincias, etc... de modo que seu funcionamento
seja
preciso e seguro.
Maior sucesso ter o leitor no estudo do texto se fizer uso de algumas estratgias de leitura, bem como todas
as dicas que o prprio texto proporciona. Conhea a seguir alguns desses elementos.
1 Skimming: Estratgia que consiste em lanar os olhos rapidamente sobre o texto, numa breve leitura para
captar o assunto geral apenas, se esse for o objetivo da leitura.
2 Scanning: uma estratgia de leitura no-linear em que o leitor busca objetivamente localizar as
maes em que est interessado. Atravs do scanning o leitor objetivo e seletivo e nem sempre
inforprecisa ler
o texto todo.
Exemplo: a procura dos tipos de contgio da AIDS em um texto sobre doena.
3 Cognates: Muito comuns na lngua inglesa, os cognatos so termos de procedncia grega ou latina bastante
parecidos com o portugus tanto na forma escrita como no significado. Seria interessante o aluno notar que os
cognatos podem ser idnticos: radio, piano, hospital, nuclear, social, etc...
Bastante parecidos: gasoline, inflation. Intelligent, population, history, etc...
Vagamente parecidos: electricity, responsible, infalible, explain, activity, etc...
ingls
29
extensivo
4 - Repeated words: Quando certas palavras se repetem vrias vezes no texto, mesmo com formas diferentes
(exemplo socialismo, social, socialist, socialize...), normalmente so importantes para a compreenso. As palavras
repetidas aparecem especialmente na forma de verbos, substantivos e adjetivos e nem sempre so cognatas.
5 Typography: As marcas tipogrficas so elementos que, no texto, transmitem informaes nem sempre
representadas por palavras. Reconhece-las um auxlio bastante til leitura.
6 Key words: As palavras-chave so aquelas que esto mais de perto associadas especificamente ao assunto do
texto, podendo aparecer repetidas e algumas vezes na forma de sinnimos. A identificao das key words atraves
do skimming leva-nos a Ter uma viso geral do texto.
7 Prediction: a atividade pela qual o aluno levado a predizer, inferir o contedo de um texto atravs do ttulo
ou de outros elementos tipogrficos, como ilustraes, por exemplo. Sendo uma atividade do tipo pr-leitura, a
prediction contribui para estimular o interesse e a curiosidade do aluno pelo contedo de um texto que o tpico
sugere.
Quanto mais cultura geral (bacground knowlodge) tiver o leitor, mais fcil ser q sua prediction. Tomemos
como exemplo o ttulo ecologia. Um leitor com um conhecimento razovel poderia ordinariamente predizer sobre
o assunto listando palavras como: Meio-ambiente, Poluir, Desastroso, Poluentes, Matar, Devastao, Poluio, Florestas tropicais, Animais em extino, Proteger, Protestos, Chuva cida, Produtos qumicos, Natureza, Reforestar,
Envenenar, Etc... Estas palavras poderiam at no fazer parte do texto, mas muito provvel que faam. Observe
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agora o mesmo ttulo em ingls e avalie o grau de dificuldade comparado com aquele em portugus.
30
ingls
Ingls
Fsica
Mdulo 1
PALAVRAS DE FUNO
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A
about
above
acima de
after
against
contra
along
ao longo de
although
embora
and
any
qualquer, algum
around
por volta de
as
como, enquanto
as long as
enquanto
as soon as
to logo
as well as
bem como
at
a, em, no na
away
back
Before
because
porque
bebind
atrs de
between
entre
beyond
alm de
both
ambos
but
porm, mas
by
por, perto de
by the time
quando
ingls
31
extensivo
D
despite
a despeito de
down
para baixo,abaixo
due to
devido a
either
qualquer um de dois
either
either/or
um ou outro
enough
suficiente
even if
mesmo se
every time
toda vez
except
exceto
for
forward
adiante
from
de (procedncia)
if
se
in
em, dentro de
in case (that)
no caso de
in order to
a fim de
in spite of
a despeito de
inasmuch as
porque
inside
dentro
into
para dentro de
just as
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32
ingls
extensivo
L
like
como, semelhante ao
near
perto
neither
nenhum de dois
nevertheless
no obstante
next to
ao lado de
Nonetheless
no obstante
nor
nem
of
de
Off
On
sobre
once
uma vez
only if
s se
opposite
oposto
or
Or
otherwise
de outra forma
out
fora, exterior
over
provided that
se
providing that
se
rather than
ao invs de
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ingls
33
extensivo
S
since
desde,porque
so
so long as
enquanto
a ltima vez
a prxima vez
therefore
portanto
though
embora
through
atravs at
till
at
to
para, at a
trabalhar
towards
em direo
twice
duas vezes
under
debaixo de
unless
a menos que
until
at
up
upon
sobre, em cima
what
o que
when
quando
whenever
where
onde
whereas
whether or not
which
qual
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34
ingls
extensivo
while
enquanto
who
quem
whom
quem (objeto)
why
por que
with
com
within
dentro de
without
sem
yet
VERBOS IRREGULARES
Base
Past
Past
Portuguese
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arise
arose
arisen
surgir, erguer-se
awake
awoke
awoken
despertar
be
was, were
been
ser, estar
bear
bore
borne
beat
beat
beaten
bater
become
became
become
tornar-se
befall
befell
befallen
acontecer
beget
begot
begotten, begot
procriar, gerar
begin
began
begun
comear
behold
beheld
beheld
contemplar
bend
bent
bent
curvar
bet
bet
bet
apostar
bid
bid
bid
bind
bound
bound
unir, obrigar-se
bite
bit
bitten
morder
bleed
bled
bled
blow
blew
blown
assoprar, explodir
break
broke
broken
quebrar
breed
bred
bred
procriar, reproduzir
bring
brought
brought
trazer
broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
irradiar, transmitir
build
built
built
construir
buy
bought
bought
comprar
cast
cast
cast
atirar, deitar
catch
caught
caught
pegar, capturar
choose
chose
chosen
escolher
ingls
35
extensivo
Base
Past
Past
Portuguese
36
cling
clung
clung
aderir, segurar-se
come
came
come
vir
cost
cost
cost
custar
creep
crept
crept
rastejar
cut
cut
cut
cortar
deal
dealt
dealt
negociar, tratar
dig
dug
dug
cavocar
do
did
done
fazer **
draw
drew
drawn
tracionar, desenhar **
drink
drank
drunk
beber
drive
drove
driven
dirigir, ir de carro
eat
ate
eaten
comer
fall
fell
fallen
cair
feed
fed
fed
alimentar
feel
felt
felt
sentir, sentir-se
fight
fought
fought
lutar
find
found
found
achar, encontrar
flee
fled
fled
fugir, escapar
fling
flung
flung
arremessar
fly
flew
flown
voar, pilotar
forbid
forbade
forbidden
proibir
forget
forgot
forgot, forgotten
esquecer
forgive
forgave
forgiven
perdoar
freeze
froze
frozen
congelar, paralisar
get
got
gotten, got
obter **
give
gave
given
dar
go
went
gone
ir
grind
ground
ground
moer
grow
grew
grown
crescer, cultivar
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
ouvir
hide
hid
hidden, hid
esconder
hit
hit
hit
bater
hold
held
held
segurar
hurt
hurt
hurt
machucar
keep
kept
kept
guardar, manter
know
knew
known
saber, conhecer
lay
laid
laid
pr na horizontal,
lead
led
led
liderar
leave
left
left
deixar, partir
lend
lent
lent
dar emprestado
let
let
let
deixar, alugar
lie
lay
lain
deitar
lose
lost
lost
perder, extraviar
make
made
made
fazer, fabricar **
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
encontrar, conhecer
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ingls
extensivo
Base
Past
Past
Portuguese
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overcame
overcome
superar
overtake
overtook
overtaken
alcanar, surpreender
pay
paid
paid
pagar
put
put
put
colocar
quit
quit
quit
abandonar
read
read
read
ler
ride
rode
ridden
andar
ring
rang
rung
rise
rose
risen
subir, erguer-se
run
ran
run
saw
sawed
sawn
serrar
say
said
said
dizer
see
saw
seen
ver
seek
sought
sought
sell
sold
sold
vender
send
sent
sent
mandar
set
set
set
pr em condio, marcar **
shake
shook
shaken
sacudir, tremer
shed
shed
shed
shine
shone
shone
brilhar, reluzir
shoot
shot
shot
atirar, alvejar
show
showed
shown
mostrar, exibir
shrink
shrank
shrunk
encolher, contrair
shut
shut
shut
fechar, cerrar
sing
sang
sung
cantar
sink
sank
sunk
afundar, submergir
sit
sat
sat
sentar
slay
slew
slain
matar, assassinar
sleep
slept
slept
dormir
slide
slid
slid
deslizar, escorregar
sling
slung
slung
atirar, arremessar
speak
spoke
spoken
falar
spend
spent
spent
gastar
spin
spun
spun
fiar, rodopiar
spit
spit, spat
spit, spat
cuspir
spread
spread
spread
espalhar
spring
sprang
sprung
fazer saltar
stand
stood
stood
parar de p, agentar
steal
stole
stolen
roubar
stick
stuck
stuck
sting
stung
stung
picar (inseto)
stink
stank
stunk
cheirar mal
strike
struck
struck
string
strung
strung
encordoar, amarrar
strive
strove
striven
esforar-se, lutar
swear
swore
sworn
sweep
swept
swept
varrer
ingls
37
extensivo
Base
Past
Past
Portuguese
swam
swum
nadar
swing
swung
swung
balanar, alternar
take
took
taken
tomar **
teach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
rasgar, despedaar
tell
told
told
contar
think
thought
thought
pensar
throw
threw
thrown
atirar, arremessar
tread
trod
trodden
pisar, trilhar
undergo
underwent
undergone
submeter-se a, suportar
understand
understood
understood
entender
uphold
upheld
upheld
sustentar, apoiar,
wear
wore
worn
win
won
won
vencer, ganhar
wind
wound wound
write
wrote
escrever, redigir
written
** verbos de significado mltiplo, que podem mudar consideravelmente de significado, conforme a frase em
que ocorrerem. Em maior ou menor grau, a maioria dos significados em portugus fornecidos acima servem apenas como indicativo aproximado e provvel. O significado exato vai sempre depender do contexto em que ocorrerem os verbos.
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disappoint (desapontar)
agree (concordar)
disagree (desconcordar)
advantage (vantagem)
disadvantage (desvantagem)
count (contar)
discount (descontar)
cover (cobrir)
discover (descobrir)
honest (honesto)
dishonest (deshonesto)
loyal (leal)
disloyal (desleal)
obey (obedecer)
disobey (desobedecer)
38
perfect (perfeito)
imperfect (imperfeito)
permeable (permevel)
impermeable (impermevel)
polite (polido)
impolite (impolido)
adequade (adequado)
inadequate (inadequado)
ingls
extensivo
evitable (evitvel)
inevitable (inevitvel)
sane (so,sadio)
insane (insano,demente)
sincere (sincero)
insincere (insincero)
ilimited (ilimitado)
literate (letrado)
illiterate (analfabeto)
mortal (mortal)
immortal (imortal)
mutable (mutvel)
immutable (imutvel)
regular (regular)
irregular (irregular)
responsible (responsvel)
irresponsible (irresponsvel)
reversible (reversvel)
irreversible (irreversvel)
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unable (incapaz)
common (comum)
uncommon (incomum)
happy (feliz)
unhappy (infeliz)
done (feito)
undone (desfeito)
fair (justo)
unfair (injusto)
pleasant (agradvel)
unpleasant (desagradvel)
comfortable (confortvel)
uncomfortable (desconfortvel)
friendly (corts)
unfriendly (descorts)
to chain (acorrentar)
to unchain (desacorrentar)
to do (fazer)
to undo (desfazer)
ingls
to read (ler)
to reread (reler)
to write(escrever)
to rewrite(escrever)
to wash (lavar)
to study (estudar)
to play (tocar)
to photograph (fotografar)
39
extensivo
PREFIX (OVER) = (Indica excesso.)
overgrow
crescer demais
overgrowth
crescimento excessivo
Overcop
semear, em excesso
overbusy
demasiado ocupado
overdose
dose excessiva
overbuy
comprar em demasia
Overfull
superlotado, transbordante
oversuplly
Superabundncia
overstore
Armazenar em excesso
overhappy
feliccssimo
Adjetivo
Substantivo
sincere (sincero)
Sincerity (sinceridade)
proper (prprio)
property (propriedade)
able (hbil)
ability (habilidade)
real (real)
reality (realidade)
cruel (cruel)
cruelty (crueldade)
opportune (oportuno)
opportunity (oportunidade)
curious (curioso)
curiosity (curiosidade)
national (nacional)
nationality (nacionalidade)
loyal (leal)
loyalty (lealdade)
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40
Adjetivo
Substantivo
glad (alegre)
gladly (alegremente)
slow (lento)
slowly (lentamente)
careful (cuidadoso)
carefully (cuidadosamente)
easy (fcil)
easily (facilmente)
true (verdadeiro)
truly (verdadeiramente)
angry (raivosamente)
angrily (raivosamente)
ingls
extensivo
CUIDADO!!!
harp (rduo)
fast (rpido)
hard (arduamente)
fast (rapidamente)
SUFFIXES (FUL) = cheio de e (LESS) indica falta, ausncia (transformam substantivo em adjetivo)
use (uso) useful = til
useless = intil
cheerless = triste
careless = descuidado
harmless = inofensivo
powerless = ineficaz
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goodness (bondade)
glad (alegre)
gladness (alegria)
happy (feliz)
happiness (felicidade)
sick (doente)
sickness (doena)
ill (doente)
illness (doena)
mad (louco)
madness (loucura)
dark (escuro)
darkness (escurido)
kind (bondoso)
kindness (bondade)
weak (fraco)
weakness (fraqueza)
stubbom (teimoso)
stubborness (teimosia)
selfish (egosta)
selfishness (egosmo)
ingls
rain (chuva)
rainy (chuvoso)
cloud (nuvem)
cloudy (nublado)
star (estrela)
starry (estrelado)
fog (neblina)
foggy (nebuloso)
ice (gelo)
icy (gelado)
sun (sol)
sunny (ensolarado)
41
extensivo
wind (vento)
windy (ventoso)
greed (ambio)
greedy (ambicioso)
sand (areia)
sandy (arenoso)
water (gua)
watery (quoso)
snow (neve)
snowy (nevado)
blood (sangue)
bloody(ensangentado)
noise (rudo)
noisy (ruidoso)
to teach (ensinar)
teacher (professor)
to hunt (caar)
hunter (caador)
to drive (dirigir)
driver (motorista)
to dive (mergulhar)
diver (mergulhador)
to sail (navegar)
sailor (marinheiro)
to visit (visitar)
visitor (visitante)
to lie (mentir)
liar (mentiroso)
to beg (mendigar)
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SUFFIXES: - ER, -OR, -AR (Indicam a pessoa ou coisa que faz a ao do verbo.)
to brighten (claro)
dark (escuro)
to darken (escuro)
weak (fraco)
to waken (fraco)
loose (frouxo)
to loosen (afrouxar)
sick (doente)
fast (apertado,fixo)
to fasten (apertar,fixar)
tight (apertado,esticado)
to tighten (apertar,esticar)
soft (mole,suave)
to soften (amolecer,suavizar)
42
actor (ator)
actress (atriz)
god (Deus)
goddess (Deusa)
prince (prncipe)
princess (princesa)
ingls
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extensivo
duke (duque)
duchess (duquesa)
emperor (imperador)
empress (imperatriz)
host (anfitrio)
hostess (anfitri)
waiter (garon)
waitress (garonete)
tiger (tigre)
tigress (tigresa)
lion (leo)
lioness (leoa)
mister (senhor)
mistress (senhora)
master (mestre)
mistress (mestra)
jew (judeu)
jewess (judia)
wizard (feiticeiro)
- witch (bruxa)
son (filho)
- daughter (filha)
son-in-law (genro)
godfather (padrinho)
- godmother (madrinha)
stepfather (padrasto)
- stepmother (madrasta)
stepson (enteado)
- stepdaughter
godson (afilhado)
goddaugther (afilhada)
ingls
artist
- artista
fool
- tolo(a), bobo(a)
musician
- msico
servant
- servo
foreigner
- estrangeiro
neighbor
- vizinho(a)
speaker
- orador(a)
cook
- cozinheiro(a)
friend
- amigo(a)
student
- estudante
criminal
- criminoso(a)
guest
- convidado(a), hspede
writer
- escritor(a)
43
extensivo
doctor
- doutor(a)
teacher
- professor(a)
- dangerous (perigoso)
Courage (coragem)
- courageous (corajoso)
Fame (fama)
- famous (famoso)
Humor (humor)
- humorous (humoroso)
Malice (malcia)
- malicious (malicioso)
44
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ingls
Ingls
Fsica
Mdulo 1
UFMG 2009
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the statement in each question.
TEXT 1 Questions from 01 to 04
Promoting a Global Dialogue on Water
05
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Question 01
According to the text, we CANNOT say that water scarcity, worldwide,
A) has affected businesses.
B) has been debated lately.
C) has improved the climate.
D) has had social implications.
Question 02
The word does (line 15) can be best interpreted as
A) catalyzes effective action.
B) challenges the adaptation.
C) innovates partnerships.
D) plays an important role.
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Question 03
The organization of this text is in the form of
A) arguments for and against.
B) hyphotesis and proof.
C) problem and solution.
D) sequence of descriptions.
Question 04
We can say that the text argues in favor of
A) adaptation.
B) financing.
C) opportunities.
D) partnerships.
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is lazy or does not work hard. The beautiful Italian city of Venice
was built on revenue from the salt trade. Roman soldiers were
partially paid in the mineral known as salarium argentum, out
of which comes the common English word salary. References
to salt abound in languages around the globe, especially where
30
salt is important to food. From the Latin sal, for example, come
such words for preserved foods as sauce and sausage.
Costin, Helen. Modern English Digest, 2005. v. 3, p. 8-11. (Adapted)
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QUESTION 05
According to the text, we canot say that
A) all countries distribute salt.
B) salt is an economic resource.
C) there are many types of salt.
D) we do not survive without salt.
QUESTION 06
From the text, we can infer that salt
A) has become a reference in cooking.
B) has been found to be unlimited.
C) has debatable physiological action.
D) has influenced social practices.
QUESTION 07
According to the text, the process to obtain salt has been
A) mistakenly adapted from old medicine.
B) nearly the same for thousands of years.
C) sometimes described in literary texts.
D) strictly related to agricultural strategies.
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QUESTION 08
According to the text, the word deemed (line 22) means nearly the same as
A) considered.
B) imagined.
C) neglected.
D) pretended.
GABARITO
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08
C
D
C
D
A
D
B
A
UFES 2009
Brazil: The Giant Down South
If Barack Obama came to visit Brazil and he should we would impress him
with our bigness in everything. We might even cause him to ponder just what all this
bigness and ambition means for the United States.
If Obama came, we would show him not just a good time, but a great time. He
could join the biggest party on earth (Carnaval) or go to the biggest football stadium
in the world (Maracan) to watch the biggest, or at least the winningest, national
team in action. We would awe Obama with our geography. Were bi-hemispherical,
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crossed by the equator on top and laying our feet near the South Pole. We can sweat and freeze at the same
time. We occupy more than half of South America, we have the biggest river and the biggest iron-ore reserves
on earth, and might just become one of the worlds leading exporters of oil in the not-so-distant future. And if
that doesnt work or if our oil runs out we will surely become the leading producer of biofuel. Our reputation
for ethnic harmony is a bit undeserved but, still, ours is the biggest experiment in racial integration and miscegenation in history. We have a big, leftist (more or less) government but also a capitalist economy and are on
the way to developing a big popular consumer market for our own products and for imports. We also have the
widest spread between rich and poor in the world, however, along with the ugliest shantytowns and probably the
worst corruption scandals. When not having fun or being awed, Obama would have much to think about. He may
see us as a semitropical China, a giant stretching its limbs and demanding attention but a different kind of
attention than it got in the past. He may notice that we have Americanized, or McDonaldized, to a high degree,
but notice, too, a sense in the land that its time our bigness started to pay off and deliver on the future it promised. This might mean standing up like a giant in defiance of old attitudes and submissions. Obama might view
moderate Brazil as a good ally against the radical populists popping up throughout the continent in the wake of
failed neoliberal economics, or he may see us as an emerging geopolitical threat. There are people in Brazil who
are sure that the United States is redeploying the Fourth Fleet to the South Atlantic just to show us whos really
big. We have big ambitions but big paranoia, too.
(Verssimo, Luis Fernando. Newsweek, 28-07-2008.)
QUESTO 01
Se viesse ao Brasil, Barack Obama
A) aprenderia a jogar futebol.
B) deveria tambm visitar o Equador.
C) no se entusiasmaria com o nosso Carnaval.
D) se impressionaria com a grandeza do pas.
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QUESTO 05
O ttulo do texto faz meno ao ___________ e ____________ do Brasil.
A) analfabetismo / economia.
B) clima / beleza.
C) relevo / diversidade.
D) povo / pobreza.
E) tamanho / localizao.
GABARITO
01
02
03
04
05
D
B
D
A
E
UFOP 2009-1
Questes de 01 a 07
Read the text carefully and answer the questions according to it.
Denmark worlds happiest nation
Denmark is the happiest country in the world, according to the latest World Values Survey pubTF1-2011 - REPRODUO PROIBIDA: Art. 184 do Cdigo Penal e Lei 9.610 de fevereiro de 1998 - www.gaussprevestibular.com.br
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The study also found that the countries at the bottom of the list all struggle with widespread poverty or authoritarian governments.
Zimbabwe, which is gripped by hyperinflation and has recently seen a controversial presidential election
marred by violence, was found to be the least happy nation amongst the countries covered by the survey.
(Disponvel em: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/in_depth/7487143.stm. Acesso em: 04 set. 2008)
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C) the top three countries.
D) the countries in between.
GABARITO
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B
C
D
C
A
B
A
UFVJM 2009-1
Instructions: Read the text carefully and then choose the alternative which correctly completes the following
statements.
Text 1 . Questions 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Last Updated: Tuesday August 05200814
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Cars are expensive to run and bad for the environment, but some scientists
think they can change all that by using RUBBISH to power them.
They.ve found a way to turn some of the stuff we throw away into something
called bio-ethanol, which can be mixed in with petrol and used in cars.
The scientists say it.s a more environmentally friendly way of getting about,
and helps get rid of rubbish.
They think a million tonnes of rubbish could run more than a million cars.
For the last 15 years they.ve been experimenting with turning bio-degradable
rubbish - like paper and vegetable waste - into fuel.
They.ve found a way of doing it by heating it up to a really high temperature.
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He said the bio-ethanol gives off 90% less greenhouse gasses than petrol, and helps get rid of waste.
Access: 21st August, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_7540000/newsid_7543500/7543588.stm
Question 01
In this report the author.s main purpose is to
a) convince people that bio-ethanol is inappropriate to use.
b) advise people to use bio-ethanol made from sugar-cane.
c) inform people that rubbish can be used as car fuel.
d) suggest people to buy cars which use bio-ethanol fuel.
Question 02
The word .stuff. on line 3 refers to
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a) bio-ethanol.
b) rubbish.
c) petrol.
d) gas supplies.
Question 03
To produce bio-ethanol with rubbish, scientists use
a) any kind of waste.
b) only plastic and aluminum.
c) plants grown in fields.
d) paper and vegetable waste.
Question 04
In some countries, especially in Brazil, people have been already making bio-ethanol using
a) crops.
b) rubbish.
c) paper and vegetable waste.
d) bacteria or bugs.
TEXT 2 . Questions 5, 6 and 7.
Last Updated: Friday August 15 2008 14:38 GMT
Mars robots put to the test
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Two new robots are being put through their paces to see if they.re up to the
job of being blasted into space to find out if there really is life on Mars.
Nicknamed Bruno and Bradley, the robots are the latest test models for a
European rover that.s expected to land on the red planet in seven year.s
time.
Engineers say the six-wheeled robots created for the ExoMars mission are
the toughest ever built.
It.s thought they.ll be able to go where no other rover has gone before.
Each robot can turn all six wheels, move sideways like a crab and even
tackle really steep or slippery slopes.
They do it by anchoring themselves with five of their wheels and then inching
each wheel forward one at a time to crawl over obstacles.
Access: 21st August, 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_7560000/newsid_7563400/7563477.stm
Grossary:
Rover: viagem
Slopes: ladeiras
Tackle: enfrentar
Anchor: ancorar
Steep: ingreme
Inch: mover
Slippery: escorregadio
Crawl: mover
Question 05
The expression .put through their paces. (line 1) means
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a) built.
b) tested.
c) fixed.
d) measured.
Question 06
According to the text, the new robots will be up to all these jobs, EXCEPT
a) dealing with problems of smooth or sharply sloping surfaces.
b) moving sidewalks like a kind of animal.
c) crawling over obstacles without any help.
d) blasting into open space by themselves.
Question 07
According to the engineers who created the robots they are the toughest ever built. They mean theses robots
are
a) the latest test models created for an European mission.
b) the test models that will land on Mars in seven year.s time.
c) the strongest and most difficult to damage robots already created.
d) the only robots that will find out if there really is life on Mars.
GABARITO
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B
D
A
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UFTM 2009
Leia o texto para responder s questes de nmeros 01 a 05.
The current effort on the part of physicists to resolve the contradictions between quantum mechanics
and Einsteins general theory of relativity is not, for most people, something that would spring to mind as a
promising subject for a ballet. But it is the subject of Karole Armitages new work, inspired by the physicist
Brian Greenes popular book (and PBS TV series) The Elegant Universe, and, come to think of it, Armitages
fireand-ice style is a good fit for these awesome matters. Her piece, a collaboration with the composer Lukas
Ligeti, will be given a preview this weekend at the Guggenheim Museum, as part of its Works & Process
series. On Saturday, Greene and on Friday, his colleague Jim Gates will be on hand to tell us about cuttingedge trends in physics. If you flunked in college, heres your chance. After the show, you can meet the
participants, and have free sandwiches, at a reception in the museums rotunda, which itself looks like something out of theoretical physics.
(Joan Acocella The New Yorker, June 2, 2008)
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Para responder s questes de nmeros 06 a 09, leia o seguinte texto.
Big-state, social-democratic Sweden seems an odd place to look for a free-market revolution. Yet that is what
is under way in the countrys schools. Reforms that came into force in 1994 allow pretty much anyone who satisfies
basic standards to open a new school and take in children at the states expense. The local municipality must pay
the school what it would have spent educating each child itself a sum of 48,000-70,000 kronor ($8,000-12,000)
a year, depending on the childs age and the schools location. Children must be admitted on a first-come, firstserved basis there must be no religious requirements or entrance exams. Nothing extra can be charged for, but
making a profit is fine.
() In just 14 years the share of Swedish children educated privately has risen from a fraction of a percent to
more than 10%.
(The Economist, June 14th-20th, 2008, p.83)
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GABARITO
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D
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D
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UNIFAL 2009-1
Looking for that first job
Question: I am a fifteen-year-old high school student
about to go into my sophomore year of high school. I
have not been able to acquire any work experience
whatsoever, ironically because I dont have any work
experience! What is a good way for me to find a first
job?
Answer: Good for you to be proactive with your job
search and income earning at a young age. You are
right, it is tough to get experience when employers
are usually able to find people with experience. What
you are facing is what most of us experienced in our
early job searches, and with persistence we
eventually landed our first jobs. Unless you have
family connections to a business where you can gain
some experience, looking for work starts with
creating a plan and getting prepared. Utilizing all
available resources will be very helpful.
Many employers are prepared to hire people that
have no previous experience for their entry-level
positions. However, you will find there is still
competition for these roles and you will need to be
able to convince an employer you are the best
candidate for the position.
You will need a polished resume and cover letter that
indicates your strengths and suitability for a
position. Resumes and cover letters are an essential
part of your job-hunting tool kit. They are the most
common instruments job seekers use to get their
foot in the door.
Early in your search you will need to determine the
type of position you would like and then what the
best entry position might be to help you get there.
With this information your next step is to look at
companies that you would be interested in working
for that have these types of entry-level positions.
Many jobs are not advertised. You can tap into this
hidden job market by networking,
knocking on doors, seeking out free employment
programs and services, searching on the internet,
attending job fairs, and marketing yourself.
Follow-up is an important element of every job
search strategy. Re-connecting with a potential
employer by mail or phone can be very effective.
If you are interested in offering a service
babysitting, yard-work, painting, etc. - you could
make up a flyer and deliver it around your
community. It may not be long-term work but it does
help you start to build your experience and can
provide potential references for you.
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1 Assinale a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto.
a) tough (line 9) means the same as hard.
b) eventually (line 13) has the same meaning as occasionally.
c) best (line 22) establishes an equality.
d) hidden (line 37) expresses a verb form.
e) long-term work (line 47) means working from 9:00am to 5:00pm.
2 No trecho However, you will find... (line 20), o termo grifado pode ser substitudo por
a) therefore.
b) provided that.
c) in spite of.
d) unless.
e) but.
3 Assinale a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto.
a) Employers can find experient people to hire.
b) Candidates for entry-positions are often high school students.
c) Part of job search strategy is to let potential employers to know your weaknesses.
d) It is easier to find a job in your own community.
e) Employers demand high qualifications for the position offered.
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d) want to start working and earn money.
e) need to be able to change the line of events.
8 Assinale a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto.
a) It is unnecessary to have a resume if you do not have formal working experience.
b) Position offered for a first job is usually badly paid.
c) Jobs are offered through employment agencies.
d) There are opportunities for entry level positions, although there is competition.
e) Independent of what company is offering the job, you should apply for it.
GABARITO
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
A
E
A
C
C
B
B
D
UFOP 2009-2
by Dian Schaffhauser
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Read the text carefully. Then choose the correct alternative for each question.
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01. To protect your privacy on the internet, you should:
A) open e-mails from unknown senders and advertisements.
B) know the source of the e-mails and files you receive.
C) avoid anti-virus protection and safety instructions.
D) download any kind of files and general pictures.
02. In terms of Internet privacy education, the research shows that students are more likely to be influenced by their:
A) teachers.
B) brothers.
C) parents.
D) peers.
03. Mark the option that is not correct in terms of grammatical and meaning construction.
A) Research on education shows signs of improvement on teens online safety.
B) Online safety of teens was shown improvement by education of research.
C) According to specific research, teens online safety is improved by education.
D) Research shows that teens online safety has been improved by education.
04. Researchers from the University at Buffalo and University of Maryland surveyed 285 preteens and early teenagers [] (lines 02-03). The word underlined in the sentence above means:
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A) interviewed.
B) pointed.
C) mentioned.
D) looked at.
05. Mark each statement with T (True) or F (False).
( ) Students who have experienced safety problems on the Internet are now more worried about online protection.
( ) Researchers found out that preteens and early teenagers who have received information on the importance of
Internet privacy are more concerned with online safety practices.
( ) Girls are less likely to protect themselves on the Internet than boys are.
The correct sequence is:
A) T F F
B) T F T
C) F T F
D) T T F
06. The research shows that educated students tend to:
A) open e-mails from known senders, protect their personal information on the Internet and download files from
strangers as well as unknown Web sites.
B) download files from people and Web sites they know, open e-mails from known senders and protect their personal information on the Internet.
C) protect their personal information on the Internet, download files from unknown people or Web sites and open
e-mails from unknown senders.
D) run risks on the Internet, only download files from family members and open emails from friends.
07. The research was financed by:
A) the University at Buffalo.
B) the scientists themselves.
C) the University of Maryland.
D) the National Science Foundation.
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GABARITO
B
C
B
A
C
B
D
01
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07
UFV 2009
If youve been shopping for food lately, I dont have to tell you that prices are going through the roof. In
some cases world prices have more than tripled in recent months, going from, in December, a price of $300
Robert Zeigler of the International Rice Research Institute is talking about rice, a basic staple food across
Asia, of course. Prices surged dramatically after China, Vietnam, and India limited exports to ensure they
had enough supplies for their own people. Other food products have also seen alarming increases.
The U.N.s Food and Agriculture Organization, the FAO, says wheat prices have doubled in Senegal.
Bread prices doubled in Tajikistan. The cost of corn in Uganda rose 65 percent in just six months. One
reason: farmers are passing on their higher costs, particularly the rising cost of energy. Fertilizers become
10
more and more unaffordable for the small farmers, who are at the center of a response to the world food
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crisis, notes Joachim von Braun, who heads the International Food Policy Research Institute in
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Washington. And transport costs have become higher and higher, so the cost side of agriculture will keep
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Other reasons for the run-up in prices include natural causes like drought and pest outbreaks and
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And as world oil prices hover around $120 a barrel, more food crops are ending up in fuel tanks. In the
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United States, about one-quarter of the corn crop is now being used to make ethanol, which is blended with
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gasoline to make a motor fuel. Soybean farmers are switching to corn, which drives up soy prices, and so
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on.
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Rising living standards also play a role. Particularly in India and China, where hundreds of millions of
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people are having access to the middle class, more people are buying more food higher up the food chain,
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We know that consumers, when they move, lets say, from $2 to $10 a day per capita, they largely
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expand the consumption of vegetables, oils, and animal products. This is happening in big countries around
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But in many cases the poorest of the poor are paying the price for the good fortune of the emerging
27
middle class.
28
Analysts like Robert Zeigler of the Rice Research Institute are starting to assess the damage. Now what
29
are the consequences of this? Well, there are some estimates that say that if present trends continue for
30
very long, we can expect 100 million people to be pushed back into poverty. And Joachim von Braun of the
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Food Policy Research Institute says that higher food prices today can cause long-term damage as people
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The high food prices lead poor people to limit their food consumption and shift to even less balanced
34
diets with harmful effects on health in the short and long run. The child who is not appropriately nourished
35
under the age of three for a couple of months will be harmed for the rest of its life.
36
The three experts spoke in a telephone conference organized by the International Agricultural Research
37
Group, whose research centers have some 8,000 scientists working on food issues.
(Adapted from http://www.voanews.com/english/Science/2008-05-09-voa21.cfm. Retrieved on May 13th, 2008.)
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Answer the following questions according to the text:
01. All of the following are causes for the increase in the prices of food, EXCEPT:
a) transportation costs.
b) advertising campaigns.
c) natural disasters.
d) higher life standards.
02. It is CORRECT to say that high oil prices make:
a) farmers use their crops to make fuel.
b) consumers buy more fuel.
c) crops have a lower price.
d) farmers plant more soy.
03. One consequence of high food prices is:
a) balanced diets.
b) more food consumption.
c) health problems.
d) good nourishment.
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04. The expression going through the roof (line 1) can be best replaced by:
a) falling.
b) decreasing.
c) freezing.
d) rising.
05. All of the following alternatives are examples of the present perfect simple tense, EXCEPT:
a) have doubled (line 7).
b) have to tell (line 1).
c) have become (line 12).
d) have more than tripled (line 2).
06. The infinitive form of the verb rose (line 8) is:
a) raise.
b) risen.
c) rise.
d) rosen.
07. The only word that functions as a verb in the text is:
a) heads (line 11).
b) estimates (line 29).
c) costs (line 9).
d) causes (line 14).
08. The referent to the word whose (line 37) is:
a) experts.
b) Group.
c) scientists.
d) centers.
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09. The word switching (line 18) can be best replaced by:
a) avoiding.
b) selling.
c) changing.
d) buying.
10. The referent to the pronoun its (line 35) is:
a) rest.
b) age.
c) life.
d) child.
GABARITO
B
A
C
D
B
C
A
B
C
D
UFVJM 2009-2
Instructions: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the following
statements.
Text 1 . Questions 01 to 04.
70% deforestation cuts for Brazil
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Glossary:
Rates: Taxas
Increased: Aumentou
Targets: Metas
UN: Naes Unidas
Environmental: Ambientais
Question 01
The plan, announced by Brazil, has the following objective:
a) recycle wood
b) stop gases emissions
c) clean polluted rivers
d) reduce the cutting of trees
Question 02
What are the countries encouraged to contribute with to the Amazon fund?
a) seedling plants
b) financial resources
c) reforestation projects
d) eucalyptus cultivation
Question 03
According to the text, Srgio Leito says that some things dont contribute to Brazils plan. All the following are
correct, EXCEPT:
a) economic crisis
b) wrong speed
c) international resources
d) timid targets
Question 04
In this report the author.s main purpose is to
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a) inform people that Brazil and other nations are taking care of the Amazon rainforest
b) suggest countries to contribute to the Amazon fund and protect the rainforest
c) advise population to recycle, save energy and decrease car fumes to help to reduce deforestation in the Amazon
region
d) alert Brazilian government to increase the speed of environmental actions to save the Amazon
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7928996.stm
Glossary:
Male: Macho
Launching: Lanamento
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Prior: Antes
Behaviour: Comportamento
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Question 05
According to the text, the chimpanzee is able to do all the following, EXCEPT:
a) plan for future events
b) do experimental studies
c) recognize how and when something can be done
d) anticipate a future mental state
Question 06
Santino is the name of a:
a) Swedish zoo
b) zoo visitor
c) cognitive scientist
d) male chimpanzee
Question 07
When the chimp launches stones, it wants to show:
a) ability
b) evidence
c) dominance
d) calm
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GABARITO
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
D
B
C
A
B
D
C
UFMG 2010
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the statement
in each question, from 01 to 08.
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QUESTION 01
The introduction to the text (lines 1-2) implies that, at present, the capitalist system
TF1-2011 - REPRODUO PROIBIDA: Art. 184 do Cdigo Penal e Lei 9.610 de fevereiro de 1998 - www.gaussprevestibular.com.br
A) guides transitions.
B) rules the world.
C) serves the market.
D) teaches governors.
QUESTION 02
The best topic for the first paragraph is that
A) capitalism includes market economy.
B) it is not very easy to define capitalism.
C) the elements in capitalism are traditional.
D) we cannot tell the future of capitalism.
QUESTION 03
According to the text, market economy, trade and capital (1st paragraph) are
A) alternatives to ancient policies.
B) byproducts of new capitalism.
C) insufficient to define capitalism.
D) theories of economic systems.
QUESTION 04
Braudel suggests that capitalism is
A) mostly defined by agriculture.
B) moving towards immateriality.
C) oriented towards local finance.
D) related to specialized industry.
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QUESTION 05
The word disembodied (line 15) can be best understood as
A) foreign.
B) marketed.
C) nearby.
D) vague.
QUESTION 06
Communism (line 19) and managerialism (line 20) are mentioned in the text as systems that
A) are considered unwanted utopias nowadays.
B) could have been alternatives to capitalism.
C) managed to supersede globalized capitalism.
D) were commonly considered the golden ages.
QUESTION 07
We can say that the author of the text thinks that religion
A) can be seen as sub-culture.
B) is a radical way of living.
C) allows for utopian ideals.
D) induces civic engagement.
QUESTION 08
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GABARITO
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
C
B
C
B
D
B
C
B
UFTM 2010-1
Leia o texto e responda s questes de nmeros 01 a 04.
The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is an alliance driven by the vision
of a world without malnutrition. GAIN mobilizes public-( I ) partnerships and provides financial and technical support to deliver healthier foods and supplements to those people
most at risk of malnutrition. Our innovative partnership projects in more than 25 countries are improving the lives of ( II ) 200 million people. Our project portfolio is growing
and our goal is to reach one billion people.
(www.gainhealth.org/ & The Economist, September 2009)
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Leia o texto e responda s questes de nmeros 05 a 07.
(www.adsoftheworld.com/media/print/avaya_sales)
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06. The adjective annoyed and the verb hang up respectively mean
(A) extremely irritated; make another call.
(B) slightly angry; end a telephone conversation.
(C) a bit anxious; give up calling.
(D) very nervous; stop trying.
(E) too impatient; talk to someone else.
07. The last sentence says There is a better way. Which alternative would complete this sentence adequately?
(A) to assist the customers.
(B) to answer a call back.
(C) to buy and sell telephones.
(D) to have good manners.
(E) to end a phone conversation.
Leia o cartoon e responda s questes de nmeros 08 e 09.
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(www.comics.com/the_buckets/)
08. Dentro do contexto do cartoon, a mulher parece no entender a pergunta que lhe feita porque
(A) a pergunta soa muito machista e sem graa.
(B) ela no v diferena entre um e outro tipo de filme.
(C) a palavra flick no tem sentido para ela.
(D) o homem espera que ela saiba demais.
(E) ela nem sempre consultada sobre esse assunto.
09. De acordo com a opinio expressa pelo homem, no segundo e terceiro quadrinhos, pode-se concluir que
GABARITO
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
D
C
E
A
C
B
A
B
E
UERJ EM FOCO...
BUENA VISTA SOCIAL CLUB (G, 101 minutes) In this charming documentary, German director Wim
Wenders chronicles his friend Ry Cooders successful attempt to persuade a lost generation of legendary Cuban
musicians to make a comeback album called Buena Vista Social Club. It sold more than a million copies. Between
the beats of this so-called son music, you can feel a touching camaraderie among the musicians, including 80-yearold pianist Ruben Gonzalez and Ibrahim Ferrer, aka The Nat King Cole of Cuba, whose soft, 70-year-old voice will
slay anyone with an appreciation of fine music. When the band makes its final appearance on the Carnegie stage,
to the sweetly mournful strains of Quizs, Quizs, Quizs, you realize youre hooked on these musicians for life.
In Spanish and English with subtitles. Contains nothing objectionable except mildly risqu lyrics. Arlington Cinema
N Drafthouse.
(Washington Post on line www.washingtonpost.com. March 24, 2000)
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(A) as mulheres ferem os sentimentos dos homens em filmes feitos para mulheres.
(B) os homens gostam de ouvir a opinio das mulheres na hora de escolher filmes.
(C) as mulheres apreciam mais o gnero romntico ou drama.
(D) os chamados filmes masculinos no ferem os sentimentos de outras pessoas.
(E) os filmes feitos para homens so mais agressivos do ponto de vista fsico.
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(UERJ 2001/1) Questo 01
The film, mentioned above, is now playing at local theaters nationwide.
As far as communicative intentions are concerned, the text above is best characterized as:
(A) a summary of the virtuosity of legendary Cuban performers
(B) an account of the evolution of Cuban finest music and bands
(C) a review of the screen performance of old-time Cuban artists
(D) a description of the tropical rhythm of famous Cuban composers
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(UERJ 2001/2) Questo 05
The text depicts the new library of Alexandria as an extraordinary architectural landmark.
The author, however, draws attention to problems characterized as:
(A) financial and political
(B) scholarly and nationalistic
(C) geographical and historical
(D) environmental and occupational
(UERJ 2001/2) Questo 06
According to the text, there is a curious parallel between ancient and modern Egyptians with regard to procedures
for the compilation of reading material.
The excerpt containing the description of a practice of the past is:
(A) they raided passing ships and forced them to hand over any scrolls (l. 39 - 41)
(B) They ask visiting businessmen and dignitaries (...) any spare books (l. 43- 45)
(C) Acquisitions that fit the strategy include copies of Spains Escorial collection (l. 56 - 57)
(D) sources say that the Egyptians dont want a librarian running the show (l. 70 - 72)
(UERJ 2001/2) Questo 07
A single conjunction may express multiple meanings.
In Short of trying to collect every book in existence, as the ancient library did..., the word as conveys the idea
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of:
(A) cause
(B) comparison
(C) simultaneity
(D) contradiction
(UERJ 2001/2) Questo 08
The comic strip offers food for thought about the way men feel and behave.
In Electras view, Cathys attitude reflects:
(A) absence of true affection and desires
(B) carelessness toward pets and loved ones
(C) inconsistency between words and actions
(D) deceitfulness in relation to intentions and virtues
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(UERJ 2002/1) Questo 10
What they have in common is the sight of Brazil as it sheds its image as eternally easygoing... (l. 09 - 10)
The two instances of the word as in the sentence above establish the following semantic relations:
(A) causality and addition
(B) alternation and purpose
(C) concession and contrast
(D) temporality and comparison
(UERJ 2002/1) Questo 11
Recognition of the economic and political weight of Brazil in the international arena is implied in the following excerpt:
(A) A new front in that conflict emerged in February when Canada suddenly announced a prohibition on imports
of Brazilian beef, (l. 33 - 36)
(B) Brazilian officials argued that the beef ban was just an excuse to intimidate them in the aircraft dispute and
gave Canada until March 1 to rescind the ban. (l. 38 - 41)
(C) When the Canadians finally gave Brazilian meat a clean bill of health on Feb. 27, government officials were
able to treat the event as a triumph and announced plans to file complaints against Canada (l. 41 - 45)
(D) This was a win-win situation for Brazil, in that it got the attention of the Canadians and will probably get more
attention at the upcoming summit than it would have otherwise, (l. 47 - 50)
(UERJ 2002/1) Questo 12
South American officials are cautious and not very confident about policy issues concerning the:
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(C) carnival traditions and samba music arrangements will be examined in New York City
(D) jazz bands and Brazilian samba composers will give joint performances in New Orleans
(UERJ 2002/1) Questo 14
The theme Jump In, chosen by the artistic organizers for the diversified events, is intended to:
(A) shake the audience
(B) promote cultural exchange
(C) make festival-goers feel at ease
(D) bring together music traditions
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(UERJ 2002/2) Questo 15
The main aim of the proposal for the United Nations is to raise public awareness in relation to the following course
of action:
(A) healing degraded ecosystems
(B) preserving endangered species
(C) diminishing human exploitation
(D) preventing ecological devastation
(UERJ 2002/2) Questo 16
According to the text, true global security will only be achieved through initiatives to:
(A) refine clean-up techniques
(B) promote worldwide peace
(C) implement ecological recovery
(D) encourage local volunteer work
(UERJ 2002/2) Questo 17
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(A) authors
(B) journals
(C) conflicts
(D) scientists
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(UERJ 2003/2) Questo 29
According to the author, the overall goal of rhetorical research is to:
(A) understand how human experiences are related to each other
(B) analyze communication strategies employed by language users
(C) study appropriateness levels of vocabulary chosen by speakers
(D) compare the different types of discourse used to persuade others
(UERJ 2003/2) Questo 30
And, since the who and where of our lives are always changing, so is our understanding of truth.
(l. 5 - 6)
Since and so in the sentence above may be notionally replaced by:
(A) if and thus
(B) therefore and but
(C) hence and instead
(D) because and likewise
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(UERJ 2003/2) Questo 32
The reason for the action alert is contained in:
(A) parents must restrict their kids TV viewing time
(B) youth exposure to alcohol ads on TV may lead to addiction
(C) the number of TV sets in a house contributes to alcohol addiction
(D) alcoholic teenagers watch much more TV as compared to other age groups
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GABARITO
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
C
D
A
B
A
A
B
C
C
D
D
A
B
C
A
C
D
D
B
C
C
D
D
B
B
A
A
C
B
D
A
B
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Anotaes:
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