BICOL UNIVERSITY

College of Science
Department of Chemistry

NAME: __________________________________________________
Section: __________________

Lab Experiment (Lab Apparatus)

Group: ________

SCORE

Date Performed: ____________________

Date Submitted: ____________________

Lab Experiment (Lab Techniques)

Date Performed: ____________________
Date Submitted: ____________________

SCORE

COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

Experiment No. _____
Introduction
Chemistry is an experimental science. A student of chemistry spend
most of his time in the laboratory observing chemical behaviors, proving
chemical concepts, testing hypothesis or simply performing experiments.
The laboratory is equipped with apparatus and other materials for safe
and easy performance of activities. Thus, a chemistry student must be
knowledgeable of these laboratory equipment and materials. This will help him
perform experiments safely and with better results.
I. Objectives
At the end of the experiment the students are expected to:
1. Identify the common laboratory apparatus and equipment;
2. Describe and sketch the different laboratory apparatus/equipment.
II. Apparatus and Materials
A. Glass and Porcelain
Beaker
Erlenmeyer flask
watch glass
graduated cylinder
pipette
evaporating dish
B. Metals and others:
burner
test tube rack
spatula
triangular file
tong
magnet

test tube
Florence Flask
crucible and cover
mortar and pestle
funnel
clay triangle

petri dish
condenser
glass tubing
stirring rod

iron ring
iron clamp
wire gauze
cork borer
test tube brush

iron stand
medicine dropper
test tube holder
wing top
platform balance

III. Procedures
1. From the instrumentation room request the common laboratory
apparatus and materials.
2. Identify all the apparatus and equipment given to your group.
3. Draw them in the boxes provided and give the function/uses of each.
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IV. Observations/ Results and Discussions

Glass and Porcelain
Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

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Glass and Porcelain

Drawing

Drawing

Name

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Use

Drawing

Drawing

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Use

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Glass and Porcelain

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

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Use

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Glass and Porcelain

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

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Use

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

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Use

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Metal and Others

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

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Metal and Others

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

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Metal and Others

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

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Metal and Others

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

Drawing

Drawing

Name

Name

Use

Use

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COMMON LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AND OPERATIONS

Experiment No. _____
Introduction
One of the basic aims of a general chemistry laboratory course is to teach and
train students the proper laboratory working habits and techniques. These laboratory
works can become more systematic and efficient through the application of useful
procedures and techniques that can lead to accurate analysis of experimental results.
There is nothing more effective than proper handling of reagents and test solutions.
Unnecessary waste of time, effort, and reagents are avoided if experimental work is
conducted with the necessary operations with safety and performed correctly.
I. Objectives
1. To perform common laboratory operations.
2. To show the proper techniques in handling solids and liquids, heating
substances, and separating mixtures.
II. Apparatus and Materials
Sand, powdered chalk, table salt, test tube, flask, mortar and pestle, tripod,
filter paper, graduated cylinder, beaker, stirring rod, funnel, evaporating dish,
alcohol lamp, wire gauze, platform/ beam balance
III. Procedures
PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
1.

Suspend fine clean sand in 20 ml of water in a test tube. Allow the sand to
settle at the bottom of the test tube and carefully pour off the clear
supernatant liquid.

2.

Mix intimately in a mortar and pestle 3 g of powdered chalk and 3 grams of

table salt. Transfer the liquid into a beaker. Measure 15 ml of water and pour
this into the beaker. Stir thoroughly the substances with stirring rod.

3.

Filter the mixture by pouring it slowly into the filter paper supported by a
funnel. Place a clean flask below the funnel. Care must be taken care to prevent
the liquid from running down the side of the beaker. This is done by allowing
the mixture to flow through the stirring rod the end of which is pointing
towards the center of the filter. Do not fill the filter completely to the top.
Reserve the clear liquid in the flask for the next procedure. Examine the residue
on the filter.

4.

Transfer the liquid into the evaporating dish. Support the dish on the tripod
with a wire gauze and heat gently. Withdraw the flame as soon as most of the
water has been driven off. Examine the residue left and take a crystal of it.
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IV. Observations and Analysis

Answer the following questions based on your observations in this experiment.
1.

Define decantation.

2.

What do you call the clear liquid that is poured off?

3.

What is the process applicable in separating solids from liquids?

4.

Define filtration.

5.

What is the clear liquid that passes through the filter paper?

6.

What is the substance left in the filter paper?

7.

What did you accomplished in treating the mixture with water?

8.

Why can this be done?

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9.

Define evaporation.

10. What is the residue left in the dish?

11. What have you accomplished in this process?

12. What may happen if heat is applied steadily at the bottom of a test tube
containing a liquid?

13. Describe how a piece of filter paper can be folded properly for filtration?

14. What is the difference between decantation and filtration? Which of these two
methods of separation is more effective?

V. Generalization

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SOME NOTES IN COMMON LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

Handling Liquids
When transferring liquids from a reagent
bottle, always remove the cap/stopper and
hold it in your hand. Never place the
cap/stopper on the bench or contamination
could result. Pour the liquid slowly and
carefully to avoid spillage. You may find the
use of a glass rod helpful,
Filtration
You will often need to separate a liquid from
a solid. At times you will simply decant, that is, you will carefully pour out the liquid,
leaving the solid behind. At other times you will need to filter the solution. To do
this you will use filter paper and a funnel. You must first flute the paper in order to
accelerate the process.

You will then set the paper in the funnel using your wash bottle. To do this simply
place the paper into the funnel and add a small amount of water to the bottom of
the filter. Slowly add water to the sides with a circular motion to avoid air bubbles
between the paper and the funnel. Once the paper has set, transfer the solution to
be filtered. If the solid has settled, decant the liquid through the filter first in order
to save time. Never overwhelm the filter; don't add the solution too quickly and
never come to within one centimeter of the top of the paper. Transfer the solid
using a wash bottle and rubber policeman (hand-held flexible natural-rubber
scraper attached to a glass rod), and then wash the solid as directed by the
experimental procedure.
Heating

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You will use both a hot plate and a Bunsen burner to heat solids and solutions.
Always be careful to avoid burns and never heat a material too quickly or explosive
"bumping" can occur. When using a hot plate always begin at the setting indicated
in the manual. However, this setting may vary depending on the hot plate so you
will have to experiment. In using a Bunsen burner, always use a tight blue flame as
shown in the figure. Control the heat transfer by adjusting the distance from the
burner to the object. Note that the distances suggested in the manual are
measured from the hottest part of the flame to the object.

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