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Crystallography - Excecise

I. Exercise - crystal lattice


Cuprite, an oxide of copper, has the
Lattice: a0=b0=c0=0.427 nm, ===90 and the
basis:
Cu: 1/4,1/4,1/4; 3/4,3/4,1/4; 3/4,1/4,3/4; 1/4,3/4,3/4.
O: 0,0,0; 1/2,1/2,1/2.
a) Draw a projection of the structure on x,y,0 and a perspective
representation of the structure
b) What is the chemical formula of this compound? What is Z?
c) Calculate the shortest Cu-O distance.

Cu

d) What is the density of cuprite.

II. Exercise - indice

Projection in one axis

1. Give (hkl) for a few planes containing the line [211], and give [uvw] for
a few lines lying in the plane (121).
2. What are the relationships between (110) and (110); (211) and (211);
[110] and [110]; [211] and [211].
3. Draw [310], [310], [310]
[123], [123], [123]
in the following unit cell.

4. Index the directions

1,1,1

c
1,1/2,1/2

1,2/3,0

1,1/3,0
5. Draw (100), (110), (123)
(110), (210), (211)

c
b

5. Index the planes

0,0,1/2
1,1,1/2

b
1/2,1,0

6. Die Abbildung ist die Projektion eines Raumgitters parallel zur aAchse auf die b,c-Ebene. Die eingezeichneten Geraden sind
Gittergeraden (...) bzw. die Spuren von Netzebenen (_ _).
a) Indizieren Sie die eingezeichneten Gittergeraden und
Netzebenen;

b) Geben Sie die [uvw] der Schnittgeraden beider Netzebenen an;


c) Zeichnen Sie die Spuren der Netzebenen (023) und (021) in die
Projektion ein.

c
b
d) Geben Sie einige Netzebenen an, die die Gittergerade [101]
enthalten und einige Gittergeraden, die in der Netzebene (-1-1-1) liegen.
8. Draw the directions [1120], [121] and planes (110), (123) in the
hexagonal unit cell:
c

a3

III. Exercise Morphology

a1

1. Plot the poles of the faces on a stereogram

a2

2. Plot the directions corresponding to the following axial systems on a


stereogram

3. Plot the poles of the faces on a stereogram

note

4. What is represented by the following stereogram

VI. Exercise - Principle of symmetry


1. Carry out the operations on an unsymmetrical pyramid, whose base
lies into the plane of the paper.

Exercise - 14 Bravais lattices

V. Exercise - 14 Bravais lattices


1. a) Determine the symmetry elements for the given plane lattices.
b) Draw in the edges of the unit mesh and give the lattice parameters.

2. Given orthrohombic unit cell and ist projection on x,y,0. Draw the third
symmetry element generated by the two given elements, give ist symbol
and coordinates.

3.
a) Draw the unit cell of each lattices as a projection on x,y,0, or in the
monoclinic case, on x,0,z. use a scale of 0.1 nm= 1 cm.
Monoclinic P: a0=0.55, b0=0.40, c0=0.40 nm; =105
orthorhombic P: a0=0.3, b0=0.45, c0=0.4 nm
tetragonal P: a0=0.4, c0=0.3 nm
hexagonal P: a0=0.4, c0=0.3 nm
trigonal R: a0=0.45, c0=0.3 nm
b) determine the symmetry operations of the lattices you have drawn,
and plot the symmetry elements on the projection of the lattice.

VI. Exercise - Point group


1. Complete the stereographic projections in the table. Which symmetry
elements are generated? What are the resultant point groups? Give the
symbols for each.

2. Complete the stereographic projections in Table and give the symbols


for the resultant point groups.

3. Determine the International symbol for the point groups whose


symmetry elements are illustrated in the following:
a) find the symmetry elements that characterise the crystal system.
b) indicate the crystallographic axes a, b, c on the stereogram, bearing in
mind the orientation of the symmetry directions for the crystal system.
c) give the International symbol.

VII. Exercise - space group


1. In the projections below of a unit cell onto x,y,0, only a single
symmetry element is given. Allow this symmetry element to operate on
an asymmetry point at x,y,z and give the coordinates of the equivalent
point(s) generated.

m in x,y,1/2

a in x,y,1/4

m in x,1/4,z

b in ,y,z

c in x,1/4,z

n in ,y,z

n in x,y,0

n in x,0,z

2 in ,y,0

21 in , 0,z

21 in 0,y,1/4

2 in , , z

2. The symmetry diagrams for the seven space groups are given below
as projections on x,y,0.
a) enter on each diagram a point in a general site x,y,z, and allow the
symmetry to operate on it.
b) give the coordinates of the points equivalent to x,y,z.
c) what is the multiplicity of the general position.

VIII. Exercise - reciprocal space


1. Draw the (100)- and (001)-lattice planes of the rutile structure.
Construct the a*c*- and a*b*-planes of the reciprocal lattice.
Crystal structure of rutile, TiO2, a) in
a perspective drawing, b) in
projection on x,y,0.

Description of the crystal structure of rutile TiO2 is as follows:

2. A powder photography taken from cube-shaped crystals of KI, using


Cu Ka radiation (=0.154 nm). The first nine lines, measured from the
position of the direct beam, give the following 2-values:
21.80; 25.20; 36.00; 42.50; 44.45; 51.75; 56.80; 58.45; 64.65.
A) index these powder lines and calculate their d-values.
B) determine the lattice constant a0.
C) what is the value Z? ( the density of KI is 3.13 g/cm3).

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