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information which cannot be accessed by other layers. Crosslayer design [4] is the protocol design which is mainly used to
remove the dependency between layers .Cross layer is the
interface that is used for sharing information between layers. It
is mainly used to enhance the performance of a system. In this
paper, we have used shared database design of the cross layer.
II. RELAT ED W ORK
Siddesh Gundagatti Karibasappa et al. [5] proposed neuro
fuzzy based routing protocol. They have utilized the soft
computing techniques such as Neural Nets, Fuzzy Logic and
genetic Algorithms to derive accurate routing information from
mobile Ad-Hoc networks to achieve this efficient protocol. To
solve the objective function and establish a route within the
shortest possible time the combination of these powerful
techniques are used. This protocol has used feed forward
artificial neural network to achieve best performance in
routing.
M.Niazi Torshiz et al. [6] proposed to incorporate the fuzzy
concept with AODV routing algorithm and have considered
power consumption. This fuzzy logic based routing algorithm
monitors the routes and tries to select the optimal route based
on minimum bandwidth and hop count of each route. It also
has tried to balance the traffic load inside the network so as to
increase the battery lifetime of the nodes and hence the overall
useful life of the ad hoc network. In this paper, the fuzzy input
variables are chosen to be minimum bandwidth, battery life
and hop-count.
Zuo Jing et al. [7] proposed a multi constrained QoS
routing protocol based on fuzzy logic. The protocol is service
aware and developed based on DSR. It has considered the QoS
requirements asked by different kinds of services and takes
different network state parameters as the constraint conditions.
They proposed new route informing mechanism to s upport
route update; and have adjusted the speed of packet in terms of
the output of fuzzy system; also they have optimized routing
algorithm for real time traffic to assure that data are always
transmitted through the route with the lowest delay. In this
proposal, the fuzzy system consists of three subsystems.
Therefore multiple metrics have been considered as fuzzy
inputs. The fuzzy inputs used are number of hops, bandwidth,
mobile speed and buffer occupancy rate.
Golnoosh Ghalavani et al. [8] proposed a reliable routing
protocol for MANET based on fuzzy logic. The proposed
work is known as RRAF and it finds reliable path for the
transmission of data. In their work, during route discovery,
node with maximum trust value and maximum energy
capacity is selected as a router based on a parameter called
Where,
Ptx = probability of successful packet delivery in forward
direction.
Prx = probability of successful acknowledgement packet
reception.
Distance
between the two nodes is calculated using the
(6)
BW l = C*(Ti /Ttp )
(1)
Where C= Channel capacity and Ti = Idle time period in the
predefined time period T tp.
The minimum bandwidth (BW mn ) of all the nodes within the
interference range is calculated as the result of prior collection
of neighboring node information. Thus, the difference between
BW mn and BW l gives the residual bandwidth (BW r) of the
node:
BW r = BW l - BW mn
(2)
(3)
ET = EX * (z/ BW)
(4)
Where z = average size of a packet, BW = current link
bandwidth and EX =Expected transmission count metrics.
The expected transmission time (EX) is the measure of the
path and link quality. EX metric for a single is defined as
following equation:
EX =
(5)
(zi )]
(10)
Where,
F_Cost = specify the degree of decision making.
zi = fuzzy rules and variables.
Bandwidth
Path Stability
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Medium
High
High
Medium
High
Low
Medium
High
High
Low
Medium
High
Medium
High
Residual
Energy
Low
Low
Low
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
High
Low
Medium
Medium
High
High
O utput
Very Low
Low
Low
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
High
Low
Medium
High
High
Very High
O utput
Very High
High
Low
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Low
High
Power
dBm
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
:
3
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
:
3
14.77
13.01
14.77
13.01
14.77
13.01
6.99
14.77
13.01
:
0
Rate
Req. Rx Pow.
Gap
Mb/s
1
1
2
2
5.5
5.5
1
11
11
:
11
dBm
0.00
1.78
3.00
4.76
5.00
6.76
7.78
9.00
10.76
:
23.77
Pow. Cons.
Ratio
(
)
1.000
0.844
0.508
0.429
0.195
0.164
0.611
0.105
0.089
:
0.058
Let P0, P1Pn-1 (P0 > P1 > >Pn-1) dBm be the levels of
transmission power available. The maximum transmission
power P0 is defined as base transmission power. Let m be the
levels of data rate available which are R0, R1Rn-1 (R0 < R1
< < Rn-1) Mbps. The lowest data rate R0 is defined as base
transmission rate. This energy efficiency ratio ( (Pi, Rj)) as
follows:
=
(11)
150
1000x1000
IEEE 802.11
250 meters
50 seconds
CBR
512
2,4,6,8 and 10
100,200,300,400 and 500 kb
9.1 Joules
0.660 W atts
0.395 W atts
B. Based on Flow:
In our second experiment, we vary the number of flows as
2,4,6,8 and 10.
IV.2. RESULT S
A. Based on Rate:
In our first experiment, we vary the transmission rate as
100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kbs.
References
[1] Vahid Ayatollahi Tafti and Abolfazl Gandomi,
Performance of QoS Parameters in M ANET Application
Traffics in Large Scale Scenarios, World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, 2010.
[2] Al-Sakib Khan Pathan and Choong Seon Hong, Routing
in M obile Ad Hoc Network, Guide to Wireless Ad Hoc
Network, 2009 edition.
[3] Serge Guillaume, Designing Fuzzy Inference Systems
from Data: An Interpretability Oriented-Review, IEEE
Transaction on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 9, NO. 3, June 2001.
[4] Vineet Srivastava ans M ehul M otani, Cross-Layer Design:
A Survey and the Road Ahead, IEEE Communication
Magazine, December 2005.
[5] A. Siddesh Gundagatti Karibasappa and B.K.N.
M uralidhara, Neuro Fuzzy Based Routing Protocol for
M obile Ad-Hoc Networks, IEEE 6th International
Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, (IICSI
2011), 2011.
[6] M . Niazi Torshiz, H. Amintoosi and A. M ovaghar, A
Fuzzy Energy-based Extension to AODV Routing, IEEE
International Symposium on Telecommunications, 2008.
[7] Zuo Jing, Chi Xuefen, Lin Guan and Li Hongxia, Serviceaware M ulti-constrained Routing Protocol with QoS
Guarantee Based on Fuzzy Logic, IEEE 22nd
International conference on Advanced Information
Networking and Applications- Workshops , 2008.
[8] Golnoosh Ghalavand, Arash Dana, Azadeh Ghalavand and
M ahnaz Rezahosieni, Reliable routing algorithm based on
Fuzzy logic for Golnoosh M obile Adhoc Network, IEEE
3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer
Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), 2010.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have proposed a fuzzy based cross layer
routing in MANET in which the system comprises of two
fuzzy system namely fuzzy logic system 1 (FLS1) and fuzzy
logic system 2 (FLS2).