Moist-loving plants

Pioneer species

Small plants that has chlorophyll a & b, cell walls made


BOTANY 201 Laboratory
Department of Biological Sciences
College of Science
University of Santo Tomas

Heteromorphic Alternation of Generation

Gametophyte generation:

dominant stage

Free-living & photosynthetic

Sporophyte generation:

short-lived

attached to and dependent on the gametophyte for

nourishment parasitic to the gametophyte

up of cellulose, motile sperms & starch (storage)

Lack well-developed vascular tissues absorb water
by capillarity
Lack true roots, stems & leaves
Gametophyte dominant; perennial
Sporophyte short-lived; unbranched; produces
sporangium

Character

Thallophyte

Primitive Features

Advanced Features

Usually have no lignin

Small, low-lying, and generally
moisture loving plants
No roots, only filamentous
rhizoids

Have multicellular sex organs (i.e.:

gametes are enclosed by sterile
jacket cells)
Are
parenchymatous,
not
filamentous
Retain the zygote within the
female sex organ & allow it to
develop into an embryo there
Have cutin on the plant and
spores

Brophyte

Plant Body

single cells or filament of

cells

blocks or sheets of cells

forming a parenchymatous
tissue

Gametangia

unicellular and lacks a

protective jacket of sterile
cells

multicellular and have a

protective jacket of sterile cells

Hepatics or liverworts

rhizoids are always unicellular

Thallus are dichotomously

branched and exhibits

dorsiventrality:

 upper side photosynthetic

(chlorenchymatous cells & air

chambers)
 lower side for storage & nonphotosynthetic (scales & rhizoids)

Gametophytes are lobed &

bilaterally symmetrical
1.
2.

LIVERWORTS

HORNWORTS

MOSSES

Leafy
Thallose

Unstalked sporangia

Reproduce asexually


Thallose liverwort

Gametophyte:
 Flat, ribbon-like
 Perennial; dichotomously

branched
 Unisexual

Gametophores:
 Archegoniophore
 Antheridiophore

Male

Female

Gemma multicellular asexual reproductive units


Hornworts long horn-shaped sporophytes

have the simplest gametophytes of the Bryophyta

small, green thallus plants with little differentiation of

vegetative tissues.
antheridia are located in roofed chambers in the upper
portion of the thallus.
archegonia are embedded within the thallus.
sporophyte is different from that of the Hepaticae.
foot embedded in the thallus serves an absorbing
organ. The sporangium is an upright elongated
structure.


Mosses have specialized cells that conduct water and others

that conduct photosynthate.

Gametophytic generation dominant; has two growth
stages:
 creeping filamentous stage (the protonema) from which is

developed,

 The moss plant with an upright or horizontal stem bearing small

spirally arranged green leaves.

Sporophyte dependent on the gametophyte for survival.

have disc shaped chloroplasts, lack pyrenoids and have

stomata

Rhizoids are found at the base of the stem

Moss Sporophyte

Gametangia occur at the tips of either the main or

lateral branches

Moss Gametophyte