Retaining Wall

Project:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Client:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Date
6-Jul
Designed
Rev No.
RJ
A
Rev Date
Page
Checked
Approved
JA
RETAINING WALL DESIGN
Angle of internal friction,
30
Coefficient of active earth pressure,

Ka
1 sin
1 sin
0.33
3.0
surcharge (q)
kN/m2
Soil density (f)
18
kN/m3
3.15
0.33 x 2
0.66
0.33 x 18 x 3.15
18.71
kN/m2 per meter run
0.3
Q1
Q2
Total Height of soil pressure acting

( Bottom of raft - Raft thk/2)=3.3-0.15
Lateral pressure due to
Q1 = Ka q
Surcharge
Lateral pressure due to soil
Q2 = Ka . . h1
kN/m2 per meter run
Lateral pressure at top
Q1
0.66
kN/m2 per meter run
Lateral pressure at bottom
Q1 + Q 2
19.37
kN/m2 per meter run
M1= Ka h13/6
0.33 x 18 x 3.15^3 / 6
30.94
0.33 x 2 x 3.15^2 / 2
3.3
Moment due to soil
Moment due to surcharge
M2= Ka q h12/2
kNm per meter run
kNm per meter run
Project:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Client:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Date
MAIN REINFORCEMENT (VERTICAL)
6-Jul
Designed
Rev No.
RJ
A
Rev Date
Page
Checked
Approved
Design for Maximum moment
Characteristic strength of concrete
fcu
30
N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel
fy
460
N/mm2
Mu
47.90
kNm
Width of wall
1000
mm
Thickness of wall
200
mm
Clear cover
50
mm
Diameter of main reinforcement
dm
20
mm
Diameter of secondary reinforcement
ds
12
mm
Effective depth
= D-c-dm-ds/2
Factored bending moment
1.4 x M1 =
124
K = Mu / ( b x d2 x fcu )
0.104
z = d x [0.5 +SQRT (0.25 - K / 0.9)]
107.49
mm
117.8
mm
Since 0.95xd,is greater than z, value of z is
107.49
Reinforcement required Ast = M / ( 0.95 x fy x z )
1020
mm2
Min reinf. each face per table 3.25 BS 8110-1 = 0.2
400
mm2
0.95 x d
mm
Main reinforcement 20 @ 200 mm c/c

+ Extra reinforcement
0@
mm c/c
Area of reinforcement provided
1570 mm2
Hence OK.
Horizontal reinforcement 12 @ 200 mm c/c
Area of reinforcement provided
Reinforcement Summary:
Provide vertical reinforcement T20 @ 200 mm c/c.
Provide horizontal reinforcement T12 @ 200 mm c/c.
565 mm2
JA
Project:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Client:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Date
6-Jul
Designed
Rev No.
RJ
A
Rev Date
Page
Checked
Approved
JA
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
400/132/22 kV SUBSTATION IN SAADIYAT ISLAND
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
Crack Width Check For Wall

Check for Crack Width: (Service loads)
Location:
Main Steel
Vertical reinforcement
My Direction (- ve)
Location :
Thickness of wall (h)

Cover to reinforcement
Outer Face Reinforcement
300 mm
75 mm
fcu
35 N/mm2
fy
420 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete
Ec
12000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel
Es
200000 N/mm2

Dia of bar used
16 mm
Spacing of bars provided
125 mm
Dia of bar used (Extra reinforcement)
0 mm
Spacing of bars provided (Extra reinforcement)
0 mm
Service Moment
43.45 kN-m
Permissible crack width
0.2 mm
(For Plate No:
Load Condition:
12
Effective Depth(d)
Depth of neutral axis ' x '

Modular ratio ae
84.33
16.67
1608
Es / E c
(Upto 0.6m height)
300 - 75 - 16/2 =
mm
(As per Cl. 2.5.2 of BS 8110:Part1:1997)

Area of reinforcement
mm
Considering 1m width of wall,

Percentage of Bottom reiforcement
1608 / (1000 x 217)
0.74
x
d-x
Reinf. Lvl
h-x
1
=
As x fs x ( d - x/3 )
43450000
1608 x ( 217 - 84.33 / 3 ) x fs
43450000
303675.7122 x fs
143.08
Moment of resistance of the section
Hence stress in steel ,

As per BS - 8007 1989
fs
N/mm
217
mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
Strain in steel and Stress in concrete should not exceed 0.8f y/Es and 0.45fcu respectively
0.8 x fy /Es
Strain in steel
= f s / Es
Stress in concrete, fcb
0.45 x fcu
0.8 x 420 / 200000
0.002
143.08 / 200000
0.0007
Hence SAFE
( fs / m ) * x / (d - x )
( 143.08 / 17 )x 84.33 / ( 217 - 84.33 )
5.46
0.45 x 35
15.75
N/mm
5.46
<
<
0.002
15.75
Hence SAFE
Average elastic tensile strain in the Concrete,e 1
fs x ( h - x )
Es x ( d - x )
143.08 x ( 300-84.33 )
200000 x ( 217-84.33 )
Stiffening effect of Concrete
e1
0.001163
e2
bt x ( h - x )
3 x Es x As x ( d - x )
1000 x ( 300-84.33 ) ^ 2
600000 x 1608 x ( 217-84.33 )
em
0.0003635
e1 - e 2
0.001163 - 0.0003635
0.000799
3 x em x acr
62.5
e2
Crack width ' W '
62.5
Check for crackwidth

1+ 2 x (acr - Cmin) / (h - x)
acr
Thereforce ' W '
83 + 63
- 16 / 2
95.90
mm
3 x 0.00080 x 95.900
83
1 + 2 x ( 95.90 - 75 ) / ( 300 -84.33 )

=
0.193 mm
<
0.2 mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
Hence Safe
CHECK FOR TEMPERATURE CRACK

Hydration peak and ambient temperature
T1
25
Variation in temperature
T2
15
f ratio
0.67
0.5
alpha
0.00001
fct/fb
External restraint factor
Thermal expansion coef. for concrete
Temperature Zone depth compression steel
150 mm
Temperature Zone depth tension steel
150 mm
Minimum reinforcement to control crack
=
=
0.0035
=
1050 mm2
2
525 mm per face
Temperature cracking - Compression reinforcement

Compression steel provided
12
0
Steel proportion
=
=
905
0.006032
Probable max. crack spacing
smax
Estimated maximum crack width
@
@
mm2
125
0
>
=
=
fratio x diat / (2 x p)
666.5
mm
smax x R x alpha x (T1+T2)
0.1333
mm
Hence Safe
<
mm c/c +
mm c/c
525 mm2
Ok
0.2 mm
Temperature cracking - Tension reinforcement

Tension steel provided
Steel proportion
=
=
smax
16
0
1608
0.010723
@
@
mm2
125
0
>
mm c/c +
mm c/c
525 mm2
Ok
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
=
=
=
499.8
mm

0.1000
mm
<
Hence Safe
0.2 mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date

Location:
Main Steel
Vertical reinforcement
My Direction (- ve)
Location :

300 mm
75 mm
fcu
35 N/mm2
fy
420 N/mm2
Ec
12000 N/mm2
Es
200000 N/mm2

Dia of bar used
12 mm
125 mm
0 mm
0 mm
Service Moment
7.48 kN-m
0.2 mm
(For Plate No:
26
Load Condition:
12
Effective Depth(d)

Modular ratio ae
67.57
16.67
904
Es / E c
(Above 0.6m height)
300 - 75 - 12/2 =
mm

mm

904 / (1000 x 219)
0.41
x
d-x
Reinf. Lvl
h-x
1
=
As x fs x ( d - x/3 )
7480000
904 x ( 219 - 67.57 / 3 ) x fs
7480000
177677.9361 x fs
42.10

As per BS - 8007 1989
fs
N/mm
219
mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
0.8 x fy /Es
Strain in steel
= f s / Es
0.45 x fcu
0.8 x 420 / 200000
0.002
42.1 / 200000
0.0002
Hence SAFE
( fs / m ) * x / (d - x )
( 42.10 / 17 )x 67.57 / ( 219 - 67.57 )
1.13
0.45 x 35
15.75
N/mm
1.13
<
<
0.002
15.75
Hence SAFE
fs x ( h - x )
Es x ( d - x )
42.10 x ( 300-67.57 )
200000 x ( 219-67.57 )
e1
0.000323
e2
bt x ( h - x )
3 x Es x As x ( d - x )
1000 x ( 300-67.57 ) ^ 2
600000 x 904 x ( 219-67.57 )
em
0.0006575
e1 - e 2
0.000323 - 0.0006575
-0.000334
3 x em x acr
62.5
e2
Crack width ' W '
62.5
No need to check the crack width

1+ 2 x (acr - Cmin) / (h - x)
acr
Thereforce ' W '
81 + 63
- 12 / 2
96.31
mm
3 x -0.00033 x 96.310
81
1 + 2 x ( 96.31 - 75 ) / ( 300 -67.57 )

=
-0.082 mm
<
0.2 mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
Hence Safe

T1
25
T2
15
f ratio
0.67
0.5
alpha
0.00001
fct/fb
150 mm
150 mm
=
=
0.0035
=
1050 mm2
2
525 mm per face

12
0
Steel proportion
=
=
905
0.006032
smax
@
@
mm2
125
0
>
=
=
666.5
mm
0.1333
mm
Hence Safe
<
mm c/c +
mm c/c
525 mm2
Ok
0.2 mm

Steel proportion
=
=
smax
12
0
905
0.006032
@
@
mm2
125
0
>
mm c/c +
mm c/c
525 mm2
Ok
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
=
=
=
666.5
mm

0.1333
mm
<
Hence Safe
0.2 mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date

Location:
Secondary Steel
Horizontal reinforcement Location :

300 mm
91 mm
fcu
35 N/mm2
fy
420 N/mm2
Ec
12000 N/mm2
Es
200000 N/mm2

Dia of bar used
10 mm
125 mm
0 mm
0 mm
Service Moment
15.68 kN-m
0.2 mm
(For Plate No:
96
Load Condition:
12
Effective Depth(d)

Modular ratio ae
55.72
16.67
628
Es / E c
Mx Direction (- ve)
300 - 91 - 10/2 =
mm

mm

628 / (1000 x 204)
0.31
x
d-x
Reinf. Lvl
h-x
1
=
As x fs x ( d - x/3 )
15680000
628 x ( 204 - 55.72 / 3 ) x fs
15680000
116448.1094 x fs
134.65

As per BS - 8007 1989
fs
N/mm
204
mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
0.8 x fy /Es
Strain in steel
= f s / Es
0.45 x fcu
0.8 x 420 / 200000
0.002
134.65 / 200000
0.0007
Hence SAFE
( fs / m ) * x / (d - x )
( 134.65 / 17 )x 55.72 / ( 204 - 55.72 )
3.04
0.45 x 35
15.75
N/mm
3.04
<
<
0.002
15.75
Hence SAFE
fs x ( h - x )
Es x ( d - x )
134.65 x ( 300-55.72 )
200000 x ( 204-55.72 )
e1
0.001109
e2
bt x ( h - x )
3 x Es x As x ( d - x )
1000 x ( 300-55.72 ) ^ 2
1000 x ( 300-55.72 ) ^ 2
em
0.0010680
e1 - e 2
0.001109 - 0.0010680
0.000041
3 x em x acr
62.5
e2
Crack width ' W '
62.5
Check for crackwidth

1+ 2 x (acr - Cmin) / (h - x)
acr
Thereforce ' W '
96 + 63
- 10 / 2
109.55
mm
3 x 0.00004 x 109.552
96
1 + 2 x ( 109.55 - 91 ) / ( 300 -55.72 )

=
0.012 mm
<
0.2 mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
Hence Safe

T1
25
T2
15
f ratio
0.67
0.5
alpha
0.00001
fct/fb
150 mm
150 mm
=
=
0.0035
=
1050 mm2
2
525 mm per face

10
0
Steel proportion
=
=
628
0.004189
smax
@
@
mm2
125
0
>
=
=
799.8
mm
0.1600
mm
Hence Safe
<
mm c/c +
mm c/c
525 mm2
Ok
0.2 mm

Steel proportion
=
=
smax
10
0
628
0.004189
@
@
mm2
125
0
>
mm c/c +
mm c/c
525 mm2
Ok
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
TRANSCO
Design
PSK
Checked
LKN
Main
contractor:
SIEMENS
Rev No.
Approved
PJM
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
=
=
=
799.8
mm

0.1600
mm
<
Hence Safe
0.2 mm
DERBY DESIGN
Project:
132/11 kV SUBSTATION AT BARSHA SOUTH
Date
6-Jul
Page
Client:
DEWA
Design
PSK
Checked
Main
contractor:
BAHWAN ENGINEERING COMPANY
Rev No.
Approved
Structure:
132 kV GIS BUILDING
Rev Date
Main steel
SHEAR CHECK FOR WALL

( For SQY Value Refer attached STAAD output sheets )
Max shear stress from STAAD Output, V =
Plate no:
0.07 N/mm2
Load case:
2337
Thickness of Raft
21
250 mm
Clear cover
75 mm
Diameter of main reinforcement
12 mm
Spacing of main reinforcement
Diameter of secondary reinforcement
Spacing of secondary reinforcement
200 mm c/c
169 mm
Effective depth
Grade of concrete , fcu
=
=
=
% of steel provided
Design shear strength

of concrete
As
0.070 N/mm2
200 mm c/c
12 mm
35 N/mm2
0.33 %
= 0.79x(0.33)^1/3 x(400/169)^1/4x1/1.25 x (35/25)^1/3

=
0.61 N/mm2
<
0.61 N/mm2
SAFE
LKN
PJM
25 x (35/25)^1/3

Retaining Wall

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Retaining Wall

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Project:

RETAINING WALL DESIGN

Angle of internal friction,

Coefficient of active earth pressure,

Soil density (f)

kN/m2 per meter run

Total Height of soil pressure acting

kN/m2 per meter run

Lateral pressure at top

kN/m2 per meter run

Lateral pressure at bottom

kN/m2 per meter run

Moment due to soil

Moment due to surcharge

kNm per meter run

kNm per meter run

MAIN REINFORCEMENT (VERTICAL)

Design for Maximum moment

Characteristic strength of concrete

Characteristic strength of steel

Diameter of main reinforcement

Diameter of secondary reinforcement

Factored bending moment

z = d x [0.5 +SQRT (0.25 - K / 0.9)]

Since 0.95xd,is greater than z, value of z is

Reinforcement required Ast = M / ( 0.95 x fy x z )

Min reinf. each face per table 3.25 BS 8110-1 = 0.2

Main reinforcement 20 @ 200 mm c/c

Area of reinforcement provided

400/132/22 kV SUBSTATION IN SAADIYAT ISLAND

132 kV GIS BUILDING

Crack Width Check For Wall

Thickness of wall (h)

Outer Face Reinforcement

Modulus of elasticity of concrete

Modulus of elasticity of steel

Characteristic strength of concrete

Dia of bar used

Spacing of bars provided

Dia of bar used (Extra reinforcement)

Spacing of bars provided (Extra reinforcement)

Permissible crack width

(For Plate No:

Depth of neutral axis ' x '

(Upto 0.6m height)

(As per Cl. 2.5.2 of BS 8110:Part1:1997)

Considering 1m width of wall,

1608 / (1000 x 217)

1608 x ( 217 - 84.33 / 3 ) x fs

Moment of resistance of the section

Hence stress in steel ,

400/132/22 kV SUBSTATION IN SAADIYAT ISLAND

132 kV GIS BUILDING

Stress in concrete, fcb

0.8 x 420 / 200000

( 143.08 / 17 )x 84.33 / ( 217 - 84.33 )

Stiffening effect of Concrete

Crack width ' W '

Check for crackwidth

1 + 2 x ( 95.90 - 75 ) / ( 300 -84.33 )

400/132/22 kV SUBSTATION IN SAADIYAT ISLAND

132 kV GIS BUILDING

CHECK FOR TEMPERATURE CRACK

Temperature Zone depth compression steel