Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Name
Reg No
Branch
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Einstein College of Engineering
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Sample component
FORMULA USED:
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MD=MSR+ (VSCXLC)
MD-Measured Dimension
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PROCEDURE:
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Einstein College of Engineering
Component-I
Main scale
reading(mm)
Vernier scale
coincide
Measured
Dimension
(mm)
Average(mm)
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Inner diameter
Outer diameter
Thickness
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Depth
Main scale
reading(mm)
Vernier scale
coincide
Measured
Dimension
(mm)
Average(mm)
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Component-II
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Total length
Major diameter
Mediumdiameter
Minor diameter
Total length
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MODEL CALCULATION:
Main scale reading
mm
Measured dimension
=MSR+(VSCXLC)
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Einstein College of Engineering
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2. Draw the block diagram of generalized measurement system and explain its various
elements.
3. Briefly discuss on the application of measuring instruments.
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STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT:
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5. List the various measuring instruments and explain each one of them.
RESULT:
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Component-I
ComponentII
Major
dia(mm)
Outer dia(mm)
Medium
dia(mm)
Minor
dia(mm)
Thickness(mm)
Major dia
length(mm)
Length(mm)
Total
length(mm)
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Exp No:
AIM:
Outside micrometer.
Cylindrical component.
Digital micrometer.
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PROCEDURE:
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TOOLS REQUIRED:
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Main scale
reading(MSR)
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Sl.
TABULATION:
No
mm
Vernier scale
division
Total reading
(M.S.R+V.S.R) in
mm
(VSD)
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Einstein College of Engineering
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8. With suitable examples, explain how flow measuring instruments are calibrated by
primary and secondary calibration methods?
9. Briefly discuss on calibration of temperature measuring devices with suitable
example.
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RESULT:
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Einstein College of Engineering
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To check the height of the machined component with standard dimensioned component using
dial gauge.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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PROCEDURE:
The slip gauges are built up to the given weight of the component.
Dial gauge with stand is placed on the surface plate.
The built up gauge is placed under the plunger.
The indicator is set to zero.
The built up gauge is removed.
The given machined component is placed under the plunger.
The variation in the height of the component is noted from the reading of the dial.
TABULATION:
Dial reading on
component in div.
Variation of height
In mm
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Sl.
No
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TOOLS REQUIRED:
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Einstein College of Engineering
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(ii) Micrometer
14. List the classification of slip gauges and write a note on care and uses of slip gauges.
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RESULT:
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Einstein College of Engineering
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TOOLS REQUIRED:
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PROCEDURE:
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Einstein College of Engineering
ANGULAR MEASUREMENT:
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19. Discuss in detail the sine bar, optical bevel protractor and angle dekkor used for
measuring angles.
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RESULT:
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Einstein College of Engineering
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Einstein College of Engineering
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Depth= (Zm/2)(1+2/Z-COS(90/Z)
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APPARATUS REQUIRED:
m-module
PROCEDURE:
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1. Find the zero error in the horizontal scale and vertical scale of the given gear tooth
vernier.
2. Find outer diameter of the given gear by using vernier caliper.
3. Count the no of tooth on the given gear.
4. Calculate the depth of pitch circle from the top circle.
5. Calculate the module (m) of the gear.
6. Similarly calculate the theoretical width by substituting and no of gear tooth in the
formula.
7. The vertical gear tooth vernier is made of point the calculate the depth value.
8. Now the gear tooth, i.e. kept in between in the two jaws of the gear tooth vernier.
9. Observe the main scale reading and vernier scale coincidence of the horizontal scale.
10. Repeat the observation of different position of the same tooth and calculate the average.
Page 15 of 47
Einstein College of Engineering
SL.No
Gear tooth
=0.02mm
MSR(mm)
VSC
Actual
Average(mm)
reading(mm)
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Vertical scale
1
I
3
1
II
3
1
2
3
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III
MODEL CALCULATION:
Module = outer dia/(Z+2)
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Depth = (Zm/2)(1+2/Z-COS(90/Z))
Width = Zm x sin (90/Z)
Deviation =theoretical value-actual value
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Einstein College of Engineering
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23. Discuss on how the following instruments are used for measurements of threads.
a) Pitch measuring machine b) Tool makers microscope 3) Screw pitch threads.
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GEAR MEASUREMENT:
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24. List the various terminologies of gears and explain them with diagram.
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RESULT:
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Thus the thickness of the gear tooth of the given spur gear is calculated using gear tooth
vernier.
Depth of the gear tooth =
mm
mm
Theoretical value
mm
Actual value
mm
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Page 18 of 47
Einstein College of Engineering
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
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To measure the taper angle of the given specimen using sine bar method.
4. micrometer
5. surface plate
6.Vernier caliper
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1. Sine bar
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FORMULA:
Sin = h / L
Where,
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TABULATION:
Page 19 of 47
Einstein College of Engineering
bar (L) mm
(h)mm
Taper angle ( )
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Sl.No
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CALCULATION:
GEAR MEASUREMENT:
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Sin = h / L
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RESULT:
Thus the taper angle of the given specimen is measured using sine bar.
The external taper angle is ________________________
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To determine the major and flank angle for the particular screw.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Tool makers microscope
Work piece
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PROCEDURE:
5. After getting the clear image, locate the crosswire at the initial point on the image.
Now note down the micrometer reading.
6. Move the cross wire from initial point to the finial point on the image, which is to be
measured. Note down the micrometer reading, this operation is done by using
micrometer.
7. Now the different but when the initial and the finial reading i.e. distance traveled
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Sl.
No
Actual micrometer
reading in mm (A)
Error
Initial(B)
(A-D)
Difference
b/w B& C (D)
% error
In mm
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mm
Final (c)
mm
Final angle in
Difference b/w
degree (B)
(A&B)
Average
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Sl.No
CALCULATION:
% error = (error/actual micrometer reading) x100
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Einstein College of Engineering
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34. Write a note on the various acceptance tests conducted on machine tools.
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35. List the specific tests that are conducted on machine tools.
RESULT:
Thus the all dimensions of the given particular screw were measured by using tool
makers microscope.
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Einstein College of Engineering
Collimator Unit
Base
Plain Reflector
Optical Source
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1.
2.
3.
4.
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MAIN PARTS:
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APPLICATION:
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Measurement in glass shop, checking the straightness and flatness, checking square and
V-block, checking deflection of the structure under the load measuring tapes, checking the angle
of small castings.
SPECIFICATION:
=300mm
=25mm
Barrel diameter
=38mm
Barrel length
=200mm
Eyepiece magnification
=10*
Measuring range
=25 minutes
Read out
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Dimensions of base
Flatness of base
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Einstein College of Engineering
PROCEDURE:
Switch on the light and observe the measuring gratitude through eyepiece.
The smallest division of liner scale is 1 minute.
Bring the plain reflector in front of autocollimator to get a reflected.
Depending upon variation in surface position of target will change on measuring scale.
There upon the position of intersection point of cross bar line will measuring gratitude is
the deviation in minute.
6. Using micrometer provided for eyepiece we can measure the function upto 10 seconds.
Autocollimator reading(mm)
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TABULATION:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Einstein College of Engineering
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RESULT:
Thus the flatness test has been conducted on the given surface and graph was plotted.
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Einstein College of Engineering
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To measure the major diameter of screw thread using floating carriage micrometer.
PROCEDURE:
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Clear all the parts with tissue paper or soft cloth. Put the base (A) on the form elevation
table on surface plate level the machine with the help of screw (E) in such a way that the floating
top remains steady at any position with out gravitational motion.
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Put floating top (O) on the carriage with two balls between the two stopper fins on one
side V groove of carriage (B) and floating top (C). Put one ball on other V groove on other side
of floating top between the stopper pins.
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Insert the micrometer(F) provided with machine in one side of the floating top nearer to
observer and tight lever(Y) and screw provided on floating top (C). Insert the O indicator (C)
on the other side of the V groove on floating and tight the lever and screw.
Now the machine is ready to take the readings.
MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION:
Major diameter measurement
The dia of the setting master on a cylinder should be nearly same as the dia of the thread
gauge. The advantage of using setting master is it gives similarly of contact of anvils and radius
error in measurement the setting is held between the centers. The master cylinder is then replaced
by the threaded work piece on threaded gauge and then second reading is taken.
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Then,
Major diameter D+ different between R1 and R2 the +or is determined by relative size
of master and work piece.
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Einstein College of Engineering
dimension
FCM reading
FCM reading
for standard
piece (A)
thread(B)
Difference
Actual reading
(A-B)
SD(A-B)
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SL.No
Standard
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FORCE:
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42. Explain the method of measuring force using a strain gauge load cell.
43. Explain the method of measuring force using a hydraulic, pneumatic load cell.
TORQUE:
(i) Optical torsion meter (ii) slotted discs (iii) rotating shafts.
POWER:
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(i) Prony brake (ii) fluid friction dynamometers (iii) Eddy current dynamometer
RESULT:
Thus the major diameter of the screw thread is measured by using floating carriage
micrometer.
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Einstein College of Engineering
PROFILE PROJECTOR
Date:
Exp No
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AIM:
To calibrate the profile projector using given samples which dimensions is measured by
micrometer as standard.
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CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS:
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Profile projections are highly sophisticated and versatile designed as per international standards.
This comprehensive range covers all conceivable application its ideal for the rapid inspection and
measurement (linear and angular) of small to medium size components such as watch parts, tools, rubber
components, miniature electronic assemblies and so on.
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Its best quality high resolution optics provides accurate, bright, clear and sharp images. The
special front and back surface mirror are highly polished and lobbied distortion and reproduction. Three
element condenser system and high intensity halogen lamps provides brilliant images even in day light
condition commitment to quality insure that offer the highest level of precision, quality, reliability and
performance.
Two types profile projectors are,
PROJECTION CAPACITY:
10:1
32mm
23mm
20:1
12.5mm
38mm
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Projection lens
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Einstein College of Engineering
TABULATION:
To find out % of error
Profile projector micrometer reading
Final (C)
mm
% of error
Difference
(D) mm
(mm)
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Initial (B)
mm
Error(A-D)
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Actual
micrometer
reading(mm)
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Final angle
degree
difference
degree
Average
degree
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Initial angle
degree
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Einstein College of Engineering
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1. Switch ON the main. The induction glows, then the instrument is ON.
2. Switch ON the toggle switch. For cooling fan below the light house.
3. Toggle switch 2 for light source ON.
4. Select the capacity of the length for precision operation measured and fix that
flow the projection head.
5. Place the object (balls) on the glass table. TO get the clear image rotate the arm
wheel provided at the right side.
6. After getting the clear image locate the cross wire of the initial point on the image
which to be measured, and then the cross wire moved to the final point. Note
down the micrometer reading. This is done by using micrometer.
7. Now find the difference between initial and final readings.
8. Graph can be plotted between actual micrometer reading Vs % Error.
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FLOW:
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TEMPERATURE:
48. What are RTDs? On what basic principle do the work? Explain with diagram one of the
RTDs.
49. Explain the construction and working of helix and spiral bimetallic thermometer.
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50. Explain how a thermocouple is used to measure temperature? And explain three laws of
thermocouples.
RESULT:
Thus the dimension of given samples are measured by using profile projector.
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Einstein College of Engineering
Display range
micro strain.
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SPECIFICATION:
Bridge excitation : 12 V DC
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Balance
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: 5mm
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Strain gauge
: 2.01
PHYSICAL DIMENSION:
Overall beam length (x): 300mm
Actual length (l): 220.0mm (middle of the strain gauge grid to loading point )
Width of the Beam (b) : 28.0mm
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Einstein College of Engineering
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Short RED & BLUE wires & connect them to RED terminals on the panel. Match
the other wire colors with terminals.
For half bridge configuration:
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TABULAR COLUMN
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Disconnect the BLUE & GREEN wire from the terminal of the panel.
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Sl.No
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S = micro strain.
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PROCEDURE:
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E = youngs modulus
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1. check the connections made SWITCH ON the instrument by toggle switch at the back of
the box the display goes to indicate the instrument is ON
2. Allow the instrument to be in ON position for 10 minutes for initial warm up.
3. select the full or half bridge configuration from the selectors switch on the panel
4. Adjust the zero potentiometer on the panel till the display reads 000.
5. Apply 1kg load on the cantilever beam and adjust the CAC potentiometer till the display
reads 377 micro strains, as per the calculation. remove the weight the display gradually
comes to zero position again & repeat the procedure again and the instrument is
elaborated to read micro strain.
6. Apply load on the sensor using the loading arrangement in steps of 100gms to 1kg.
7. The instrument displays exact micro strain strained by the cantilever beam (for full bridge
configuration & half bridge configuration).
8. Note down the reading in the tabular column % error in the reading, hysterisis and
accuracy of the instrument can be calculated by comparing with theoretical value.
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RESULT:
Thus the strain measurement trainer was trained & % of strain was calculated.
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Einstein College of Engineering
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The aim of the instrumentation trainer is to introduce and to calculate the instrumentation
system in a manner sufficiently complete that the students will acquire proper knowledge and the
idea about the transducers and their applications to measure mechanical and thermal quantities
include strain, force, pressure, torque, displacement, acceleration, frequency etc. the thermal
quantities include temperature and heat flow.
TORQUE INDICATOR
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Display range: 3 digital LED display of 200mv FSD to read upto 1999 counts.
Accuracy: 0.5% of FSD
Resolution: 0.01 kg-m
Bridge excitation: 10VDC
Calibration: Directly loading sensor at 1m arm length.
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SPECIFICATION:
SENSOR SPECIFICATION
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Einstein College of Engineering
Sl.
ACTUAL TORQUE(A)
Indicator reading(B)
Error
No
kg-m.
kg-m
(A-B) kg-m
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% error
CONNECTION DETAILS
Power: 3 pin mains cable is provide with the instrument connect the three pin socket to
the instrument at the rear panel and to the AC mains 230V supply.
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Sensor: 5 pin connected is provided at the rear panel marked sensor. Connect one end of
the cable provided at the rear panel marked and other end to the instrument.
PROCEDURE:
8. Check connection made and switch ON the instrument by rocker switch at the front
panel. The display glows to indicate the instrument is ON.
9. Allow the instrument is in ON position for 10 minutes for initial warm up.
10. Adjust the potentiometer in the front panel till the display reads 00.0.
11. Apply load to the fulcrum arm by adding dead weights in steps of 100gms.
12. The instrument reads the load on the sensor and display through LED. Readings can
be tabulated.
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Einstein College of Engineering
GRAPH:
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RESULT:
Thus the electronic instrumentation trainer was trained successfully and the
corresponding graphs were plotted.
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Einstein College of Engineering
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To measure the vibration in terms of acceleration, velocity and displacement for different
speed conditions.
SPECIFICATION:
: 35-45
: 28-30
Capacitance p+
: 1000
Frequency range, HZ
: 10-3000
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Accelerometer
Shock max
: 1000
: 60
Vibration meter
: 6000 M OHMS
: 800pc
Frequency range
: 10Hz-1Hz
Acceleration
Velocity
: 0.1-19.9 cm/s
Displacement
: 0.01-1.99 mm
Display
Power supply
: 230 volts, 50 H
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Input impedance
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Einstein College of Engineering
Speed
Acceleration m/s
Sl.No
Velocity cm/s
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rpm
Displacement
mm
CONNECTION DETAILS:
Power: 3 pin mains cable provided with the instrument connect the 3 pin socket to the
instrument at the real panel and to the Ac mains 230v supply.
Sensor: battery terminals are provided at the front panel to connect the sensor.
OPERATING PROCEDURE:
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1. Check connections and switch ON the instrument by socket switch of the front
panel. The displays close to indicate the instrument is ON.
2. Allow the instrument in ON position for 10 minutes for initial worm up.
3. Select the parameter line acceleration or velocity or displacement to be measured.
4. Apply dynamic force on the sensor the display will shows the diameter.
5. By mounting the sensor on any vibrating body the acceleration, velocity and
displacement of the vibrating body can be measured.
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Einstein College of Engineering
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RESULT:
Thus the vibration of a rotating shaft in terms of acceleration, velocity and displacement
of different speed are found out successfully and the corresponding graphs are plotted.m
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Einstein College of Engineering