CIGRE WG A3.

06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

CIGRE WG A3.06
Reliability
of
High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
Circuit Breakers

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Old Survey

Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n

19881988-91

70.708 CB years
22 countries

New Survey
55.088 CB / 2004
46.470 CB / 2005
6.329 CB / 2006
14.763 CB / 2007

122.650 CB years
21 countries
2

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n

Age Distribution
Total 122650 CB years

before 1979 1979-1983

1984-1988

1989-1993

1994-1998

Age Distribution

1999-2003

2004-2007

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n

Voltage distribution
Old survey

300 V <
500
14%

500 V <
700
3%

700 V
0%
63 V <
100
35%

200 V <
300
15%

100 V <
200
33%

Voltage distribution
New survey
300<= ... <500
kV
10,2%

500<= ... <700

kV
2,7%

>= 700 kV
0,1%
60<= ... <100
kV
36,7%

200<= ... <300

kV
14,5%
100<= ... <200
kV
35,7%

Voltage distribution

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n

Type of enclosure
Old survey
Non metal
enclosed
57%

Type of enclosure
New survey
Non metal
enclosed
38%

Dead tank
29%

Metal
enclosed
43%

GIS 3 phase
15%

Type of enclosure

GIS 1 phase
18%

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Location
Old survey
Indoors
15%

Location
New survey

Outdoors
85%
Indoor
16%

Location

Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n

Outdoor
84%

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n

Kind of service

Shunt reactor
1%

Capacitor
3%

Bus-coupler
10%
Other
1%

Cable
6%

Transformer
25%

Kind of service

Overhead
line
54%

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Type of operating mechanism

Old survey
Spring
18%

Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n
Type of operating mechanism
New survey
Other
1%

Spring
49%

Pneumati
c
30%

Hydraulic
27%

Hydraulic
52%

Pneumatic
23%

Type of operating mechanism

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
n

Maintenance philosophy
New survey

Other
0,2%

Combination
37,9%

Run to failure
0,0%

Condition
based
4,7%

Maintenance philosophy

Time
based
57,2%

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Failure Distribution

10

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

e
r
lu
i
a
Fa at
d

New Survey

Old Survey
1988-91
Minor:

3358

Major:

475

up to 2007:
2342 reports

Failure classification
old survey

Failure classification
new survey

m ajor

m ajor
12%

m inor

minor
88%

Failure classification

11

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

e
r
lu
i
a
Fa at
d

Contribution environment "major"

New survey

Contribution environment "major"

Old survey

Sudden variation
in tem perature
2%
Rain
0%
Strong w ind
1%

Snow , ice or
Corrosive
hoarfrost
atmosphere
1%
0%

Fog or high
humidity
1%

contribution
7%

Pollution
including dust
0%
Lightning
3%
Others
1%

No
contribution
93%

No
contribution
91%

Contribution of environment

12

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Service conditions / New survey

e
r
lu
i
a
Fa at
d

Service conditions
Old survey
minor
major

3000
2500
2000
major
1500

minor

1 de-energized - Available for service

1000

2 Normal service - no operation command

500

3 Normal service operation demanded

0
In service or
available for
service

During
maintenance

Other cases

4 Fault clearing operation

5 Operation occurred without command
6 During or directly after testing / maintenance

Service conditions

13

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

e
r
lu
i
Fa ata
d

Major failor mode

New survey

Major failor mode

Old survey

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Main failure modes:

1+2 Does not close / open on command
20

Locking in open or closed position by the control system

21

Loss of mechanical integrity

Major failure modes

14

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Components responsible for major failures

e
r
lu
i
Fa ata
d

New survey%
Old survey%

Component at
service voltage

Electrical control
and auxiliary circuits

Operating
mechanism

Kinematic chain

Components responcible

15

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

e
r
lu
i
Fa ata
d

Components responsible for MF

dependence on age

Electrical control
and auxiliary
circuits
Operating
mechanism
Component at
service voltage

Kinematic chain
before 1984

1984 - 1993

1994 - 2003

Components responsible

16

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Major failure rate / age

e
r
lu
i
Fa ata
d

before 1984

1984 - 1993

Major failure rate

1994 - 2003

17

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

e
r
lu
i
Fa ata
d

The majority of the CBs is used at

service voltages between 60 and 200 kV

Po
da pu
ta l a
tio
The majority of the CBs is installed outdoors
n

54% of the CBs are used for overhead line

switching
The mainly used type of operating mechanism has
changed from hydraulic to spring design
Most of the failures seem to happen during normal
service
Leakage of SF6 or oil seems still to be a problem
Operating mechanisms are still the most reported
components responsible for mayor failures But getting
better!
Main Conclusions
18

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipment

Intermediate Results
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

CIGRE WG A3.06
Intermediate Results

Circuit Breakers
Task Force Circuit Breakers:
WG A3-06 Tutorial
October 2008
Seoul

Dirk Makareinis, Carl E. Slver,

Antoni Hyrczak, Kresimir Mestrovic,
Manuel Lopez Cormenzana,
Antonio Carvalho, Bob Sweeney

19